java微信订阅号（公众号）开发案例

最新推荐文章于 2022-12-07 19:29:47 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-12-07 19:29:47 发布

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分类专栏： javaweb java基础文章标签： java 开发人员微信

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/j086924/article/details/53282847

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微信公众号开发一般是针对企业和组织的，个人一般只能申请订阅号，并且调用的接口有限，下面我们就来简单的描述下接入公众号的步骤：

1、首先你需要一个邮箱在微信公众号平台进行注册；

注册的方式有订阅号、公众号、小程序和企业号，个人我们这里只能选择订阅号

2、注册完后，我们登录到公众号平台--->开发--->基本配置,这里需要填写URL和token，URL就是我们使用服务器的接口；

3、java web服务器程序编译好且在服务器上部署可以运行的话，可在微信公众号进行在线接口调试：

1）、选择合适的接口
2）、系统会生成该接口的参数表，您可以直接在文本框内填入对应的参数值（红色星号表示该字段必填）
3）、点击检查问题按钮，即可得到相应的调试信息

eg:获取access_token的步骤：

1）、接口类型：基础支持

2）、接口列表：获取access_token接口/token

3）、填写相应的参数：grant_type、appid、secret

4）、点击检查问题

5）、验证成功会返回结果和提示，结果为：200 ok,提示：Request successful即表示验证成功

我们这里验证比较多的是消息接口调试：文本消息、图片消息、语音消息、视频消息、etc

4、接口有不理解的地方，可进入开发-->开发者工具-->开发者文档进行查询

5、接口权限：订阅号主要有基础支持、接收消息及网页服务里面的一些接口

下面我们主要讲订阅号怎么样接收消息的案例：

1、需要申请一个个人微信订阅号

2、url服务器和服务器端代码部署（可以用腾讯云or阿里云服务器）

1）、AccountsServlet.java类，验证来自微信服务器和微信服务器的消息处理

package cn.jon.wechat.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import cn.jon.wechat.service.AccountsService;
import cn.jon.wechat.utils.SignUtil;




public class AccountsServlet extends HttpServlet {

	public AccountsServlet() {
		super();
	}


	public void destroy() {
		super.destroy(); 
		// Put your code here
	}
	/**
	 * 确认请求来自于微信服务器
	 */

	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
			System.out.println("接口测试开始！！！");
			//微信加密签名
			String signature = request.getParameter("signature");
			//时间戳
			String timestamp = request.getParameter("timestamp");
			//随机数
			String nonce = request.getParameter("nonce");
			//随机字符串
			String echostr = request.getParameter("echostr");
			
			PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
			//通过校验signature对请求进行校验，若校验成功则原样返回echostr，表示接入成功，否则接入失败
			if(SignUtil.checkSignature(signature,timestamp,nonce)){
				out.print(echostr);
			}
			out.close();
			out = null;
//			response.encodeRedirectURL("success.jsp");
			
		
	}
	/**
	 * 处理微信服务器发来的消息
	 */
	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		//消息的接受、处理、响应
		request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
		response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
		//调用核心业务类型接受消息、处理消息
		String respMessage = AccountsService.processRequest(request);
		
		//响应消息
		PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
		out.print(respMessage);
		out.close();
		
		
	}

	public void init() throws ServletException {
		// Put your code here
	}
	
}

2）、SignUtil.java类，请求校验工具类，token需要和微信中填写的token一致

package cn.jon.wechat.utils;

import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;

/**
 * 请求校验工具类
 * @author jon
 */
public class SignUtil {
	//与微信配置中的的Token一致
	private static String token  = "";
	
	public static boolean checkSignature(String signature, String timestamp,
			String nonce) {
		String[] arra = new String[]{token,timestamp,nonce};
		//将signature,timestamp,nonce组成数组进行字典排序
		Arrays.sort(arra);
		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
		for(int i=0;i<arra.length;i++){
			sb.append(arra[i]);
		}
		MessageDigest md = null;
		String stnStr = null;
		try {
			md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");
			byte[] digest = md.digest(sb.toString().getBytes());
			stnStr = byteToStr(digest);
		} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		//释放内存
		sb = null;
		//将sha1加密后的字符串与signature对比，标识该请求来源于微信
		return stnStr!=null?stnStr.equals(signature.toUpperCase()):false;
	}
	/**
	 * 将字节数组转换成十六进制字符串
	 * @param digestArra
	 * @return
	 */
	private static String byteToStr(byte[] digestArra) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		String digestStr = "";
		for(int i=0;i<digestArra.length;i++){
			digestStr += byteToHexStr(digestArra[i]);
		}
		return digestStr;
	}
	/**
	 * 将字节转换成为十六进制字符串
	 */
	private static String byteToHexStr(byte dByte) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		char[] Digit = {'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','A','B','C','D','E','F'};
		char[] tmpArr = new char[2];
		tmpArr[0] = Digit[(dByte>>>4)&0X0F];
		tmpArr[1] = Digit[dByte&0X0F];
		String s = new String(tmpArr);
		return s;
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		/*byte dByte = 'A';
		System.out.println(byteToHexStr(dByte));*/
		Map<String,String> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, String>();
		map.put("4", "zhangsan");
		map.put("100", "lisi");
		Set set = map.keySet();
		Iterator iter = set.iterator();
		while(iter.hasNext()){
//			String keyV = (String) iter.next();
			String key =(String)iter.next();
			System.out.println(map.get(key));
//			System.out.println(map.get(iter.next()));
		}
		/*for(int i=0;i<map.size();i++){
			
		}*/
	}
}

3）、AccountsService.java服务类，主要是消息的请求和响应处理，并且当用户关注你的公众号的时候，可以设置默认推送消息

package cn.jon.wechat.service;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.ImageMessage;
import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.LinkMessage;
import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.LocationMessage;
import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.VideoMessage;
import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.VoiceMessage;
import cn.jon.wechat.message.resp.TextMessage;
import cn.jon.wechat.utils.MessageUtil;

/**
 * 解耦，使控制层与业务逻辑层分离开来，主要处理请求，响应
 * @author jon
 */
public class AccountsService {
	
	public static String processRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
		String respMessage = null;
		//默认返回的文本消息内容
		String respContent = "请求处理异常，请稍后尝试！";
		try {
			//xml请求解析
			Map<String,String> requestMap = MessageUtil.pareXml(request);
			
			//发送方账号（open_id）
			String fromUserName = requestMap.get("FromUserName");
			//公众账号
			String toUserName = requestMap.get("ToUserName");
			//消息类型
			String msgType = requestMap.get("MsgType");
			
			//默认回复此文本消息  
            TextMessage defaultTextMessage = new TextMessage();  
            defaultTextMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName);  
            defaultTextMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName);  
            defaultTextMessage.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime());  
            defaultTextMessage.setMsgType(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_TEXT);  
            defaultTextMessage.setFuncFlag(0);  
            // 由于href属性值必须用双引号引起，这与字符串本身的双引号冲突，所以要转义  
            defaultTextMessage.setContent("欢迎访问<a href=\"http://blog.csdn.net/j086924\">jon的博客</a>!");  
//            defaultTextMessage.setContent(getMainMenu());
            // 将文本消息对象转换成xml字符串  
            respMessage = MessageUtil.textMessageToXml(defaultTextMessage);  
  
			
			//文本消息
			if(msgType.equals(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_TEXT)){
				//respContent = "Hi,您发送的是文本消息！";
				//回复文本消息
				TextMessage textMessage = new TextMessage();
//				textMessage.setToUserName(toUserName);
//				textMessage.setFromUserName(fromUserName);
				//这里需要注意，否则无法回复消息给用户了
				textMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName);
				textMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName);
				textMessage.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime());
				textMessage.setMsgType(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_TEXT);
				textMessage.setFuncFlag(0);
				respContent = "Hi，你发的消息是："+requestMap.get("Content");
				textMessage.setContent(respContent);
				respMessage = MessageUtil.textMessageToXml(textMessage);
			}
			//图片消息
			else if(msgType.equals(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_IMAGE)){
				
				ImageMessage imageMessage=new ImageMessage();
				imageMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName);
				imageMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName);
				imageMessage.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime());
				imageMessage.setMsgType(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_IMAGE);
				//respContent=requestMap.get("PicUrl");
				imageMessage.setPicUrl("http://img24.pplive.cn//2013//07//24//12103112092_230X306.jpg");
				respMessage = MessageUtil.imageMessageToXml(imageMessage);
			}
			//地理位置
			else if(msgType.equals(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_LOCATION)){
				LocationMessage locationMessage=new LocationMessage();
				locationMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName);
				locationMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName);
				locationMessage.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime());
				locationMessage.setMsgType(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_LOCATION);
				locationMessage.setLocation_X(requestMap.get("Location_X"));
				locationMessage.setLocation_Y(requestMap.get("Location_Y"));
				locationMessage.setScale(requestMap.get("Scale"));
				locationMessage.setLabel(requestMap.get("Label"));
				respMessage = MessageUtil.locationMessageToXml(locationMessage);
				
			}
			
			//视频消息
			else if(msgType.equals(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_VIDEO)){
				VideoMessage videoMessage=new VideoMessage();
				videoMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName);
				videoMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName);
				videoMessage.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime());
				videoMessage.setMsgType(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_VIDEO);
				videoMessage.setMediaId(requestMap.get("MediaId"));
				videoMessage.setThumbMediaId(requestMap.get("ThumbMediaId"));
				respMessage = MessageUtil.videoMessageToXml(videoMessage);
				
			}
			//链接消息
			else if(msgType.equals(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_LINK)){
				LinkMessage linkMessage=new LinkMessage();
				linkMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName);
				linkMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName);
				linkMessage.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime());
				linkMessage.setMsgType(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_LINK);
				linkMessage.setTitle(requestMap.get("Title"));
				linkMessage.setDescription(requestMap.get("Description"));
				linkMessage.setUrl(requestMap.get("Url"));
				respMessage = MessageUtil.linkMessageToXml(linkMessage);
			}
			//语音消息
			else if(msgType.equals(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_VOICE)){
				VoiceMessage voiceMessage=new VoiceMessage();
				voiceMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName);
				voiceMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName);
				voiceMessage.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime());
				voiceMessage.setMsgType(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_VOICE);
				voiceMessage.setMediaId(requestMap.get("MediaId"));
				voiceMessage.setFormat(requestMap.get("Format"));
				respMessage = MessageUtil.voiceMessageToXml(voiceMessage);
			}
			//事件推送
			else if(msgType.equals(MessageUtil.MESSSAGE_TYPE_EVENT)){
				//事件类型
				String eventType = requestMap.get("Event");
				//订阅
				if(eventType.equals(MessageUtil.EVENT_TYPE_SUBSCRIBE)){
					respContent = "谢谢关注！";
				}
				//取消订阅
				else if(eventType.equals(MessageUtil.EVENT_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE)){
					//
					System.out.println("取消订阅");
					
				}
				else if(eventType.equals(MessageUtil.EVENT_TYPE_CLICK)){
					//自定义菜单消息处理
					System.out.println("自定义菜单消息处理");
				}
			}
			
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return respMessage;
	}
	
	public static String getMainMenu()
	{
		StringBuffer buffer =new StringBuffer();
		buffer.append("您好，我是jon,请回复数字选择服务:").append("\n");
		buffer.append("1、我的博客").append("\n");
		buffer.append("2、 歌曲点播").append("\n");
		buffer.append("3、 经典游戏").append("\n");
		buffer.append("4 、聊天打牌").append("\n\n");
		buffer.append("回复"+"0"+"显示帮助菜单");
		return buffer.toString();
		
	}
}

4）、MessageUtil.java帮助类，包括常量的定义和xml消息转换和处理

package cn.jon.wechat.utils;

import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;

import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.ImageMessage;
import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.LinkMessage;
import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.LocationMessage;
import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.VideoMessage;
import cn.jon.wechat.message.req.VoiceMessage;
import cn.jon.wechat.message.resp.Article;
import cn.jon.wechat.message.resp.MusicMessage;
import cn.jon.wechat.message.resp.NewsMessage;
import cn.jon.wechat.message.resp.TextMessage;

import com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.core.util.QuickWriter;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.HierarchicalStreamWriter;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.xml.PrettyPrintWriter;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.xml.XppDriver;

/**
 * 各种消息的处理类 
 * @author jon
 */

public class MessageUtil {
	/**
	 * 文本类型
	 */
	public static final String  MESSSAGE_TYPE_TEXT = "text";
	/**
	 * 音乐类型
	 */
	public static final String  MESSSAGE_TYPE_MUSIC = "music";
	/**
	 * 图文类型
	 */
	public static final String  MESSSAGE_TYPE_NEWS = "news";
	
	/**
	 * 视频类型
	 */
	public static final String  MESSSAGE_TYPE_VIDEO = "video";
	/**
	 * 图片类型
	 */
	public static final String  MESSSAGE_TYPE_IMAGE = "image";
	/**
	 * 链接类型
	 */
	public static final String  MESSSAGE_TYPE_LINK = "link";
	/**
	 * 地理位置类型
	 */
	public static final String  MESSSAGE_TYPE_LOCATION = "location";
	/**
	 * 音频类型
	 */
	public static final String  MESSSAGE_TYPE_VOICE = "voice";
	/**
	 * 推送类型
	 */
	public static final String  MESSSAGE_TYPE_EVENT = "event";
	/**
	 * 事件类型：subscribe（订阅）
	 */
	public static final String  EVENT_TYPE_SUBSCRIBE = "subscribe";
	/**
	 * 事件类型：unsubscribe（取消订阅）
	 */
	public static final String  EVENT_TYPE_UNSUBSCRIBE = "unsubscribe";
	/**
	 * 事件类型：click（自定义菜单点击事件）
	 */
	public static final String  EVENT_TYPE_CLICK= "CLICK";
	
	/**
	 * 解析微信发来的请求 XML 
	 */
	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	public static Map<String,String> pareXml(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
		
		//将解析的结果存储在HashMap中
		Map<String,String> reqMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
		
		//从request中取得输入流
		InputStream inputStream = request.getInputStream();
		//读取输入流
		SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
		Document document = reader.read(inputStream);
		//得到xml根元素
		Element root = document.getRootElement();
		//得到根元素的所有子节点
		List<Element> elementList = root.elements();
		//遍历所有的子节点取得信息类容
		for(Element elem:elementList){
			reqMap.put(elem.getName(),elem.getText());
		}
		//释放资源
		inputStream.close();
		inputStream = null;
		
		return reqMap;		
	}
	/**
	 * 响应消息转换成xml返回
	 * 文本对象转换成xml
	 */
	public  static String textMessageToXml(TextMessage textMessage) {
		xstream.alias("xml", textMessage.getClass());
		return xstream.toXML(textMessage);
	}
	/**
	 * 语音对象的转换成xml
	 * 
	 */
	public  static String voiceMessageToXml(VoiceMessage voiceMessage) {
		xstream.alias("xml", voiceMessage.getClass());
		return xstream.toXML(voiceMessage);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 视频对象的转换成xml
	 * 
	 */
	public  static String videoMessageToXml(VideoMessage videoMessage) {
		xstream.alias("xml", videoMessage.getClass());
		return xstream.toXML(videoMessage);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 音乐对象的转换成xml
	 * 
	 */
	public  static String musicMessageToXml(MusicMessage musicMessage) {
		xstream.alias("xml", musicMessage.getClass());
		return xstream.toXML(musicMessage);
	}
	/**
	 * 图文对象转换成xml
	 * 
	 */
	public  static String newsMessageToXml(NewsMessage newsMessage) {
		xstream.alias("xml", newsMessage.getClass());
		xstream.alias("item", new Article().getClass());
		return xstream.toXML(newsMessage);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 图片对象转换成xml
	 *
	 */
	
	public static String imageMessageToXml(ImageMessage imageMessage)
	{
		xstream.alias("xml",imageMessage.getClass());
		return xstream.toXML(imageMessage);
		
	}
	
	/**
	 * 链接对象转换成xml
	 *
	 */
	
	public static String linkMessageToXml(LinkMessage linkMessage)
	{
		xstream.alias("xml",linkMessage.getClass());
		return xstream.toXML(linkMessage);
		
	}
	
	/**
	 * 地理位置对象转换成xml
	 *
	 */
	
	public static String locationMessageToXml(LocationMessage locationMessage)
	{
		xstream.alias("xml",locationMessage.getClass());
		return xstream.toXML(locationMessage);
		
	}
	
	/**
	 * 拓展xstream，使得支持CDATA块
	 * 
	 */
	private static XStream xstream = new XStream(new XppDriver(){
		public HierarchicalStreamWriter createWriter(Writer out){
			return new PrettyPrintWriter(out){
				//对所有的xml节点的转换都增加CDATA标记
				boolean cdata = true;
				
				@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
				public void startNode(String name,Class clazz){
					super.startNode(name,clazz);
				}
				
				protected void writeText(QuickWriter writer,String text){
					if(cdata){
						writer.write("<![CDATA[");
						writer.write(text);
						writer.write("]]>");
					}else{
						writer.write(text);
					}
				}
			};
		}
	});
	
}

5）、BaseMessage.java消息基类(包括：开发者微信号、用户账户、创建时间、消息类型、消息ID变量)，文本、视频、图片消息都会继承此基类，在此基础上扩展自己的变量，可根据开发者文档中的各种消息属性进行定义

package cn.jon.wechat.message.req;
/**
 * 消息基类 （普通用户-公众号）
 * @author jon
 */
public class BaseMessage {
	
	//开发者微信号
	private String ToUserName;
	//发送方账号（一个openId）
	private String FromUserName;
	//消息创建时间（整型）
	private long CreateTime;
	//消息类型（text/image/location/link...）
	private String MsgType;
	//消息id 64位整型
	private String MsgId;
	
	public BaseMessage() {
		super();
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}
	
	public BaseMessage(String toUserName, String fromUserName, long createTime,
			String msgType, String msgId) {
		super();
		ToUserName = toUserName;
		FromUserName = fromUserName;
		CreateTime = createTime;
		MsgType = msgType;
		MsgId = msgId;
	}
	
	public String getToUserName() {
		return ToUserName;
	}
	
	public void setToUserName(String toUserName) {
		ToUserName = toUserName;
	}
	
	public String getFromUserName() {
		return FromUserName;
	}
	
	public void setFromUserName(String fromUserName) {
		FromUserName = fromUserName;
	}
	public long getCreateTime() {
		return CreateTime;
	}
	
	public void setCreateTime(long createTime) {
		CreateTime = createTime;
	}
	public String getMsgType() {
		return MsgType;
	}
	
	public void setMsgType(String msgType) {
		MsgType = msgType;
	}
	public String getMsgId() {
		return MsgId;
	}
	
	public void setMsgId(String msgId) {
		MsgId = msgId;
	}
}

6）、TextMessage.java文本消息，继承自5中基类，扩展内容属性

package cn.jon.wechat.message.req;
/**
 * 文本消息
 * @author jon
 */
public class TextMessage extends BaseMessage{
	//消息内容
	private String content;

	public String getContent() {
		return content;
	}

	public void setContent(String content) {
		this.content = content;
	}
	
}

7）、ImageMessage.java图片消息

package cn.jon.wechat.message.req;
/**
 * 图片消息
 * @author jon
 */
public class ImageMessage extends BaseMessage{
	//图片链接
	private String PicUrl;

	public String getPicUrl() {
		return PicUrl;
	}

	public void setPicUrl(String picUrl) {
		PicUrl = picUrl;
	}	
}

8）、VideoMessage.java视频消息

package cn.jon.wechat.message.req;

public class VideoMessage extends BaseMessage {
	
	private String mediaId;
	private String thumbMediaId;
	public String getMediaId() {
		return mediaId;
	}
	public void setMediaId(String mediaId) {
		this.mediaId = mediaId;
	}
	public String getThumbMediaId() {
		return thumbMediaId;
	}
	public void setThumbMediaId(String thumbMediaId) {
		this.thumbMediaId = thumbMediaId;
	}	

}

其他消息类可根据开发者文档自行进行完成，另外，开发者也可以申请公众平台测试账号，对开发的相关内容进行测试

源代码下载地址