shell学习练习

shell学习：

https://www.runoob.com/linux/linux-shell.html

shell练习：

https://github.com/fengyuhetao/shell

 

windows下面使用awk、sed、grep、gnuplot
http://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=858128&do=blog&quickforward=1&id=994394
awk学习:
https://www.runoob.com/linux/linux-comm-awk.html

linux系统变量：

echo "PWD:"$PWD #当前用户的工作目录
echo "path:"$PATH #搜索执行码的路径
echo "Logname:"$LOGNAME #用户的登录名
echo "SHELL:"$SHELL #当前所使用的shell
echo "HOME:"$HOME #用户主目录

myUrl="https://www.runoob.com"
echo "test:$myUrl"
ech ${#myUrl} #输出字符串长度
echo "输出子串：${myUrl:1:4}" # 输出子字符串
echo `expr index "$myUrl" io` #查找子字符串i或o位置

array_name=(value0 value1 value2 value3)
echo ${array_name[@]} #使用 @ 符号可以获取数组中的所有元素

printf "%-10s %-8s %-4s\n" 姓名 性别 体重kg
#%-10s 指一个宽度为10个字符（-表示左对齐，没有则表示右对齐）
#printf转义参考：https://www.runoob.com/linux/linux-shell-printf.html

a=10
b=20
if [ $a == $b ]
then
   echo "a 等于 b"
elif [ $a -gt $b ]
then
   echo "a 大于 b"
elif [ $a -lt $b ]
then
   echo "a 小于 b"
else
   echo "没有符合的条件"
fi

#关系运算 -eq等于，-ne不等于，-gt 大于，-lt 小于，-ge大于等于，-le 小于等于
for str in 'This is a string'
do
    echo "测试:$str";
done

str='root'
    if [ ${str} == 'root' ]; then
        echo "${str}字符串与root相等"
    fi
    
unset myUrl #删除变量
echo $myUrl

var1=10
var2=20
var3=`expr $var2 / $var1`
echo "The result is $var3"

function factorial {
	if [ $1 -eq 1 ]
	then
		echo 1
	else
		local temp=$[ $1 -1 ]
		local result=`factorial $temp`
		echo $[ $result * $1 ]
	fi
}

read -p "Please input a value: " value
result=`factorial $value`
echo "The factorial of $value is: $result"


#累加计算******************
function addarray {
	local sum=0
	local newarray
	newarray=(`echo "$@"`)
	for value in ${newarray[*]}
	do
		sum=$[ $sum + $value ]
	done
	echo $sum
}

myarray=(1 2 3 4 5)
echo "The original array is : ${myarray[*]}"
arg1=`echo ${myarray[*]}`
result=`addarray $arg1`
echo "The result is $result"

#全局变量
function func1 {
	temp=$[ $value + 5 ]
	result=$[ $temp * 2 ]
}

temlp=4
value=6

func1
echo "The result is $result"

if [ $temp -gt $value ]
then
	echo "Temp is larger"
else
	echo "temp is smaller"
fi


#返回数组***************
function arraydblr {
	local origarry
	local newarray
	local elements
	local i
	origarry=(`echo "$@"`)
	newarray=(`echo "$@"`)
	elements=$[ $# - 1 ]
	for (( i=0; i<=$elements; i++ ))
	{
		newarray[$i]=$[ ${origarry[$i]} * 2 ]
	}

	echo ${newarray[*]}
}

myarray=(1 2 3 4 5)
echo "The original array is : ${myarray[*]}"
arg1=`echo ${myarray[*]}`
result=(`arraydblr $arg1`)
echo "The new array is : ${result[*]}"

#函数传递数组*************
function testit {
	echo "The parameters are : $@"
	
	#函数只会读取数组变量的第一个值
	thisarray=$1
	echo "The received array is ${thisarray[*]}"

	local newarray
	newarray=(`echo "$@"`)
	echo "The new array value is : ${newarray[*]}"
}

myarray=(1 2 3 4 5)
echo "The original array is : ${myarray[*]}"

#将数组变量当成一个函数参数，函数只会去函数变量第一个值
#testit $myarray

testit ${myarray[*]}

#函数中使用参数**********
function addem {
	if [ $# -eq 0 ] || [ $# -gt 2 ]
	then 
		echo -1
	elif [ $# -eq 1 ]
	then 
		echo $[ $1 + $1 ]
	else
		echo $[ $1 + $2 ]
	fi
}

echo -n "Adding 10 and 15:"
value=`addem 10 15`
echo $value

echo -n "Let's try adding just one number: "
value=`addem 10`
echo $value

echo -n "Now trying adding no number: "
value=`addem`
echo $value

echo -n "Finally, try adding three or more numbers: "
value=`addem 10 15 20`
echo $value

#默认推出码*******************
# testing the exit status of a function

func1() {
	echo "Trying to display a non-existent file"
	ls -l badfile
}

#由于最后一条命令未执行成功，返回的状态码非0
echo "testing the function"
func1
echo "The exit status is : $?"

func2() {
	ls -l badfile
	echo "Another test to display a non-existent file"
}

#由于最后一条命令echo执行成功，返回的状态码为0
echo "Another test"
func2
echo "The exit status is : $?"

#使用msgbox部件 **********
dialog --title text --msgbox "This is a test" 10 20

#菜单************
function menu {
	clear
	echo
	echo -e "\t\tSys Admin Menu\n"
	echo -e "\t1. Display disk space"
	echo -e "\t2. Display logged on users"
	echo -e "\t3. Display memory usage"
	echo -e "\t0. Exit program\n\n"
	echo -en "\t\tEnter option:"
	read -n 1 option
}

function diskspace {
	clear 
	df -k
}

function whoseon {
	clear
	who
}

function menusage {
	clear
	cat /proc/meminfo
}

while [ 1 ]
do
	menu
	case $option in
	0) 
		break;;
	1) 
		diskspace;;
	2)
		whoseon;;
	3)
		menusage;;
	*)
		clear
		echo "Sorry, wrong selection";;
	esac
	echo -en "\n\n\t\tHit any key to continue"
	read -n 1 line
done
clear

#选择菜单***********
function diskspace {
	clear 
	df -k
}

function whoseon {
	clear
	who
}

function menusage {
	clear
	cat /proc/meminfo
}

PS3="Enter option:"
select option in "Display disk space" "Display logged on users" "Display memory usage" "Exit program"
do
	case $option in
	"Exit program")
		break;;
	"Display disk space")
		diskspace;;
	"Display logged on users")
		whoseon;;
	"Display memory usage")
		menusage;;
	*)
		clear
		echo "Sorry, wrong selection";;
	esac
done
clear