Hibernate---映射的终极演示[转]

一. 一对一主键关联映射单向
一对一主键关联映射就是要让两个实体对象的id保持相同，这样可以避免多余的字段被创建
下面我们用实例来说明
我们定义两个类
Person(人)-------->Card(身份证)
1.创建Card.java

package www.cr198.com; public class Card { private int id; private String cardNo; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getCardNo() { return cardNo; } public void setCardNo(String cardNo) { this.cardNo = cardNo; } }  

2.创建Person.java

package www.cr198.com; public class Person { private int id; private String name; private Card card; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Card getCard() { return card; } public void setCard(Card card) { this.card = card; } }

3.创建Person.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="www.cr198.com.Person" table="t_person"> <id name="id"><!-- person的主键来源Card，也就是共享Card的主键 --> <generator class="foreign"> <param name="property">Card</param> </generator> </id> <property name="name"/> <!-- one-to-one标签的含义，指示hibernate怎么加载它的关联对象，默认根据主键加载， constrained="true",表明当前主键上存在一个约束，person的主键作为外键参照了Card --> <one-to-one name="card" constrained="true"/> </class> </hibernate-mapping>

4.创建Card.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="www.cr198.com.Card" table="t_card"> <id name="id"> <generator class="native"/> </id> <property name="cardNo"/> </class> </hibernate-mapping>

 

二. 一对一主键关联映射双向

hibernate一对一主键关联映射（双向关联Person<---->Card）
需要在Card映射文件中加入<one-to-one>标签指向person，指示hibernate如何加载person
默认根据主键加载
Card.hbm.xml 文件只需要添加 <one-to-one name="person"/>

<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="www.cr198.com.Card" table="t_card"> <id name="id"> <generator class="native"/> </id> <property name="cardNo"/> <one-to-one name="person"/> </class> </hibernate-mapping>

 

三.hibernate一对一唯一外键关联映射（单向关联Person---->Card）
一对唯一外键关联映射是多对一关联映射的特例
可以采用<many-to-one>标签，指定多的一端的unique=true，这样就限制了多的一端的多重性为一
通过这种手段映射一对一唯一外键关联
在上面的代码中Card.java Person.java Card.hbm.xml 都不变
我们只是需要修改Person.hbm.xml如下:

<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="www.cr198.com.Person" table="t_person"> <id name="id"> <generator class="native"/> </id> <property name="name"/> <many-to-one name="card" unique="true"/> </class> </hibernate-mapping>

 

四.hibernate一对一唯一外键关联映射（双向关联Person<---->Card）

一对一唯一外键关联双向，需要在另一端（card），添加<one-to-one>标签，指示hibernate如何加载其关联对象，默认根据主键加载person，外键关联映射中，因为两个实体采用的是person的外键维护的关系，所以不能指定主键加载person，而要根据person的外键加载，所以采用如下映射方式：
<one-to-one name="person" property-ref="card"/>
在以上的基础上 我们的代码如下:
Card.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="www.cr198.com.Card" table="t_idcard"> <id name="id"> <generator class="native"/> </id> <property name="cardNo"/> <one-to-one name="person" property-ref="card"/> </class> </hibernate-mapping>

 

五.hihernate一对多关联映射（单向Classes----->Student）

一对多关联映射利用了多对一关联映射原理

多对一关联映射：在多的一端加入一个外键指向一的一端，它维护的关系是多指向一
一对多关联映射：在多的一端加入一个外键指向一的一端，它维护的关系是一指向多

也就是说一对多和多对一的映射策略是一样的，只是站的角度不同
在一的一端维护关系的缺点：
          如果将t_student表里的classesid字段设置为非空，则无法保存
             因为不是在student这一端维护关系，所以student不知道是哪个班的，
          所以需要发出多余的update语句来更新关系

下面用实例来说明:
1.创建Student.java

package com.cr198.hibernate; public class Student { private int id; private String name; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } }

2.创建Classes.java

package com.cr198.hibernate; import java.util.Set; public class Classes { private int id; private String name; private Set students; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Set getStudents() { return students; } public void setStudents(Set students) { this.students = students; } }

3.创建 Student.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="com.cr198.hibernate.Student" table="t_student"> <id name="id"> <generator class="native"/> </id> <property name="name"/> </class> </hibernate-mapping>

4.创建Classes.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping package="com.cr198.hibernate"> <class name="Classes" table="t_classes"> <id name="id"> <generator class="native"/> </id> <property name="name"/> <set name="students"> <key column="classesid"/> <one-to-many class="Student"/> </set> </class> </hibernate-mapping>

 

六.hihernate一对多关联映射双向（Classes<----->Student）

一对多双向关联映射：
         在one to one 端的集合上使用<key>，在对方表中加入一个外键指向one to one端
         在many to one端采用<many-to-one>
       
注意：<key>标签指定的外键字段必须和<many-to-one>指定的外键字段一致，否则引用字段的错误
       
如果在一的一端维护一对多关联关系，hibernate会发出多余的udpate语句，所以我们一般在多
的一端来维护关联关系

关于inverse属性：
        inverse主要用在一对多和多对多双向关联上，inverse可以被设置到集合标签<set>上，
        默认inverse为false，所以我们可以从一的一端和”多“一端维护关联关系，
        如果设置成inverse为true，则我们只能从多一端来维护关联关系
       
        注意：inverse属性，只影响数据的存储，也就是持久化
               
inverse和cascade
        inverse是关联关系的控制方向
         cascade操作上的连锁反应

在上例的基础上我们需要修改 Classes.hbm.xml 如下:

<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping package="com.cr198.hibernate"> <class name="Classes" table="t_classes"> <id name="id"> <generator class="native"/> </id> <property name="name"/> <set name="students" inverse="true" cascade="all"> <key column="classesid"/> <one-to-many class="Student"/> </set> </class> </hibernate-mapping>

Student.hbm.java如下

<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="com.cr198.hibernate.Student" table="t_student"> <id name="id"> <generator class="native"/> </id> <property name="name"/> <many-to-one name="classes" column="classesid"/> </class> </hibernate-mapping>

 

Student.java

package com.cr198.hibernate; public class Student { private int id; private String name; private Classes classes; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Classes getClasses() { return classes; } public void setClasses(Classes classes) { this.classes = classes; } }

hibernate多对一关联映射
关联映射的本质：
         将关联关系映射到数据库，所谓的关联关系是对象模型在内存中的一个或多个引用
<many-to-one>会在多的一端加入一个外键，指向一的一端，这个外键是由<many-to-one>
中的column属性定义的，如果忽略了这个属性那么默认的外键与实体的属性一致
<many-to-one>标签的定义示例：
          <many-to-one name="group" column="groupid"/>

实例如下:
User.java

package com.cr198.hibernate; public class User { private int id; private String name; private Group group; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Group getGroup() { return group; } public void setGroup(Group group) { this.group = group; } }

Group.java

package com.cr198.hibernate; public class Group { private int id; private String name; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } }

User.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="com.cr198.hibernate.User" table="t_user"> <id name="id"> <generator class="native"/> </id> <property name="name"/> <many-to-one name="group" column="groupid"/> </class> </hibernate-mapping>

Group.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="com.cr198.hibernate.Group" table="t_group"> <id name="id"> <generator class="native"/> </id> <property name="name"/> </class> </hibernate-mapping>

 

 

八.hibernate多对多关联映射(单向User---->Role) 具体映射方式：
        <set name="roles" table="t_user_role">
                <key column="userid"/>
                <many-to-many class="com.bjsxt.hibernate.Role" column="roleid"/>
        </set>
下面用实例说明:
User.java

package com.cr198.hibernate; import java.util.Set; public class User { private int id; private String name; private Set roles; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Set getRoles() { return roles; } public void setRoles(Set roles) { this.roles = roles; } }

 

Role.java

package com.cr198.hibernate; public class Role { private int id; private String name; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } }

User.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="com.cr198.hibernate.User" table="t_user"> <id name="id"> <generator class="native"/> </id> <property name="name"/> <set name="roles" table="t_user_role"> <key column="userid"/> <many-to-many class="com.cr198.hibernate.Role" column="roleid"/> </set> </class> </hibernate-mapping>

Role.hbm.java

<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="com.cr198.hibernate.Role" table="t_role"> <id name="id"> <generator class="native"/> </id> <property name="name"/> </class> </hibernate-mapping>

 

 

九.hibernate多对多关联映射(双向User<---->Role)
映射方法：
        <set name="roles" table="t_user_role">
                <key column="userid"/>
                <many-to-many class="com.cr198.hibernate.Role" column="roleid"/>
        </set>

table属性值必须和单向关联中的table属性值一致
<key>中column属性值要与单向关联中的<many-to-many>标签中的column属性值一致
在<many-to-many>中的column属性值要与单向关联中<key>标签的column属性值一致
实例:
User.java

package com.cr198.hibernate; import java.util.Set; public class User { private int id; private String name; private Set roles; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Set getRoles() { return roles; } public void setRoles(Set roles) { this.roles = roles; } }

Role.java

package com.cr198.hibernate; import java.util.Set; public class Role { private int id; private String name; private Set users; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Set getUsers() { return users; } public void setUsers(Set users) { this.users = users; } }

User.hbm.java

<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="com.cr198.hibernate.User" table="t_user"> <id name="id"> <generator class="native"/> </id> <property name="name"/> <set name="roles" table="t_user_role"> <key column="userid"/> <many-to-many class="com.cr198.hibernate.Role" column="roleid"/> </set> </class> </hibernate-mapping>

Role.hbm.java

<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="com.cr198.hibernate.Role" table="t_role"> <id name="id"> <generator class="native"/> </id> <property name="name"/> <set name="users" table="t_user_role" order-by="userid"> <key column="roleid"/> <many-to-many class="com.cr198.hibernate.User" column="userid"/> </set> </class> </hibernate-mapping>