算法导论复习(4) floyd算法

           Floyd算法是解决所有结点对的最短路径问题。算法运行时间为θ(V^3)。

算法分析:
Floyd算法考虑的是一条最短路径的中间节点,即简单路径p={v1,v2,…,vn}上除v1和vn的任意节点。
设k是p的一个中间节点,那么从i到j的最短路径p就被分成i到k和k到j的两段最短路径p1,p2。p1是从i到k且中间节点属于{1,2,…,k-1}取得的一条最短路径。p2是从k到j且中间节点属于{1,2,…,k-1}取得的一条最短路径。
由此可以写递归式:
当k=0时,就是i和j之间没有节点,最短路径就是i到j的权值
当k>=1时,下面图中路径选最短
这里写图片描述
递归式:
这里写图片描述

代码实现
a.伪代码

FLOYD-WARSHALL(W)
n=W.rows
D=W
for k=1 to n
 for i=1 to n
 for j=1 to n
 d(ij)=min(d(ij)+d(ji))
 return D

b.(学校上机题)
All-pairs shortest paths. The adjacency matrix is as same as that of problem 3.
A->B -1 A->C 3
B->C 3 B->D 2 B->E 2
D->B 1 D->C 5
E->D -3

package 算法导论上机;

public class Allpairs {
    public static void FLOYD(int [][] w,int n){
        int [][] p=new int[n][n];
        int [][] m=new int[n][n];
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
            for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
                if(w[i][j]<Integer.MAX_VALUE){      
                    m[i][j]=j;
                }else{
                    m[i][j]=-1;
                }
                p[i][j]=w[i][j];
            }
        }

        for(int a=0;a<n;a++){
            for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
                for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
                    if(p[i][j]>p[i][a]+p[a][j]){
                        p[i][j]=p[i][a]+p[a][j];
                        m[i][j]=m[i][a];
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
        {
            for(int j=0;j<n;j++)
            {
                System.out.print(m[i][j]+" ");
            }
            System.out.println();
        }
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
            for(int j=0;j<n;j++){
                System.out.println(i+"到"+j+"的最短路径:");
                if(m[i][j]==-1){
                    System.out.println("no");
                }else{
                    System.out.println(m[i][j]);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String [] args){
        int [][] w={{Integer.MAX_VALUE,-1,3,Integer.MAX_VALUE,Integer.MAX_VALUE},
                        {Integer.MAX_VALUE,Integer.MAX_VALUE,3,2,2},
                        {Integer.MAX_VALUE,Integer.MAX_VALUE,Integer.MAX_VALUE,Integer.MAX_VALUE,Integer.MAX_VALUE},
                        {Integer.MAX_VALUE,1,5,Integer.MAX_VALUE,Integer.MAX_VALUE},
                        {Integer.MAX_VALUE,Integer.MAX_VALUE,Integer.MAX_VALUE,-3,Integer.MAX_VALUE}                
        };
        Allpairs.FLOYD(w, 5);
    }



}
Practice 1 Date: Monday, March 18th, 2013 We highly encourage being environment friendly and trying all problems on your own. Implement exercise 2.3-7. Implement priority queue. Implement Quicksort and answer the following questions. (1) How many comparisons will Quicksort do on a list of n elements that all have the same value? (2) What are the maximum and minimum number of comparisons will Quicksort do on a list of n elements, give an instance for maximum and minimum case respectively. Give a divide and conquer algorithm for the following problem: you are given two sorted lists of size m and n, and are allowed unit time access to the ith element of each list. Give an O(lg m + lgn) time algorithm for computing the kth largest element in the union of the two lists. (For simplicity, you can assume that the elements of the two lists are distinct). Practice 2 Date: Monday, April 1st, 2013 We highly encourage being environment friendly and trying all problems on your own. Matrix-chain product. The following are some instances. Longest Common Subsequence (LCS). The following are some instances. X: xzyzzyx Y: zxyyzxz X:MAEEEVAKLEKHLMLLRQEYVKLQKKLAETEKRCALLAAQANKESSSESFISRLLAIVAD Y:MAEEEVAKLEKHLMLLRQEYVKLQKKLAETEKRCTLLAAQANKENSNESFISRLLAIVAG Longest Common Substring. The following are some instances. X: xzyzzyx Y: zxyyzxz X:MAEEEVAKLEKHLMLLRQEYVKLQKKLAETEKRCALLAAQANKESSSESFISRLLAIVAD Y:MAEEEVAKLEKHLMLLRQEYVKLQKKLAETEKRCTLLAAQANKENSNESFISRLLAIVAG Max Sum. The following is an instance. (-2,11,-4,13,-5,-2) Shortest path in multistage graphs. Find the shortest path from 0 to 15 for the following graph.   A multistage graph is a graph (1) G=(V,E) with V partitioned into K >= 2 disjoint subsets such that if (a,b) is in E, then a is in Vi , and b is in Vi+1 for some subsets in the partition; and (2) | V1 | = | VK | = 1.     Practice 3 Date: Monday, April 15th, 2013 We highly encourage being environment friendly and trying all problems on your own. Knapsack Problem. There are 5 items that have a value and weight list below, the knapsack can contain at most 100 Lbs. Solve the problem both as fractional knapsack and 0/1 knapsack. A simple scheduling problem. We are given jobs j1, j2… jn, all with known running times t1, t2… tn, respectively. We have a single processor. What is the best way to schedule these jobs in order to minimize the average completion time. Assume that it is a nonpreemptive scheduling: once a job is started, it must run to completion. The following is an instance. (j1, j2, j3, j4) : (15,8,3,10) Single-source shortest paths. The following is the adjacency matrix, vertex A is the source.  A B C D E A -1 3 B 3 2 2 C D 1 5 E -3 All-pairs shortest paths. The adjacency matrix is as same as that of problem 3.(Use Floyd or Johnson’s algorithm)     Practice 4 Date: Monday, May 8th, 2013 We highly encourage being environment friendly and trying all problems on your own. 0/1 Knapsack Problem. There are 5 items that have a value and weight list below, the knapsack can contain at most 100 Lbs. Solve the problem using back-tracking algorithm and try to draw the tree generated. Solve the 8-Queen problem using back-tracking algorithm.    
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