new/delete, malloc/free的用法及其例证

new/delete关键字用法

与malloc,free的区别：

malloc,free是函数，需要包含头文件<malloc.h>、<cstdlib>/<stdlib.h>，而new/delete是操作符，不需要包含任何头文件；

int *t_p1 = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int));

*t_p1 = 100;

cout << "*t_p1 : " << *t_P1 << endl;

free(t_p1);

t_p1 = NULL;

      int  *t_p3  =   new   int( 88);         //分配4个字节的空间同时赋值

      int  *t_p4  =   new   int[ 10];     //分配40个字节的空间

#include <iostream>

#include <cstdlib>                  //包含malloc头文件或者malloc.h

using namespace std;

int main()

{

#if 0

    int i, n;

    char *buffer;

    cout << "How long do you want the string ?\n" ;

    cin >> i;

    buffer = (char *) malloc (i + 1);

    if (buffer == NULL )

        exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);

    for (n = 0; n < i; n++)

    {

        buffer[n] = rand()%26+'a';

    }

    buffer[i] = '\0';

    cout << "Random string: " << buffer << endl;

    free(buffer);

#endif

    int *t_p1 = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int));

    *t_p1 = 100;

    cout << "*t_p1 = " << *t_p1 << "\t t_p1 = " << t_p1 << endl;

    free(t_p1);

     t_p1 = NULL;

     cout << "===========================================\n";

     int *t_p2 = new int;

     *t_p2 = 20;

     cout << "*t_p2 = " << *t_p2 << "\t t_p2 = " << t_p2 << endl;

     delete(t_p2);

     t_p2 = NULL;

     cout << "===========================================\n";

     int *t_p3 = new int(88);       //赋值

     cout << "*t_p3 = " << *t_p3 << "\t t_p3 = " << t_p3 << endl;

     delete t_p3;

     t_p3 = NULL;

     cout << "sizeof(int(88)) = " << sizeof(int(88)) << endl;

     cout << "===========================================\n";

     int *t_p4 = new int[10];   //分配10个int 空间 40 bytes

     for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)

     {

         t_p4[i] = i + 1;

         cout << " " << t_p4[i];

     }

     cout << endl;

     cout << "t_p4 = " << t_p4 << endl;

     cout << "sizeof(int[10]) = " <<sizeof(int[10]) << endl;

     delete [] t_p4;

     t_p4 = NULL;

     cout << "================pointer array1===========================\n";

     int *t_array1[3];

     for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)

     {

         t_array1[i] = new int [4];

         for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)

         {

             t_array1[i][j] = i + j + 1;

         }

     }

     for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)

     {

         for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)

         {

             cout << t_array1[i][j] << " ";

         }

         cout << endl;

     }

     //释放资源

     for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)

     {

         delete [] t_array1[i];

         t_array1[i] = NULL;

     }

     cout << sizeof(t_array1) << "\t"<< t_array1 <<endl;

     cout << "=================pointer array2=======================\n";

     char *t_array2[5];

     for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)

     {

         t_array2[i] = new char[6];

         for (int j = 0; j < 6; j++)

         {

             t_array2[i][j] = i + j + 'a';

         }

     }

     for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)

     {

         for (int j = 0; j < 6; j++)

         {

             cout << t_array2[i][j] << " ";

         }

         cout << endl;

     }

     for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)

     {

         delete [] t_array2[i];

         t_array2[i] = NULL;

     }

     cout << "=================array pointer=======================\n";

     int (*t_arrar3)[3] = new int [4][3];

     for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)

     {

         for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)

         {

             t_arrar3[i][j] = i + j + 1;

         }

     }

     for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)

     {

         for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)

         {

             cout << "t_array[" << i << "][" << j << "] = " << t_arrar3[i][j] << " ";

         }

         cout << endl;

     }

     //释放资源

     delete [] t_arrar3;

     t_arrar3 = NULL;

    cout << "Hello World!" << endl;

    return 0;

}

运行结果如下：

着重理解int *a[3]和int (*a)[3]区别：前者是确定一维，后者是确定二维；

===================================================================================================

在类中的用法：

#ifndef STUDENT_H

#define STUDENT_H

#include <iostream>

#include <string>

using namespace std;

class student

{

public:

    student()

    {

        cout << "student()" << endl;

        m_name = "Jack";

        m_ID = "001";

        m_age = 20;

    }

    student(const string &t_name, const string &t_ID, int t_age)

        :m_name(t_name), m_ID(t_ID), m_age(t_age)

    {

        cout << "student(...)" << endl;

    }

    ~student()

    {

        cout << "~student()" << endl;

    }

    void print()

    {

        cout << "student name : " << m_name << " ID : " << m_ID << " age : " << m_age << endl;

    }

private:

    string m_name;

    string m_ID;

    int m_age;

};

#endif // STUDENT_H

---

#include <iostream>

#include "student.h"

using namespace std;

int main()

{

    //new一个类的对象,会自动调用该类的相应的构造函数

    student *t_student1 = new student("Mack","003",30);

    student  t_student3;

    t_student1->print();

    t_student3.print();

    //delete一个类的对象,会自动调用该类的析构函数

    delete t_student1;

    t_student1 = NULL;

    cout << "111111111111111111" << endl;

    student *t_student2 = new student[3]{student("Jim","005", 20), student("Lucy","006",30)}; //-std = c++11

    for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++)

    {

        t_student2[i].print();

        cout << endl;

    }

    delete [] t_student2;

    t_student2 = NULL;

    cout << "2222222222222222222" << endl;

    student *t_array1[3];

    for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++)      //分配六个,调用六次构造函数

    {

        t_array1[i] = new student[2];

    }

    //释放资源

    for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++)

    {

        delete [] t_array1[i];

        t_array1[i] = NULL;

    }

    cout << "3333333333333333333333" << endl;

    student (*t_array2)[3] = new student[2][3];

    //释放资源

    delete [] t_array2;

    t_array2 = NULL;

    cout << "Hello World!" << endl;

    return 0;

}

New/delete与类的构造函数，析构函数的关系；

//new 一个类的对象，会自动调用该类的相应的构造函数

Person *t_p1 = new Person;

t_p1->print();

//delete一个类的对象，会自动调用该类的相应的析构函数

delete t_p1;

t_p1 = NULL;

Person *t_p2 = new Person[2];     //无参

Person *t_p2 = new Person[2]{student(..),student(..)};     //有参std=c11

Person (*t_p3)[ 3] = new Person[2][ 3];  //数组指针 

for(int i = 0; i < 2; i++)

{

     for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)

     {

        cout << "t_p3["  << i << "]["<< j << "] = " << t_p3[i][j];

     }

     cout << endl;

}

delete [ .] t_p3;

t_p3 =NULL;

Person *t_p4[3];     //指针数组

for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++)

{

    t_p4[i] = new Person[2];

}

for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++)     

{

delete [.] t_p4[i];

t_p4[i] = NULL;

}