如果您一直关注OneCoder，我们之前有两篇文章介绍关于Netty消息连续收发的问题。( 《Java NIO框架Netty教程(五) 消息收发次数不匹配的问题 》、《 Java NIO框架Netty教程(七)-再谈收发信息次数问题 》)。如果您经常的“怀疑”和思考，我们刚介绍过了Object的传递，您是否好奇，在Object传递中是否会有这样的问题？如果Object流的字节截断错乱，那肯定是会出错的。Netty一定不会这么傻的，那么Netty是怎么做的呢？
我们先通过代码验证一下是否有这样的问题。（有问题的可能性几乎没有。）
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/**
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* 当绑定到服务端的时候触发，给服务端发消息。
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*
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* @author lihzh
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* @alia OneCoder
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*/www.it165.net
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@Override
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public void channelConnected(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelStateEvent e) {
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// 向服务端发送Object信息
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sendObject(e.getChannel());
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}
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/**
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* 发送Object
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*
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* @param channel
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* @author lihzh
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* @alia OneCoder
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*/
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private void sendObject(Channel channel) {
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Command command = new Command();
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command.setActionName("Hello action.");
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Command commandOne = new Command();
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commandOne.setActionName("Hello action. One");
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Command command2 = new Command();
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command2.setActionName("Hello action. Two");
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channel.write(command2);
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channel.write(command);
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channel.write(commandOne);
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}
打印结果：
Hello action. Two
Hello action.
Hello action. One
一切正常。那么Netty是怎么分割对象流的呢？看看ObjectDecoder怎么做的。
在ObjectDecoder的基类LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder中注释中有详细的说明。我们这里主要介绍一下关键的代码逻辑：
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@Override
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protected Object decode(
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ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Channel channel, ChannelBuffer buffer) throws Exception {
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if (discardingTooLongFrame) {
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long bytesToDiscard = this.bytesToDiscard;
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int localBytesToDiscard = (int) Math.min(bytesToDiscard, buffer.readableBytes());
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buffer.skipBytes(localBytesToDiscard);
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bytesToDiscard -= localBytesToDiscard;
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this.bytesToDiscard = bytesToDiscard;
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failIfNecessary(ctx, false);
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return null;
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}
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if (buffer.readableBytes() < lengthFieldEndOffset) {
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return null;
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}
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int actualLengthFieldOffset = buffer.readerIndex() + lengthFieldOffset;
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long frameLength;
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switch (lengthFieldLength) {
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case 1:
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frameLength = buffer.getUnsignedByte(actualLengthFieldOffset);
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break;
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case 2:
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frameLength = buffer.getUnsignedShort(actualLengthFieldOffset);
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break;
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case 3:
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frameLength = buffer.getUnsignedMedium(actualLengthFieldOffset);
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break;
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case 4:
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frameLength = buffer.getUnsignedInt(actualLengthFieldOffset);
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break;
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……
我们这里进入的是4，还记得在编码时候的开头的4位占位字节吗？跟踪进去发现。
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public int getInt(int index) {
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return (array[index] & 0xff) << 24 |
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(array[index + 1] & 0xff) << 16 |
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(array[index + 2] & 0xff) << 8 |
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(array[index + 3] & 0xff) << 0;
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}
原来，当初在编码时，在流开头增加的4字节的字符是做这个的。他记录了当前了这个对象流的长度，便于在解码时候准确的计算出该对象流的长度，正确解码。看来，我们如果我们自己写的对象编码解码的工具，要考虑的还有很多啊。
附：LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder的JavaDoc
001.
/**
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* A decoder that splits the received {@link ChannelBuffer}s dynamically by the
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* value of the length field in the message. It is particularly useful when you
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* decode a binary message which has an integer header field that represents the
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* length of the message body or the whole message.
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* <p>
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* {@link LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder} has many configuration parameters so
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* that it can decode any message with a length field, which is often seen in
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* proprietary client-server protocols. Here are some example that will give
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* you the basic idea on which option does what.
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*
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* <h3>2 bytes length field at offset 0, do not strip header</h3>
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*
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* The value of the length field in this example is <tt>12 (0x0C)</tt> which
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* represents the length of "HELLO, WORLD". By default, the decoder assumes
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* that the length field represents the number of the bytes that follows the
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* length field. Therefore, it can be decoded with the simplistic parameter
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* combination.
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* <pre>
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* <b>lengthFieldOffset</b> = <b>0</b>
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* <b>lengthFieldLength</b> = <b>2</b>
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* lengthAdjustment = 0
023.
* initialBytesToStrip = 0 (= do not strip header)
024.
*
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* BEFORE DECODE (14 bytes) AFTER DECODE (14 bytes)
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* +——–+—————-+ +——–+—————-+
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* | Length | Actual Content |—–>| Length | Actual Content |
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* | 0x000C | "HELLO, WORLD" | | 0x000C | "HELLO, WORLD" |
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* +——–+—————-+ +——–+—————-+
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* </pre>
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*
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* <h3>2 bytes length field at offset 0, strip header</h3>
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*
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* Because we can get the length of the content by calling
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* {@link ChannelBuffer#readableBytes()}, you might want to strip the length
036.
* field by specifying <tt>initialBytesToStrip</tt>. In this example, we
037.
* specified <tt>2</tt>, that is same with the length of the length field, to
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* strip the first two bytes.
039.
* <pre>
040.
* lengthFieldOffset = 0
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* lengthFieldLength = 2
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* lengthAdjustment = 0
043.
* <b>initialBytesToStrip</b> = <b>2</b> (= the length of the Length field)
044.
*
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* BEFORE DECODE (14 bytes) AFTER DECODE (12 bytes)
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* +——–+—————-+ +—————-+
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* | Length | Actual Content |—–>| Actual Content |
048.
* | 0x000C | "HELLO, WORLD" | | "HELLO, WORLD" |
049.
* +——–+—————-+ +—————-+
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* </pre>
051.
*
052.
* <h3>2 bytes length field at offset 0, do not strip header, the length field
053.
* represents the length of the whole message</h3>
054.
*
055.
* In most cases, the length field represents the length of the message body
056.
* only, as shown in the previous examples. However, in some protocols, the
057.
* length field represents the length of the whole message, including the
058.
* message header. In such a case, we specify a non-zero
059.
* <tt>lengthAdjustment</tt>. Because the length value in this example message
060.
* is always greater than the body length by <tt>2</tt>, we specify <tt>-2</tt>
061.
* as <tt>lengthAdjustment</tt> for compensation.
062.
* <pre>
063.
* lengthFieldOffset = 0
064.
* lengthFieldLength = 2
065.
* <b>lengthAdjustment</b> = <b>-2</b> (= the length of the Length field)
066.
* initialBytesToStrip = 0
067.
*
068.
* BEFORE DECODE (14 bytes) AFTER DECODE (14 bytes)
069.
* +——–+—————-+ +——–+—————-+
070.
* | Length | Actual Content |—–>| Length | Actual Content |
071.
* | 0x000E | "HELLO, WORLD" | | 0x000E | "HELLO, WORLD" |
072.
* +——–+—————-+ +——–+—————-+
073.
* </pre>
074.
*
075.
* <h3>3 bytes length field at the end of 5 bytes header, do not strip header</h3>
076.
*
077.
* The following message is a simple variation of the first example. An extra
078.
* header value is prepended to the message. <tt>lengthAdjustment</tt> is zero
079.
* again because the decoder always takes the length of the prepended data into
080.
* account during frame length calculation.
081.
* <pre>
082.
* <b>lengthFieldOffset</b> = <b>2</b> (= the length of Header 1)
083.
* <b>lengthFieldLength</b> = <b>3</b>
084.
* lengthAdjustment = 0
085.
* initialBytesToStrip = 0
086.
*
087.
* BEFORE DECODE (17 bytes) AFTER DECODE (17 bytes)
088.
* +———-+———-+—————-+ +———-+———-+—————-+
089.
* | Header 1 | Length | Actual Content |—–>| Header 1 | Length | Actual Content |
090.
* | 0xCAFE | 0x00000C | "HELLO, WORLD" | | 0xCAFE | 0x00000C | "HELLO, WORLD" |
091.
* +———-+———-+—————-+ +———-+———-+—————-+
092.
* </pre>
093.
*
094.
* <h3>3 bytes length field at the beginning of 5 bytes header, do not strip header</h3>
095.
*
096.
* This is an advanced example that shows the case where there is an extra
097.
* header between the length field and the message body. You have to specify a
098.
* positive <tt>lengthAdjustment</tt> so that the decoder counts the extra
099.
* header into the frame length calculation.
100.
* <pre>
101.
* lengthFieldOffset = 0
102.
* lengthFieldLength = 3
103.
* <b>lengthAdjustment</b> = <b>2</b> (= the length of Header 1)
104.
* initialBytesToStrip = 0
105.
*
106.
* BEFORE DECODE (17 bytes) AFTER DECODE (17 bytes)
107.
* +———-+———-+—————-+ +———-+———-+—————-+
108.
* | Length | Header 1 | Actual Content |—–>| Length | Header 1 | Actual Content |
109.
* | 0x00000C | 0xCAFE | "HELLO, WORLD" | | 0x00000C | 0xCAFE | "HELLO, WORLD" |
110.
* +———-+———-+—————-+ +———-+———-+—————-+
111.
* </pre>
112.
*
113.
* <h3>2 bytes length field at offset 1 in the middle of 4 bytes header,
114.
* strip the first header field and the length field</h3>
115.
*
116.
* This is a combination of all the examples above. There are the prepended
117.
* header before the length field and the extra header after the length field.
118.
* The prepended header affects the <tt>lengthFieldOffset</tt> and the extra
119.
* header affects the <tt>lengthAdjustment</tt>. We also specified a non-zero
120.
* <tt>initialBytesToStrip</tt> to strip the length field and the prepended
121.
* header from the frame. If you don't want to strip the prepended header, you
122.
* could specify <tt>0</tt> for <tt>initialBytesToSkip</tt>.
123.
* <pre>
124.
* lengthFieldOffset = 1 (= the length of HDR1)
125.
* lengthFieldLength = 2
126.
* <b>lengthAdjustment</b> = <b>1</b> (= the length of HDR2)
127.
* <b>initialBytesToStrip</b> = <b>3</b> (= the length of HDR1 + LEN)
128.
*
129.
* BEFORE DECODE (16 bytes) AFTER DECODE (13 bytes)
130.
* +——+——–+——+—————-+ +——+—————-+
131.
* | HDR1 | Length | HDR2 | Actual Content |—–>| HDR2 | Actual Content |
132.
* | 0xCA | 0x000C | 0xFE | "HELLO, WORLD" | | 0xFE | "HELLO, WORLD" |
133.
* +——+——–+——+—————-+ +——+—————-+
134.
* </pre>
135.
*
136.
* <h3>2 bytes length field at offset 1 in the middle of 4 bytes header,
137.
* strip the first header field and the length field, the length field
138.
* represents the length of the whole message</h3>
139.
*
140.
* Let's give another twist to the previous example. The only difference from
141.
* the previous example is that the length field represents the length of the
142.
* whole message instead of the message body, just like the third example.
143.
* We have to count the length of HDR1 and Length into <tt>lengthAdjustment</tt>.
144.
* Please note that we don't need to take the length of HDR2 into account
145.
* because the length field already includes the whole header length.
146.
* <pre>
147.
* lengthFieldOffset = 1
148.
* lengthFieldLength = 2
149.
* <b>lengthAdjustment</b> = <b>-3</b> (= the length of HDR1 + LEN, negative)
150.
* <b>initialBytesToStrip</b> = <b> 3</b>
151.
*
152.
* BEFORE DECODE (16 bytes) AFTER DECODE (13 bytes)
153.
* +——+——–+——+—————-+ +——+—————-+
154.
* | HDR1 | Length | HDR2 | Actual Content |—–>| HDR2 | Actual Content |
155.
* | 0xCA | 0×0010 | 0xFE | "HELLO, WORLD" | | 0xFE | "HELLO, WORLD" |
156.
* +——+——–+——+—————-+ +——+—————-+
157.
* </pre>
158.
*
159.
* @see LengthFieldPrepender
160.
*/
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