Maven Pom文件详解

Pom全称Project Object Model（工程对象模型）。Pom文件是Maven运行的基础，其中详细描述了一些详细的工程配置信息。

Pom文件分类

默认Pom文件内容

<project>
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
  <repositories>
    <repository>
      <id>central</id>
      <name>Central Repository</name>
      <url>https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2</url>
      <layout>default</layout>
      <snapshots>
        <enabled>false</enabled>
      </snapshots>
    </repository>
  </repositories>
 
  <pluginRepositories>
    <pluginRepository>
      <id>central</id>
      <name>Central Repository</name>
      <url>https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2</url>
      <layout>default</layout>
      <snapshots>
        <enabled>false</enabled>
      </snapshots>
      <releases>
        <updatePolicy>never</updatePolicy>
      </releases>
    </pluginRepository>
  </pluginRepositories>
 
  <build>
    <directory>${project.basedir}/target</directory>
    <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/classes</outputDirectory>
    <finalName>${project.artifactId}-${project.version}</finalName>
    <testOutputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/test-classes</testOutputDirectory>
    <sourceDirectory>${project.basedir}/src/main/java</sourceDirectory>
    <scriptSourceDirectory>${project.basedir}/src/main/scripts</scriptSourceDirectory>
    <testSourceDirectory>${project.basedir}/src/test/java</testSourceDirectory>
    <resources>
      <resource>
        <directory>${project.basedir}/src/main/resources</directory>
      </resource>
    </resources>
    <testResources>
      <testResource>
        <directory>${project.basedir}/src/test/resources</directory>
      </testResource>
    </testResources>
    <pluginManagement>
      <!-- NOTE: These plugins will be removed from future versions of the super POM -->
      <!-- They are kept for the moment as they are very unlikely to conflict with lifecycle mappings (MNG-4453) -->
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>1.3</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.2-beta-5</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.8</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-release-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.5.3</version>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
  </build>
 
  <reporting>
    <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/site</outputDirectory>
  </reporting>
 
  <profiles>
    <!-- NOTE: The release profile will be removed from future versions of the super POM -->
    <profile>
      <id>release-profile</id>
 
      <activation>
        <property>
          <name>performRelease</name>
          <value>true</value>
        </property>
      </activation>
 
      <build>
        <plugins>
          <plugin>
            <inherited>true</inherited>
            <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
            <executions>
              <execution>
                <id>attach-sources</id>
                <goals>
                  <goal>jar-no-fork</goal>
                </goals>
              </execution>
            </executions>
          </plugin>
          <plugin>
            <inherited>true</inherited>
            <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
            <executions>
              <execution>
                <id>attach-javadocs</id>
                <goals>
                  <goal>jar</goal>
                </goals>
              </execution>
            </executions>
          </plugin>
          <plugin>
            <inherited>true</inherited>
            <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
            <configuration>
              <updateReleaseInfo>true</updateReleaseInfo>
            </configuration>
          </plugin>
        </plugins>
      </build>
    </profile>
  </profiles>
 
</project>

最小规格Pom文件

  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
  <groupId>com.mycompany.app</groupId>
  <artifactId>my-app</artifactId>
  <version>1</version>
</project>

子工程继承父工程pom配置值

|-- my-module
 |   `-- pom.xml
 `-- pom.xml

子pom文件内容

<project>
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
  <parent>
    <groupId>com.mycompany.app</groupId>
    <artifactId>my-app</artifactId>
    <version>1</version>
  </parent>
 
  <groupId>com.mycompany.app</groupId>
  <artifactId>my-module</artifactId>
  <version>1</version>
</project>

Noting：

子pom文件中的version、groupId等属性可以从父目录的pom文件中继承。

因此，子pom文件中的version、groupId标签可以删除，默认继承父级pom文件中的配置。

项目聚合Pom

父子目录结构如下

|-- my-module
 |   `-- pom.xml
 `-- parent
     `-- pom.xml

父级pom指定子模块pom文件位置：

<project>
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
  <groupId>com.mycompany.app</groupId>
  <artifactId>my-app</artifactId>
  <version>1</version>
  <packaging>pom</packaging>
 
  <modules>
    <module>../my-module</module>
  </modules>
</project>

子pom文件配置指定父pom文件位置：

<project>
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
  <parent>
    <groupId>com.mycompany.app</groupId>
    <artifactId>my-app</artifactId>
    <version>1</version>
    <relativePath>../parent/pom.xml</relativePath>
  </parent>
 
  <artifactId>my-module</artifactId>
</project>

Noting：通过relativePath标签指定子pom文件相对父pom文件所在位置。

Pom文件中定义共用变量

通过占位符<version>${project.version}</version>获取实际值。

pom中定义属性：

  <properties>
    <mavenVersion>3.0</mavenVersion>
  </properties>

pom中通过占位符获取属性值：

<dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.maven</groupId>
      <artifactId>maven-core</artifactId>
      <version>${mavenVersion}</version>
    </dependency>

通过占位符直接获取项目配置：

${project.groupId}, 
${project.version}, 
${project.build.sourceDirectory}