下面我将提供一个完整的Java实现方案，包括数据结构设计、排序算法、数据存储和展示功能。
1. 数据结构设计
首先定义一个省份(Province)和城市(City)的类结构：
java
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public class Province implements Comparable<Province> {
private String code; // 省份编码
private String name; // 省份名称
private List<City> cities; // 城市列表
// 构造方法、getter和setter省略
@Override
public int compareTo(Province o) {
return this.name.compareTo(o.getName());
}
}
public class City implements Comparable<City> {
private String code; // 城市编码
private String name; // 城市名称
private String provinceCode; // 所属省份编码
// 构造方法、getter和setter省略
@Override
public int compareTo(City o) {
return this.name.compareTo(o.getName());
}
}
2. 数据存储实现
2.1 内存存储方案
java
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public class ProvinceCityStorage {
private Map<String, Province> provinceMap = new HashMap<>();
private Map<String, City> cityMap = new HashMap<>();
// 添加省份
public void addProvince(Province province) {
provinceMap.put(province.getCode(), province);
}
// 添加城市
public void addCity(City city) {
cityMap.put(city.getCode(), city);
Province province = provinceMap.get(city.getProvinceCode());
if (province != null) {
province.getCities().add(city);
}
}
// 获取所有省份(已排序)
public List<Province> getAllProvinces() {
List<Province> provinces = new ArrayList<>(provinceMap.values());
Collections.sort(provinces);
return provinces;
}
// 获取某省份下的所有城市(已排序)
public List<City> getCitiesByProvince(String provinceCode) {
Province province = provinceMap.get(provinceCode);
if (province != null) {
List<City> cities = new ArrayList<>(province.getCities());
Collections.sort(cities);
return cities;
}
return Collections.emptyList();
}
}
2.2 数据库存储方案(使用JDBC)
java
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public class ProvinceCityDBStorage {
private Connection connection;
public ProvinceCityDBStorage(String dbUrl, String user, String password) throws SQLException {
this.connection = DriverManager.getConnection(dbUrl, user, password);
}
// 初始化表结构
public void initTables() throws SQLException {
try (Statement stmt = connection.createStatement()) {
stmt.execute("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS provinces (" +
"code VARCHAR(10) PRIMARY KEY, " +
"name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL)");
stmt.execute("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS cities (" +
"code VARCHAR(10) PRIMARY KEY, " +
"name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL, " +
"province_code VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL, " +
"FOREIGN KEY (province_code) REFERENCES provinces(code))");
}
}
// 添加省份
public void addProvince(Province province) throws SQLException {
String sql = "INSERT INTO provinces (code, name) VALUES (?, ?)";
try (PreparedStatement pstmt = connection.prepareStatement(sql)) {
pstmt.setString(1, province.getCode());
pstmt.setString(2, province.getName());
pstmt.executeUpdate();
}
}
// 添加城市
public void addCity(City city) throws SQLException {
String sql = "INSERT INTO cities (code, name, province_code) VALUES (?, ?, ?)";
try (PreparedStatement pstmt = connection.prepareStatement(sql)) {
pstmt.setString(1, city.getCode());
pstmt.setString(2, city.getName());
pstmt.setString(3, city.getProvinceCode());
pstmt.executeUpdate();
}
}
// 获取所有省份(已排序)
public List<Province> getAllProvinces() throws SQLException {
String sql = "SELECT code, name FROM provinces ORDER BY name";
List<Province> provinces = new ArrayList<>();
try (Statement stmt = connection.createStatement();
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql)) {
while (rs.next()) {
Province province = new Province();
province.setCode(rs.getString("code"));
province.setName(rs.getString("name"));
provinces.add(province);
}
}
return provinces;
}
// 获取某省份下的所有城市(已排序)
public List<City> getCitiesByProvince(String provinceCode) throws SQLException {
String sql = "SELECT code, name FROM cities WHERE province_code = ? ORDER BY name";
List<City> cities = new ArrayList<>();
try (PreparedStatement pstmt = connection.prepareStatement(sql)) {
pstmt.setString(1, provinceCode);
try (ResultSet rs = pstmt.executeQuery()) {
while (rs.next()) {
City city = new City();
city.setCode(rs.getString("code"));
city.setName(rs.getString("name"));
city.setProvinceCode(provinceCode);
cities.add(city);
}
}
}
return cities;
}
}
3. 排序功能实现
3.1 基础排序(按名称)
java
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// 在Province和City类中已经实现了Comparable接口
// 可以直接使用Collections.sort()方法排序
List<Province> provinces = storage.getAllProvinces(); // 已排序
List<City> cities = storage.getCitiesByProvince("BJ"); // 已排序
3.2 自定义排序(按编码)
java
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// 按编码排序的比较器
public class CodeComparator implements Comparator<Province> {
@Override
public int compare(Province p1, Province p2) {
return p1.getCode().compareTo(p2.getCode());
}
}
// 使用方式
List<Province> provinces = storage.getAllProvinces();
provinces.sort(new CodeComparator());
3.3 多条件排序(先按省份再按城市)
java
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public class ProvinceCityComparator implements Comparator<City> {
private Map<String, Province> provinceMap;
public ProvinceCityComparator(Map<String, Province> provinceMap) {
this.provinceMap = provinceMap;
}
@Override
public int compare(City c1, City c2) {
// 先按省份名称排序
int provinceCompare = provinceMap.get(c1.getProvinceCode()).getName()
.compareTo(provinceMap.get(c2.getProvinceCode()).getName());
if (provinceCompare != 0) {
return provinceCompare;
}
// 省份相同再按城市名称排序
return c1.getName().compareTo(c2.getName());
}
}
// 使用方式
List<City> allCities = getAllCitiesFromStorage(); // 获取所有城市
allCities.sort(new ProvinceCityComparator(provinceMap));
4. 数据展示实现
4.1 控制台展示
java
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public class ConsoleDisplay {
public static void displayProvinces(List<Province> provinces) {
System.out.println("=== 省份列表 ===");
for (Province province : provinces) {
System.out.printf("%s (%s)%n", province.getName(), province.getCode());
}
}
public static void displayCities(List<City> cities) {
System.out.println("=== 城市列表 ===");
for (City city : cities) {
System.out.printf("%s (%s)%n", city.getName(), city.getCode());
}
}
public static void displayProvinceWithCities(Province province) {
System.out.printf("=== %s (%s) 的城市列表 ===%n",
province.getName(), province.getCode());
for (City city : province.getCities()) {
System.out.printf(" - %s (%s)%n", city.getName(), city.getCode());
}
}
}
4.2 HTML展示(使用JSP)
jsp
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<%@ page import="java.util.List" %>
<%@ page import="com.example.Province" %>
<%@ page import="com.example.City" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>省份城市列表</title>
<style>
.province { margin-bottom: 20px; border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 10px; }
.city { margin-left: 20px; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>中国省份城市列表</h1>
<% List<Province> provinces = (List<Province>) request.getAttribute("provinces"); %>
<% for (Province province : provinces) { %>
<div class="province">
<h2><%= province.getName() %> (<%= province.getCode() %>)</h2>
<div class="city-list">
<% List<City> cities = province.getCities(); %>
<% for (City city : cities) { %>
<div class="city">
<%= city.getName() %> (<%= city.getCode() %>)
</div>
<% } %>
</div>
</div>
<% } %>
</body>
</html>
5. 完整示例应用
java
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public class ProvinceCityApp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 1. 初始化存储
ProvinceCityStorage storage = new ProvinceCityStorage();
// 2. 添加测试数据
Province bj = new Province("BJ", "北京");
Province sh = new Province("SH", "上海");
Province gd = new Province("GD", "广东");
storage.addProvince(bj);
storage.addProvince(sh);
storage.addProvince(gd);
storage.addCity(new City("BJ01", "东城区", "BJ"));
storage.addCity(new City("BJ02", "西城区", "BJ"));
storage.addCity(new City("SH01", "黄浦区", "SH"));
storage.addCity(new City("SH02", "徐汇区", "SH"));
storage.addCity(new City("GD01", "广州市", "GD"));
storage.addCity(new City("GD02", "深圳市", "GD"));
// 3. 获取并展示数据
List<Province> provinces = storage.getAllProvinces();
ConsoleDisplay.displayProvinces(provinces);
System.out.println();
ConsoleDisplay.displayProvinceWithCities(bj);
// 4. 自定义排序展示
System.out.println("\n=== 按编码排序的省份 ===");
provinces.sort(new CodeComparator());
ConsoleDisplay.displayProvinces(provinces);
// 5. 获取所有城市并按省份+城市名排序
List<City> allCities = new ArrayList<>();
for (Province p : provinces) {
allCities.addAll(storage.getCitiesByProvince(p.getCode()));
}
System.out.println("\n=== 所有城市(按省份+城市名排序) ===");
allCities.sort(new ProvinceCityComparator(storage.getProvinceMap()));
for (City city : allCities) {
Province p = storage.getProvinceMap().get(city.getProvinceCode());
System.out.printf("%s - %s%n", p.getName(), city.getName());
}
}
}
6. 高级功能扩展
6.1 使用Java Stream API进行复杂查询
java
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// 查找名称包含"州"的城市
List<City> zhouCities = storage.getAllCities().stream()
.filter(c -> c.getName().contains("州"))
.sorted(Comparator.comparing(City::getName))
.collect(Collectors.toList());
// 按省份分组统计城市数量
Map<String, Long> cityCountByProvince = storage.getAllCities().stream()
.collect(Collectors.groupingBy(City::getProvinceCode, Collectors.counting()));
6.2 使用JSON格式输出
java
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public class JsonUtil {
private static final Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().setPrettyPrinting().create();
public static String toJson(List<?> list) {
return gson.toJson(list);
}
}
// 使用方式
String provincesJson = JsonUtil.toJson(storage.getAllProvinces());
System.out.println(provincesJson);
6.3 添加缓存机制
java
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public class CachedProvinceCityStorage extends ProvinceCityStorage {
private List<Province> cachedProvinces;
private Map<String, List<City>> cachedCities = new HashMap<>();
@Override
public List<Province> getAllProvinces() {
if (cachedProvinces == null) {
cachedProvinces = super.getAllProvinces();
}
return cachedProvinces;
}
@Override
public List<City> getCitiesByProvince(String provinceCode) {
if (!cachedCities.containsKey(provinceCode)) {
cachedCities.put(provinceCode, super.getCitiesByProvince(provinceCode));
}
return cachedCities.get(provinceCode);
}
public void clearCache() {
cachedProvinces = null;
cachedCities.clear();
}
}
/**
* 根据省Id获取城市列表
* @date 2015-4-3 下午3:45:21
*/
private List<Map<String, Object>> getCitiesByProvinceId(String provinceId) {
// 一个省的所有城市集合 List<市信息>
List<Map<String, Object>> comCityResultList = new ArrayList<Map<String, Object>>();
// 根据省ID查询该省的所有城市
List<ComCity> comCityList = placeCityService.getCityListByProvinceId(provinceId);
for (ComCity comCity : comCityList) {
if(null == comCity || StringUtils.isBlank(comCity.getCityId())) {
continue;
}
// 封装城市信息集合
Map<String, Object> comCityMap = new HashMap<String, Object>();
comCityResultList.add(comCityMap);
comCityMap.put("key", comCity.getCityId());
comCityMap.put("value", comCity.getCityName());
}
// 按城市拼音进行排序
Collections.sort(comCityResultList, provinceComparator);
// 排序完成后将【请选择】选项放入列表
Map<String, Object> noneComCityMap = new HashMap<String, Object>();
noneComCityMap.put("key", "");
noneComCityMap.put("value", "请选择");
comCityResultList.add(0, noneComCityMap);
return comCityResultList;
}
/**
* 对省份按照拼音进行排序
* @date 2015-5-11 下午6:11:50
*/
private List<Map<String, Object>> sort(List<Map<String, Object>> provinceList) {
Collections.sort(provinceList, provinceComparator);
// 直辖市列表
Map<String, Map<String, Object>> municipalityMap = new HashMap<String, Map<String, Object>>();
// 特别行政区列表
Map<String, Map<String, Object>> SARMap = new HashMap<String, Map<String, Object>>();
List<String> municipalityList = new ArrayList<String>();
municipalityList.add("110000");// 北京市
municipalityList.add("310000");// 上海
municipalityList.add("500000");// 重庆
municipalityList.add("120000");// 天津
List<String> SARList = new ArrayList<String>();
SARList.add("F10000");// 香港
SARList.add("F20000");// 澳门
SARList.add("F30000");// 台湾
// 该列表在循环完成后，将不包含直辖市、特别行政区
List<Map<String, Object>> newProvinceList = new ArrayList<Map<String, Object>>();
for (Map<String, Object> vo : provinceList) {
String key = vo.get("key").toString();
// 直辖市放到专门的直辖市集合中
if(municipalityList.contains(key)) {
municipalityMap.put(key, vo);
continue;
}
// 特别行政区放到专门的特别行政区集合中
if(SARList.contains(key)) {
SARMap.put(key, vo);
continue;
}
// 非特别行政区、直辖市
newProvinceList.add(vo);
}
// 将直辖市按照北京>上海>天津>重庆的先后顺序放到列表中
if(null != municipalityMap.get("500000")) {
newProvinceList.add(0, municipalityMap.get("500000"));
}
if(null != municipalityMap.get("120000")) {
newProvinceList.add(0, municipalityMap.get("120000"));
}
if(null != municipalityMap.get("310000")) {
newProvinceList.add(0, municipalityMap.get("310000"));
}
if(null != municipalityMap.get("110000")) {
newProvinceList.add(0, municipalityMap.get("110000"));
}
// 将特别行政区按照香港>澳门>台湾的先后顺序放到列表中
if(null != SARMap.get("F10000")) {
newProvinceList.add(newProvinceList.size(), SARMap.get("F10000"));
}
if(null != SARMap.get("F20000")) {
newProvinceList.add(newProvinceList.size(), SARMap.get("F20000"));
}
if(null != SARMap.get("F30000")) {
newProvinceList.add(newProvinceList.size(), SARMap.get("F30000"));
}
return newProvinceList;
}
class ProvinceAndCityComparator implements Comparator<Map<String, Object>> {
@Override
public int compare(Map<String, Object> o1, Map<String, Object> o2) {
String value1 = o1.get("value").toString().trim();
String value2 = o2.get("value").toString().trim();
if(StringUtils.isBlank(value1)) {
return -1;
}
if(StringUtils.isBlank(value2)) {
return 1;
}
return compare(value1, value2);
}
protected int compare(String value1, String value2) {
if(StringUtils.isBlank(value1)) {
return -1;
}
if(StringUtils.isBlank(value2)) {
return 1;
}
// 将字符串转换成char数组
char[] charAry1 = value1.toCharArray();
char[] charAry2 = value2.toCharArray();
// 取字符串中的第一个汉字
char char1 = charAry1[0];
char char2 = charAry2[0];
// 将字符串的第一个汉字转换成拼音
String pinyin1 = Pinyin4jUtils.getSingleWordPinYin(char1 + "");
String pinyin2 = Pinyin4jUtils.getSingleWordPinYin(char2 + "");
// 将转换后的拼音再次转换成char数组
char[] charPinyinAry1 = pinyin1.toCharArray();
char[] charPinyinAry2 = pinyin2.toCharArray();
// 拼音按照a-z的顺序排序
if(charPinyinAry1[0] < charPinyinAry2[0]) {
return -1;
}
if(charPinyinAry1[0] > charPinyinAry2[0]) {
return 1;
}
// 若是此汉字的首字母相同，则比较下一个汉字
if(charPinyinAry1[0] == charPinyinAry2[0]) {
String childValue1 = null;
String childValue2 = null;
// 剔除字符串的第一个汉字
if(charAry1.length > 1) {
childValue1 = value1.substring(1);
}
if(charAry2.length > 1) {
childValue2 = value2.substring(1);
}
// 递归进行比较，直到最终结果
return compare(childValue1, childValue2);
}
return 0;
}
}
package com.lvtu.csa.utils;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import net.sourceforge.pinyin4j.PinyinHelper;
import net.sourceforge.pinyin4j.format.HanyuPinyinCaseType;
import net.sourceforge.pinyin4j.format.HanyuPinyinOutputFormat;
import net.sourceforge.pinyin4j.format.HanyuPinyinToneType;
import net.sourceforge.pinyin4j.format.HanyuPinyinVCharType;
import net.sourceforge.pinyin4j.format.exception.BadHanyuPinyinOutputFormatCombination;
/**
* 汉字转换成拼音
*/
public class Pinyin4jUtils {
/**
* 获取单个汉字的拼音（该方法仅支持单个汉字转换）
* @date 2015-5-11 下午4:14:13
* @param 单个汉字
*/
public static String getSingleWordPinYin(String single) {
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(single)) {
return "";
}
if (1 != single.length()) {
return "";
}
// 设置汉字拼音输出的格式
HanyuPinyinOutputFormat outputFormat = new HanyuPinyinOutputFormat();
outputFormat.setCaseType(HanyuPinyinCaseType.LOWERCASE);
outputFormat.setToneType(HanyuPinyinToneType.WITHOUT_TONE);
outputFormat.setVCharType(HanyuPinyinVCharType.WITH_V);
char[] t1 = single.toCharArray();
try {
if (Character.toString(t1[0]).matches("[\\u4E00-\\u9FA5]+")) {
// 将汉字的几种全拼都存到t2数组中
String[] pinyin = PinyinHelper.toHanyuPinyinStringArray(t1[0], outputFormat);
// 取出该汉字全拼的第一种读音
return pinyin[0];
}
} catch (BadHanyuPinyinOutputFormatCombination e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 若不是汉字，原样放回
return single;
}
}
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