开篇:
最近打算把sql 练习下,故找了个"SQL题大全",每个sql 都有执行, 希望看到这篇文章的你也能练习一下, 相信每一分学习都会有收获,让学习使我们感到充实.
文中习题参考自: https://blog.csdn.net/cpc784221489/article/details/105102005
在原有基础上对表做了稍微改动,所有SQL都重新执行了一遍,部分函数要参照具体版本,下面是数据库表DDL:
/*
Navicat Premium Data Transfer
Source Server : local
Source Server Type : MySQL
Source Server Version : 50724
Source Host : localhost:3306
Source Schema : ken
Target Server Type : MySQL
Target Server Version : 50724
File Encoding : 65001
Date: 01/11/2022 11:16:08
*/
SET NAMES utf8mb4;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for course
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `course`;
CREATE TABLE `course` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 AUTO_INCREMENT,
`cid` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
`cname` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '课程名称',
`tid` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '教师表编号',
`create_by` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '创建人',
`create_time` datetime(0) NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0) COMMENT '创建时间',
`update_by` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '更新人',
`update_time` datetime(0) NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0) COMMENT '更新时间',
`is_delete` tinyint(1) NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '是否有效: 0: 无效; 1有效',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 4 CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_general_ci COMMENT = '课程表' ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;
-- ----------------------------
-- Records of course
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `course` VALUES (1, '01', '语文', '02', 'admin', '2022-11-01 11:02:38', NULL, '2022-11-01 11:02:38', 0);
INSERT INTO `course` VALUES (2, '02', '数学', '01', 'admin', '2022-11-01 11:02:56', NULL, '2022-11-01 11:02:56', 0);
INSERT INTO `course` VALUES (3, '03', '英语', '03', 'admin', '2022-11-01 11:03:11', NULL, '2022-11-01 11:03:11', 0);
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for student
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student`;
CREATE TABLE `student` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键ID',
`sid` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '学号',
`sname` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '学生姓名',
`sex` tinyint(1) UNSIGNED NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '0: 未知; 1: 男; 2:女',
`birthday` date NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '生日',
`image_url` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '头像',
`create_by` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '创建人',
`create_time` datetime(0) NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0) COMMENT '创建时间',
`update_by` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '更新人',
`update_time` datetime(0) NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0) COMMENT '更新时间',
`is_delete` tinyint(1) NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '是否有效: 0: 无效; 1有效',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 10 CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;
-- ----------------------------
-- Records of student
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (1, '00', '果酱', 1, '2012-11-01', 'http:/oss.anyitech.ltd/ws_oss_service/storage/file_download/7318f730c05211ec92cf577b05c735c0.jpg', 'admin', '2022-11-01 10:31:19', 'admin', '2022-11-01 10:31:19', 0);
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (2, '01', '赵倩倩', 1, '1990-01-01', NULL, 'admin', '2022-11-01 10:36:41', NULL, '2022-11-01 10:36:41', 0);
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (3, '02', '钱滴滴', 1, '1990-12-21', NULL, 'admin', '2022-11-01 10:36:41', NULL, '2022-11-01 10:36:41', 0);
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (4, '03', '孙芊芊', 1, '1990-05-20', NULL, 'admin', '2022-11-01 10:36:41', NULL, '2022-11-01 10:36:41', 0);
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (5, '04', '李芸芸', 1, '1990-08-06', NULL, 'admin', '2022-11-01 10:36:41', NULL, '2022-11-01 10:36:41', 0);
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (6, '05', '周五', 2, '1991-12-01', NULL, 'admin', '2022-11-01 10:36:41', NULL, '2022-11-01 10:36:41', 0);
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (7, '06', '吴优', 2, '1992-03-01', NULL, 'admin', '2022-11-01 10:36:41', NULL, '2022-11-01 10:36:41', 0);
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (8, '07', '郑板桥', 2, '1989-07-01', NULL, 'admin', '2022-11-01 10:36:41', NULL, '2022-11-01 10:36:41', 0);
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (9, '08', '王天一', 2, '1990-01-20', NULL, 'admin', '2022-11-01 10:36:41', NULL, '2022-11-01 10:36:41', 0);
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for student_course
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student_course`;
CREATE TABLE `student_course` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键id',
`sid` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '学生编号',
`cid` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '课程编号',
`score` int(255) NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '得分',
`create_by` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '创建人',
`create_time` datetime(0) NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0) COMMENT '创建时间',
`update_by` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '更新人',
`update_time` datetime(0) NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0) COMMENT '更新时间',
`is_delete` tinyint(1) NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '是否有效: 0: 无效; 1有效',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 19 CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_general_ci COMMENT = '课程表' ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;
-- ----------------------------
-- Records of student_course
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `student_course` VALUES (1, '01', '01', 80, 'admin', '2022-11-01 11:10:56', NULL, '2022-11-01 11:10:56', 0);
INSERT INTO `student_course` VALUES (2, '01', '02', 90, 'admin', '2022-11-01 11:11:06', NULL, '2022-11-01 11:11:06', 0);
INSERT INTO `student_course` VALUES (3, '01', '03', 99, 'admin', '2022-11-01 11:11:17', NULL, '2022-11-01 11:11:17', 0);
INSERT INTO `student_course` VALUES (4, '02', '01', 70, 'admin', '2022-11-01 11:11:29', NULL, '2022-11-01 11:11:29', 0);
INSERT INTO `student_course` VALUES (5, '02', '02', 60, 'admin', '2022-11-01 11:11:43', NULL, '2022-11-01 11:11:43', 0);
INSERT INTO `student_course` VALUES (6, '02', '03', 80, 'admin', '2022-11-01 11:11:51', NULL, '2022-11-01 11:11:51', 0);
INSERT INTO `student_course` VALUES (7, '03', '01', 80, 'admin', '2022-11-01 11:12:06', NULL, '2022-11-01 11:12:06', 0);
INSERT INTO `student_course` VALUES (8, '03', '02', 80, 'admin', '2022-11-01 11:12:18', NULL, '2022-11-01 11:12:18', 0);
INSERT INTO `student_course` VALUES (9, '03', '03', 80, 'admin', '2022-11-01 11:12:24', NULL, '2022-11-01 11:12:24', 0);
INSERT INTO `student_course` VALUES (10, '04', '01', 50, 'admin', '2022-11-01 11:12:33', NULL, '2022-11-01 11:12:33', 0);
INSERT INTO `student_course` VALUES (11, '04', '02', 30, 'admin', '2022-11-01 11:12:41', NULL, '2022-11-01 11:12:41', 0);
INSERT INTO `student_course` VALUES (12, '04', '03', 20, 'admin', '2022-11-01 11:12:49', NULL, '2022-11-01 11:12:49', 0);
INSERT INTO `student_course` VALUES (13, '05', '01', 76, 'admin', '2022-11-01 11:12:58', NULL, '2022-11-01 11:12:58', 0);
INSERT INTO `student_course` VALUES (14, '05', '02', 87, 'admin', '2022-11-01 11:13:05', NULL, '2022-11-01 11:13:05', 0);
INSERT INTO `student_course` VALUES (15, '06', '01', 31, 'admin', '2022-11-01 11:13:20', NULL, '2022-11-01 11:13:20', 0);
INSERT INTO `student_course` VALUES (16, '06', '03', 34, 'admin', '2022-11-01 11:13:29', NULL, '2022-11-01 11:13:29', 0);
INSERT INTO `student_course` VALUES (17, '07', '02', 89, 'admin', '2022-11-01 11:13:39', NULL, '2022-11-01 11:13:39', 0);
INSERT INTO `student_course` VALUES (18, '07', '03', 98, 'admin', '2022-11-01 11:13:47', NULL, '2022-11-01 11:13:47', 0);
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for teacher
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `teacher`;
CREATE TABLE `teacher` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 AUTO_INCREMENT,
`tid` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '教师表 id',
`tname` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '课程名称',
`create_by` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '创建人',
`create_time` datetime(0) NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0) COMMENT '创建时间',
`update_by` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '更新人',
`update_time` datetime(0) NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0) COMMENT '更新时间',
`is_delete` tinyint(1) NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '是否有效: 0: 无效; 1有效',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 4 CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_general_ci COMMENT = '课程表' ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;
-- ----------------------------
-- Records of teacher
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `teacher` VALUES (1, '01', '张三', 'admin', '2022-11-01 11:05:28', NULL, '2022-11-01 11:05:28', 0);
INSERT INTO `teacher` VALUES (2, '02', '李四', 'admin', '2022-11-01 11:08:57', NULL, '2022-11-01 11:08:57', 0);
INSERT INTO `teacher` VALUES (3, '03', '王五', 'admin', '2022-11-01 11:09:06', NULL, '2022-11-01 11:09:06', 0);
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;
# Mysql 查询训练
USE ken;
select * from ken.student;
select * from ken.teacher;
select * from ken.course;
select * from ken.student_course;
执行完,检查下数据是否都正确插入:
1. 查询" 01 “课程比” 02 "课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数
# 1. 查询" 01 “课程比” 02 "课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数
SELECT
s.sid '学生学号', s.sname '学生姓名',
CASE s.sex
WHEN 1 THEN
'男'
WHEN 2 THEN
'女'
ELSE
'未知'
END '性别',
a.score AS '语文分数', b.score AS '数学分数'
FROM
student s
INNER JOIN student_course AS a ON s.sid = a.sid
AND a.cid = '01'
INNER JOIN student_course AS b ON s.sid = b.sid
AND b.cid = '02'
LEFT JOIN course c on a.cid = c.cid
WHERE a.score > b.score;
# Tip1:表的自联结 通常如果一张表中不同列之间的信息要对比的时候需要进行自联结,如本题中的"01"课程分数与"02"分数对比.
1.1 查询同时学习了" 01 “课程和” 02 "课程的学生
# 1.1 查询同时学习了" 01 “课程和” 02 "课程的学生
SELECT
s.sname '学生姓名'
FROM
student_course a
inner JOIN student_course b ON a.sid = b.sid
AND a.cid = '01'
AND b.cid = '02'
left join ken.student s on a.sid = s.sid;
# Tip1 :表的自联结 通常如果一张表中不同列之间的信息要对比的时候需要进行自联结,如本题中的“01”课程与“02”分数对比。
# Tip2 :INNER JOIN 如果要求两列信息同时存在的情况,需要inner join,它可以保证某列信息为null,则该行为空。
1.2 查询存在" 01 “课程但可能不存在” 02 "课程的情况(不存在时显示为null)
# 1.2 查询存在" 01 “课程但可能不存在” 02 "课程的情况(不存在时显示为null)
SELECT
*
FROM
student_course a
LEFT JOIN student_course b ON a.Cid = '01'
AND a.Sid = b.Sid
AND b.Cid = '02';
# 1.3 查询不存在" 01 “课程但存在” 02 "课程的情况
SELECT
*
FROM
student_course a
RIGHT JOIN student_course b ON a.Cid = '01'
AND a.Sid = b.Sid
AND b.Cid = '02';
2. 查询平均成绩大于等于 60 分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩
# 2. 查询平均成绩大于等于 60 分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩
select sc.sid,s.sname, avg(sc.score) avgScore from student_course sc left join student s on sc.sid = s.sid group by sc.sid having avg(sc.score) >= 60;
select sc.sid,s.sname, avg(sc.score) avgScore from student_course sc, student s where sc.sid = s.sid group by sc.sid having avg(sc.score) >= 60;
# Tip1 :group by
# Tip2 :执行顺序,from,where,group by having select order by limit
# Tip3 :select 中的别名 having中可以使用。
3. 查询在 SC 表存在成绩的学生信息
# 3. 查询在 SC 表存在成绩的学生信息
select * from student where sid in(select sc.sid from student_course sc where score is not null);
SELECT DISTINCT
s.*
FROM
student s
WHERE
s.Sid IN (SELECT sc.Sid FROM student_course sc);
# Tip1 子查询,根据一个表中的信息来查找另一个表中的信息,这里记得查找的id的关键词要用in来包含。而非 =。
# Tip2 distinct 的使用
4. 查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩(没成绩的显示为 null)
# 4. 查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩(没成绩的显示为 null)
select s.sid, s.sname, count(sc.sid), sum(score) from student s left join student_course sc on s.sid = sc.sid group by s.sid;
-- 注意: 上面要用count(sc.sid), 要是用count(1)就错了
SELECT
s.Sid,
s.Sname,
count(sc.Cid) AS course_count,
sum(sc.score) AS score_sum
FROM
student s
LEFT JOIN student_course sc ON s.Sid = sc.Sid
GROUP BY
s.Sid;
# Tip1 left join 与 on 、where之间的关系,如何才能返回null
6. 查询学过「张三」老师授课的同学的信息
# 6. 查询学过「张三」老师授课的同学的信息
select s.* from student s, student_course sc, course c, teacher t where s.sid = sc. sid and sc.cid = c.cid and c.tid = t.tid and t.tname ='张三';
SELECT
s.*
FROM
student s
WHERE
s.Sid IN (
SELECT
sc.Sid
FROM
student_course sc inner join
course AS c
ON
sc.Cid = c.Cid
inner join
teacher AS t
ON c.Tid = t.Tid
WHERE t.Tname = '张三'
);
7. 查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息
# ☆☆☆ 7. 查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息
SELECT
s.*
FROM
student s
WHERE
s.Sid NOT IN (
SELECT
s.Sid
FROM
student s,
student_course sc
WHERE
s.Sid = sc.Sid
GROUP BY
s.Sid
HAVING
count(1) = (SELECT count(1) FROM course)
);
# 注意不能按下面这样写,会把没学的学生给漏掉,注意取反逻辑:
# select s.* from student_course sc, student s where sc.sid =s.sid group by sid having count(sc.cid)< (select count(1) from course);
# 可以换成左连接:
select s.* from student s left join student_course sc on sc.sid =s.sid group by sid having count(sc.cid)< (select count(1) from course);
8. 查询至少有一门课与学号为" 01 "的同学所学相同的同学的信息
# ☆☆8. 查询至少有一门课与学号为" 01 "的同学所学相同的同学的信息
SELECT s.* FROM student s WHERE s.Sid IN(
select sc.sid from student_course sc where sc.cid in(select cid from student_course sc1 where sc1.sid = '01')
);
9. 查询和" 01 "号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的信息
# ☆☆☆☆☆9. 查询和" 01 "号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的信息
explain SELECT s.* FROM student s WHERE s.Sid IN(
select a.sid from (select sid ,group_concat(cid) courses from student_course sc group by sc.sid) a where a.courses =(
select group_concat(cid) from student_course sc group by sc.sid having sc.sid ='01')
);
10. 查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生
# ☆☆☆☆10. 查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生
SELECT s.sid, s.sname FROM student s WHERE s.Sid not IN(
select sc.sid from student_course sc where sc.cid IN (
select cid from course c left join teacher t on c.tid = t.tid where t.tname ='张三')
);
SELECT
s.Sname
FROM
student s
WHERE
s.Sid NOT IN (
SELECT
sc.Sid
FROM
student_course sc,
course c,
teacher t
WHERE
sc.Cid = c.Cid
AND c.Tid = t.Tid
AND t.Tname = '张三'
);
11. 查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号,姓名及其平均成绩
# ☆☆☆11. 查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号,姓名及其平均成绩
SELECT s.sid, s.sname FROM student s WHERE s.Sid IN (
select sid from student_course sc where sc.score < 60 group by sc.sid having count(1)>= 2
);
SELECT
s.Sid,
s.Sname,
avg(sc.score) AS 平均成绩
FROM
student s,
student_course sc
WHERE
s.Sid = sc.Sid
AND sc.score < 60
GROUP BY
s.Sid
HAVING
count(sc.score) >= 2;
# Tip 1、 from后可以派生虚拟表但是要在括号外给别名 2、聚合函数必须group by
12. 检索" 01 "课程分数小于 60,按分数降序排列的学生信息
# 12. 检索" 01 "课程分数小于 60,按分数降序排列的学生信息
SELECT s.* FROM student s WHERE s.Sid IN (
select sid from student_course sc where sc.cid = '01' and sc.score <60
);
SELECT s.*, sc.score FROM student s, student_course sc WHERE s.sid = sc.sid and sc.cid = '01' and sc.score <60 order by sc.score desc;
13. 按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩 ???
# 13. 按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩 ???
select sc.sid, sum(sc.score), avg(sc.score) from student_course sc group by sc.sid order by avg(sc.score) desc;
SELECT sc1.score as score_01,sc2.score as score_02,sc3.score as score_03,avg(sc.score)as 平均成绩
FROM student_course sc,student_course sc1,student_course sc2,student_course sc3
WHERE sc.Sid = sc1.Sid
and sc.Sid = sc1.Sid
and sc.Sid = sc2.Sid
and sc.Sid = sc3.Sid
and sc1.Cid = '01'
and sc2.Cid = '02'
and sc3.Cid = '03'
GROUP BY sc.Sid
ORDER BY 平均成绩 desc;
14. 查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分
# ☆☆☆☆☆14. 查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分:
select sc.cid, max(sc.score), min(sc.score), avg(sc.score) from student_course sc group by sc.cid;
SELECT
c.Cid,
c.Cname,
max(sc.score) AS 最高分,
min(sc.score) AS 最低分,
avg(sc.score) AS 平均分,
count(sc.sid) AS 选修人数,
sum(case when sc.score >=60 then 1 else 0 end)/count(sc.sid) as 及格率,
sum(case when sc.score >=70 and sc.score <=80 then 1 else 0 end)/count(sc.sid)as 中等率,
sum(case when sc.score >=80 and sc.score <=90 then 1 else 0 end)/count(sc.sid) as 优良率,
sum(case when sc.score >=90 and sc.score <=100 then 1 else 0 end)/count(sc.sid) as 优秀率
FROM
course c,
student_course sc
WHERE
c.Cid = sc.Cid
GROUP BY
c.Cid
ORDER BY
选修人数 DESC,c.Cid asc;
# Tip 1.遇到区间或率的,想起来case when then else end 2.可以多重排序中间逗号相隔
15. 按各科成绩进行排序,并显示排名, Score 重复时保留名次空缺
# ☆☆☆☆☆15. 按各科成绩进行排序,并显示排名, Score 重复时保留名次空缺
SELECT s.*, rank_01,rank_02,rank_03,rank_total FROM student s LEFT JOIN
(SELECT Sid,rank () over (PARTITION BY Cid ORDER BY score DESC) AS rank_01 FROM student_course sc WHERE Cid = '01') AS a ON a.Sid = s.Sid LEFT JOIN
(SELECT Sid,rank () over (PARTITION BY Cid ORDER BY score DESC) AS rank_02 FROM student_course sc WHERE Cid = '02') AS b ON b.Sid = s.Sid LEFT JOIN
(SELECT Sid,rank () over (PARTITION BY Cid ORDER BY score DESC) AS rank_03 FROM student_course sc WHERE Cid = '03') AS c ON c.Sid = s.Sid LEFT JOIN
(SELECT Sid,rank () over (ORDER BY avg(score) DESC) AS rank_total FROM student_course sc GROUP BY Sid) AS d ON d.Sid = s.Sid
ORDER BY rank_total ASC;
-- 5.7.24-log Mysql 8.0之前是不支持 partition by 语法的。
select version();
# TIPs: 1、row_num()、rank()、dense_rank()等窗口分析函数的应用。2、select 连接字段(例sid),rank() over (partition by 字段1 order by 字段2 desc) as rank
# 3、自联结+rank()函数的结合运用。
# 15.1 按各科成绩进行排序,并显示排名, Score 重复时合并名次
16. 查询学生的总成绩,并进行排名,总分重复时保留名次空缺
#16. 查询学生的总成绩,并进行排名,总分重复时保留名次空缺
SELECT
Sid,
sum(sc.score) AS 总成绩,
rank () over (ORDER BY sum(sc.score) DESC) AS rank0
FROM
student_course sc
GROUP BY
Sid;
# 注意: 以上语法5.7版本是不支持的.
SELECT
t.*, @rank := @rank + 1 AS 排名
FROM
(SELECT @rank := 0) r,
(
SELECT
sc.sid,
sum(sc.score) AS totalScore
FROM
student_course sc
group by sc.sid
) AS t order by t.totalScore desc;
17. 统计各科成绩各分数段人数:课程编号,课程名称,[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[60-0] 及所占百分比
# 17. 统计各科成绩各分数段人数:课程编号,课程名称,[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[60-0] 及所占百分比
SELECT c.cid,c.cname,
count(sc.sid) as '选修人数',
concat(round(sum(CASE WHEN sc.score >= 85 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) / count(sc.sid)*100,2),'%') AS '[85-100]%',
concat(round(sum(CASE WHEN sc.score >= 70 AND sc.score < 85 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) / count(sc.sid)*100,2),'%') AS '[70-85)%',
concat(round(sum(CASE WHEN sc.score >= 60 AND sc.score < 70 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) / count(sc.sid)*100,2),'%') AS '[60-70)%',
concat(round(sum(CASE WHEN sc.score < 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) / count(sc.sid)*100,2),'%') AS '[0-60)%'
FROM course c, student_course sc
WHERE sc.cid = c.cid GROUP BY sc.cid;
# -- 舍掉小数点后几位: select concat(truncate(0.8799*100,2),'%') 结果 87.00%
# -- 四舍五入: select concat(round(0.8799*100,2),'%') 结果 88.00%
# -- 舍掉小数点后几位: select concat(floor(0.8799*100),'%') 结果 87%
18、查询各科成绩前三名的记录
# 18、查询各科成绩前三名的记录
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT *, rank () over (PARTITION BY Cid ORDER BY score DESC) AS grade
FROM student_course sc) AS t
WHERE t.grade <= 3;
# 注意: 以上语法5.7版本是不支持的.
# 如果要对rank的结果进行进一步选择的话,采用结构select * from (select rank()) where 的句式
# partition by 是在保留所有记录的情况下,按字段顺序排序,类似于excel的筛选功能。
# 19. 查询每门课程被选修的学生数 [上面17 已经查出来]
# 20. 查询出只选修两门课程的学生学号和姓名
select s.sid, s.sname, count(cid) AS 'courseCount' from student_course sc, student s where sc.sid = s.sid group by sid having count(cid) = 2;
21. 查询男生、女生人数
# 21. 查询男生、女生人数
select CASE WHEN s.sex = 1 THEN '男' WHEN s.sex = 2 THEN '女' ELSE '未知' END as '性别', count(1) AS 'count' from student s group by s.sex;
22. 查询名字中含有「果」字的学生信息
#22. 查询名字中含有「果」字的学生信息
SELECT * FROM student WHERE Sname LIKE '%果%';
23. 查询同名同性学生名单,并统计同名人数
# 23. 查询同名同性学生名单,并统计同名人数
-- 2个名字一样的,所以 count(1)> 1
select Sname, count(1) from student group by Sname having count(1)> 1;
24. 查询 1990 年出生的学生名单
# 24. 查询 1990 年出生的学生名单
select sname as '姓名', CASE WHEN s.sex = 1 THEN '男' WHEN s.sex = 2 THEN '女' ELSE '未知' END as '性别' from student s where year(birthday) = 1990;
25. 查询每门课程的平均成绩,结果按平均成绩降序排列,平均成绩相同时,按课程编号升序排列
# 25. 查询每门课程的平均成绩,结果按平均成绩降序排列,平均成绩相同时,按课程编号升序排列
SELECT SC.cid, avg(sc.score) FROM student_course sc group by SC.cid ORDER BY avg(sc.score) DESC,SC.cid;
26. 查询平均成绩大于等于 85 的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩
# 26. 查询平均成绩大于等于 85 的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩
select s.sid, s.sname, avg(sc.score) from student_course sc left join student s on sc.sid = s.sid group by sc.sid having avg(sc.score) >=85;
SELECT
s.Sid,
s.Sname,
AVG(sc.score) AS 平均成绩
FROM
student s,
student_course sc
WHERE
s.Sid = sc.Sid
GROUP BY
sc.Sid
HAVING
平均成绩 >= 85;
27. 查询课程名称为「数学」,且分数低于 60 的学生姓名和分数
# 27. 查询课程名称为「数学」,且分数低于 60 的学生姓名和分数
select s.sname, sc.score from student_course sc, student s where sc.sid = s.sid and sc.cid =(
select c.cid from course c where c.cname = '数学') and sc.score < 60;
SELECT
s.Sname,
sc.score
FROM
student s,
student_course sc,
course c
WHERE
s.Sid = sc.Sid
AND sc.Cid = c.Cid
AND c.Cname = '数学'
AND sc.score <= 60;
28. 查询所有学生的课程及分数情况(存在学生没成绩,没选课的情况)
# 28. 查询所有学生的课程及分数情况(存在学生没成绩,没选课的情况)
SELECT DISTINCT
s.sid, s.sname, c.cname, sc.score
FROM
student s
LEFT JOIN student_course sc ON s.Sid = sc.Sid
LEFT JOIN course c ON sc.Cid = c.Cid order by s.sid;
# 要查询每一科的成绩所以不能用group by 分组, group by分组要排序的话 排序字段要是聚合函数,如avg(),sum(),max()...
29. 查询任何一门课程成绩在 70 分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数
# 29. 查询任何一门课程成绩在 70 分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数
select sc.sid, s.sname, c.cid, c.cname, sc.score FROM student_course sc,student s, course c where sc.sid = s.sid and sc.cid =c.cid and sc.score >70;
30.查询有学生不及格的课程信息(课程id和课程名字)
# 30.查询有学生不及格的课程信息(课程id和课程名字)
select distinct sc.cid, c.cname from student_course sc, course c where sc.cid =c.cid and sc.score < 60;
select distinct sc.cid, c.cname from student_course sc right join course c on sc.cid =c.cid and sc.score < 60;
# 注: 上面即使是右连接也要使用 distinct
31. 查询课程编号为 01 且课程成绩在 80 分及以上的学生的学号和姓名
# 31. 查询课程编号为 01 且课程成绩在 80 分及以上的学生的学号和姓名
SELECT
s.Sid,
s.Sname
FROM
student s,
student_course sc
WHERE
s.Sid = sc.Sid
AND sc.Cid = '01'
AND sc.score >= 80;
32. 查每门课程的学生人数
# 32. 查每门课程的学生人数
SELECT
c.Cname,
count(1) AS '选课人数'
FROM
course c,
student_course sc
WHERE
c.Cid = sc.Cid
GROUP BY
sc.Cid;
33. 成绩不重复,查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中,成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩
# 33. 成绩不重复,查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中,成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩
select sc.sid, s.sname, max(sc.score) from student_course sc, course c, teacher t, student s where sc.cid = c.cid and c.tid = t.tid and sc.sid = s.sid and t.tname = '张三';
SELECT
s.*, sc.score
FROM
student s,
student_course sc,
course c,
teacher t
WHERE
s.Sid = sc.Sid
AND c.Cid = sc.Cid
AND c.Tid = t.Tid
AND t.Tname = '张三'
HAVING
sc.score = max(sc.score);
# 对于求最高或最低的情况两种思路 1. having score =max(score) 2.score = (select score from order by score desc limit 1) 。
# 对于求排名第二或其他情况的则取上面的第二种方法。
35. 查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩
# 35. 查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩
SELECT DISTINCT
sc.Sid, s.sname,
sc.Cid, c.cname,
sc.score
FROM
student_course sc,
student_course sc1,
student s,
course c
WHERE
sc.sid = sc1.Sid and sc.sid =s.sid and sc.cid = c.cid
AND sc.Cid <> sc1.Cid
AND sc.score = sc1.score;
36. 查询每门课程成绩最好的前两名
# 36. 查询每门课程成绩最好的前两名
SELECT * FROM(
SELECT *, rank () over (PARTITION BY Cid ORDER BY score DESC) AS grade
FROM student_course sc) AS t
WHERE t.grade < 3 ORDER BY Cid
# 以上窗口函数 5.7 不支持
-- 5.7.24-log
select version();
# 遇到选前几名的肯定要用窗口函数,谨记,如果对前几名有限制的select * from(select rank() over(partition by order by )as grade from )as where grade 模式
37. 统计每门课程的学生选修人数(超过 5 人的课程才统计)
# 37. 统计每门课程的学生选修人数(超过 5 人的课程才统计)
SELECT
cid,
count(1)
FROM
student_course sc
GROUP BY
Cid
HAVING
count(1) > 5;
38. 检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号
# 38. 检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号
SELECT
Sid
FROM
student_course
GROUP BY
Sid
HAVING
count(1) > 2;
39. 查询选修了全部课程的学生信息
# 39. 查询选修了全部课程的学生信息
SELECT
s.sid, s.sname, count(sc.cid) num
FROM
student s,
student_course sc
WHERE
s.Sid = sc.Sid
GROUP BY
sc.Sid
HAVING
num = (SELECT count(1) FROM course);
40. 查询各学生的年龄,只按年份来算
# 40. 查询各学生的年龄,只按年份来算
SELECT
s.id, s.sname, YEAR (s.birthday), YEAR (now()) - YEAR (s.birthday) AS age
FROM
student s;
41. 按照出生日期来算,当前月日 < 出生年月的月日则,年龄减一
# 41. 按照出生日期来算,当前月日 < 出生年月的月日则,年龄减一
SELECT
s.id, s.sname, (
CASE WHEN DAY (now()) < DAY (s.birthday) THEN
YEAR (now()) - YEAR (s.birthday) - 1
ELSE
YEAR (now()) - YEAR (s.birthday)
END
) AS age
FROM
student s;
SELECT
s.id, s.sname, (
IF(DAY(now()) < DAY(s.birthday), YEAR(now()) - YEAR(s.birthday) - 1, YEAR(now()) - YEAR(s.birthday))
) AS age
FROM
student s;
42. 查询本周过生日的学生
# 42. 查询本周过生日的学生
SELECT
s.id, s.sname, WEEK (now())
FROM
student s
WHERE
WEEK (s.birthday) = WEEK (now()) ;
43. 查询下周过生日的学生
# 43. 查询下周过生日的学生
SELECT
s.id, s.sname, WEEK (now())+1 as 'nextWeek'
FROM
student s
WHERE
WEEK (s.birthday) = WEEK (now()) +1;
44. 查询本月过生日的学生
# 44. 查询本月过生日的学生
SELECT
s.id, s.sname, month (now())
FROM
student s
WHERE
month (s.birthday) = month (now()) ;
结语:
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