【Window】 Screen capture with GDI&DX

【前言】

window常见抓屏技术有 GDI \ DX \ DXGI,

关系如下：

GDI（Graphics Deveice Interface,图形设备接口），利用GDI编程，可以不考虑硬件的具体特性，直接调用Windows API中的图形处理函数处理当前DC即可。这的确很方便，但却是以降低处理速度为代价。因为它不能直接访问硬件，需要通过操作系统间接访问。
Microfost 为迎合市场需求，推出了DirectX。它既能像Windows GDI一样使用方便，又可以直接对硬件抽象层HALL（Hardware Abstranaction Layer）操作，速度比GDI快得多。DirectX 主要包括 DirectDraw Direct3D DirectMusic DirectPaly DirectInput DirectSetup七部分。
也就是说DirectX是GDI的升级。

值得注意的是 ， DXGI 只能在window8 或者更新的系统使用。

【GDI】

void gInitGDI()	// 
{
	// 获取宽高
	width = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);
	height = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);

	gdi_pScreenCapData = new char[width * height * 4];
	memset(gdi_pScreenCapData, 0, width);

	hdc_src = GetDC(GetDesktopWindow());//返回桌面窗口的句柄
	hdc_dest = CreateCompatibleDC(hdc_src);
	hBitmap = CreateCompatibleBitmap(hdc_src, width, height);

	SelectObject(hdc_dest, hBitmap);	//内存hdc 和 bitmap 绑定
}

void gCaptureWithGDI(LPVOID pScreenData)
{
	// 将制定显示屏的截图复制自定义的内存缓冲区
	BitBlt(hdc_dest, 0, 0, width, height, hdc_src, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);


	/* 画一个鼠标 */
	CURSORINFO cursorInfo;
	cursorInfo.cbSize = sizeof(CURSORINFO);
	LRESULT ret = GetCursorInfo(&cursorInfo);
	DrawIcon(hdc_dest, cursorInfo.ptScreenPos.x, cursorInfo.ptScreenPos.y, cursorInfo.hCursor);

	//复制附加位图的位模式向指定的缓冲区。
	GetBitmapBits(hBitmap, width*height * 4, gdi_pScreenCapData);

	// 方法一
	/* 使用CImage 和 HBITMAP构造图像 */
	CImage image;
	image.Attach(hBitmap);
	image.Save(L".\\GDI.bmp");
	image.Detach();


	// 方法二
	/* 自定义头进行写入 */
	BITMAPFILEHEADER hdr;
	BITMAPINFOHEADER info;
	//调色板
	//数据
	memset(&hdr, 0, sizeof(hdr));
	hdr.bfOffBits = sizeof(hdr) + sizeof(info);
	hdr.bfReserved1 = 0;
	hdr.bfReserved2 = 0;
	hdr.bfType = 0x4D42;
	hdr.bfSize = hdr.bfOffBits + width * height * 4;

	memset(&info, 0, sizeof(info));
	info.biSize = sizeof(info);
	info.biWidth = width;
	info.biHeight = -height;	//注意，这里是负值，不然得到的图像会翻转180°
	info.biPlanes = 1;
	info.biBitCount = 32;
	info.biCompression = BI_RGB;
	info.biSizeImage = 0;	//当用BI_RGB格式时，可设置为0。

	FILE *fp = fopen("GDI_HEADER.bmp", "wb");

	fwrite(&hdr, sizeof(hdr), 1, fp);

	fwrite(&info, sizeof(info), 1, fp);

	fwrite(gdi_pScreenCapData, width*height*4, 1, fp);

	fclose(fp);
	
}

【DirectX】

相关头文件和库：

#include <d3d9.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "d3d9.lib")

#include <d3d11.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "d3d11.lib")

代码

void gInitDX()
{
	BITMAPINFO dx_bitmap_info;
	ZeroMemory(&dx_bitmap_info, sizeof(BITMAPINFO));
	dx_bitmap_info.bmiHeader.biSize = sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER);
	dx_bitmap_info.bmiHeader.biBitCount = 32;
	dx_bitmap_info.bmiHeader.biCompression = BI_RGB;
	dx_bitmap_info.bmiHeader.biWidth = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);
	dx_bitmap_info.bmiHeader.biHeight = -GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);	//注意，这里是负数，不然得到的图像会翻转
	dx_bitmap_info.bmiHeader.biPlanes = 1;
	dx_bitmap_info.bmiHeader.biSizeImage = abs(dx_bitmap_info.bmiHeader.biHeight)*dx_bitmap_info.bmiHeader.biWidth*dx_bitmap_info.bmiHeader.biBitCount / 8;

	HDC hdc_src = GetDC(GetDesktopWindow());

	dx_hdc_dest = CreateCompatibleDC(hdc_src);

	//创建应用程序可以直接写入的、与设备无关的位图（DIB）的函数。此时dx_pScreenCapData 和 dx_hBitmap 拥有相同的内容
	dx_hBitmap = CreateDIBSection(hdc_src, &dx_bitmap_info, DIB_RGB_COLORS, &dx_pScreenCapData, NULL, 0);

	// 绑定hdc 到 bitmap
	SelectObject(dx_hdc_dest, dx_hBitmap);


	if (hBitmap == NULL)
	{
		return ;
	}
	ReleaseDC(GetDesktopWindow(), hdc_src);
	/*-------至此hdc_dest还没被关联------*/

	/*-------------------开始D3D的初始化---------------------*/
	HWND hWnd = NULL;
	D3DDISPLAYMODE ddm;
	D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;

	pD3D = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION);
	if (pD3D == NULL)
		return;

	LRESULT ret = pD3D->GetAdapterDisplayMode(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, &ddm);
	if (FAILED(ret))
		return;

	ZeroMemory(&d3dpp, sizeof(D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS));

	d3dpp.Windowed = true;
	d3dpp.Flags = D3DPRESENTFLAG_LOCKABLE_BACKBUFFER;
	d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = ddm.Format;
	d3dpp.BackBufferHeight = dx_ScreenRect.bottom = ddm.Height;
	d3dpp.BackBufferWidth = dx_ScreenRect.right = ddm.Width;
	d3dpp.MultiSampleType = D3DMULTISAMPLE_NONE;
	d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
	d3dpp.hDeviceWindow = hWnd;
	d3dpp.PresentationInterval = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_DEFAULT;
	d3dpp.FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz = D3DPRESENT_RATE_DEFAULT;

	ret = pD3D->CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, hWnd, D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING,
		&d3dpp, &pD3DDevice);
	if (FAILED(ret))
		return;

	ret = pD3DDevice->CreateOffscreenPlainSurface(ddm.Width, ddm.Height, D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8,
		D3DPOOL_SCRATCH, &pD3DSurface, NULL);
	if (FAILED(ret))
		return;
}

void gCaptureWithDX(LPVOID pScreenData)
{
	LRESULT ret;


	/* 获取bit数据 */
	pD3DDevice->GetFrontBufferData(0, pD3DSurface);

	D3DLOCKED_RECT lockedRect;
	
	ret = pD3DSurface->LockRect(&lockedRect, &dx_ScreenRect, D3DLOCK_NO_DIRTY_UPDATE
		| D3DLOCK_NOSYSLOCK | D3DLOCK_READONLY);
	if (FAILED(ret))
		return;

	//CreateDIBSection 绑定 hBitmap 和 dx_pScreenCapData
	for (int i = 0; i < dx_ScreenRect.bottom; ++i)
	{
		memcpy((BYTE*)dx_pScreenCapData+i*dx_ScreenRect.right*32/8, 
			(BYTE*)lockedRect.pBits+i*lockedRect.Pitch,
			dx_ScreenRect.right*32/8);
	}

	pD3DSurface->UnlockRect();

	/* 画一个鼠标 */
	CURSORINFO cursorInfo;
	cursorInfo.cbSize = sizeof(CURSORINFO);
	ret = GetCursorInfo(&cursorInfo);
	DrawIcon(dx_hdc_dest, cursorInfo.ptScreenPos.x, cursorInfo.ptScreenPos.y, cursorInfo.hCursor);



	/* 使用CImage创建图像 */
	CImage image;
	image.Attach(dx_hBitmap);
	image.Save(L".\\DX.bmp");
	image.Detach();

	/* 自定义头进行写入 */
	BITMAPFILEHEADER hdr;
	BITMAPINFOHEADER info;
	//调色板
	//数据
	memset(&hdr, 0, sizeof(hdr));
	hdr.bfOffBits = sizeof(hdr) + sizeof(info);
	hdr.bfReserved1 = 0;
	hdr.bfReserved2 = 0;
	hdr.bfType = 0x4D42;
	hdr.bfSize = hdr.bfOffBits + width * height * 4;

	memset(&info, 0, sizeof(info));
	info.biSize = sizeof(info);
	info.biWidth = width;
	info.biHeight = -height;	//注意，这里是负值，不然得到的图像会翻转180°
	info.biPlanes = 1;
	info.biBitCount = 32;
	info.biCompression = BI_RGB;
	info.biSizeImage = 0;	//当用BI_RGB格式时，可设置为0。

	FILE *fp = fopen("DX_HEADER.bmp", "wb");

	fwrite(&hdr, sizeof(hdr), 1, fp);

	fwrite(&info, sizeof(info), 1, fp);

	fwrite(dx_pScreenCapData, width*height * 4, 1, fp);

	fclose(fp);



}