HTML5中的Canvas绘图操作(二)

所有编程的绘图操作基本上都差不多,这里分段举例描述。


设置颜色:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
	<head>
		<title>Drawing Lines</title>
		<style type="text/css">
			canvas {
				border: dotted 1px black;
			}
		</style>
		<script>
			window.onload = function() {
				var theCanvas = document.getElementById('Canvas1');
				if (theCanvas && theCanvas.getContext) {
					var ctx = theCanvas.getContext("2d");
					if (ctx) {
						ctx.fillStyle = "green";
						ctx.fillRect(20,20,100,100);
						
						ctx.lineWidth = 5;
						ctx.strokeStyle="rgba(0,0,255,1)";
						ctx.strokeRect(20,20,100,100);
					}
				}
			}
		</script>
	</head>
	<body>
		<h1>Drawing With Colors and Styles</h1>
		<p>This example shows how to set the drawing style</p>
		<canvas id="Canvas1" width="500" height="200">Your browser does not support canvas.</canvas>
	</body>
</html>

绘制直线:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
	<head>
		<title>Drawing Lines</title>
		<style type="text/css">
			canvas {
				border: dotted 1px black;
			}
		</style>
		<script>
			window.onload = function() {
				// draw lines of varying widths
				var theCanvas = document.getElementById('Canvas1');
				if (theCanvas && theCanvas.getContext) {
					var ctx = theCanvas.getContext("2d");
					if (ctx) {
						for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++){
							ctx.beginPath();
							ctx.lineWidth = i+1;
							ctx.moveTo(25, 25+i*15);
							ctx.lineTo(475, 25+i*15);
							ctx.stroke();
						}						
					}
				}
				
				// demonstrate the lineCap endings
				var theCanvas = document.getElementById('Canvas2');
				if (theCanvas && theCanvas.getContext) {
					var ctx = theCanvas.getContext("2d");
					if (ctx) {
						// draw the guidelines
						ctx.strokeStyle="cyan";
						ctx.lineWidth=1;
						ctx.beginPath();
						ctx.moveTo(50,25);
						ctx.lineTo(50,175);
						ctx.moveTo(450,25);
						ctx.lineTo(450,175);
						ctx.stroke();
						
						// draw lines using each lineCap;
						ctx.lineWidth = 25;
						ctx.strokeStyle="black";
						ctx.lineCap="butt";
						ctx.beginPath();
						ctx.moveTo(50,50);
						ctx.lineTo(450,50);
						ctx.stroke();						
						ctx.lineCap="round";
						ctx.beginPath();
						ctx.moveTo(50,100);
						ctx.lineTo(450,100);
						ctx.stroke();						
						ctx.lineCap="square";
						ctx.beginPath();
						ctx.moveTo(50,150);
						ctx.lineTo(450,150);
						ctx.stroke();						
					}
				}

				// Show the lineJoin variations
				var theCanvas = document.getElementById('Canvas3');
				if (theCanvas && theCanvas.getContext) {
					var ctx = theCanvas.getContext("2d");
					if (ctx) {
						ctx.lineWidth = 15;
						ctx.strokeStyle="black";
						ctx.lineJoin="round";
						ctx.beginPath();
						ctx.moveTo(25,150);
						ctx.lineTo(75,50);
						ctx.lineTo(125,150);
						ctx.stroke();						
						ctx.lineJoin="bevel";
						ctx.beginPath();
						ctx.moveTo(175,150);
						ctx.lineTo(225,50);
						ctx.lineTo(275,150);
						ctx.stroke();						
						ctx.lineJoin="miter";
						ctx.miterLim = 1;
						ctx.beginPath();
						ctx.moveTo(325,150);
						ctx.lineTo(375,50);
						ctx.lineTo(425,150);
						ctx.stroke();						
					}
				}
			}
		</script>
	</head>
	<body>
		<h1>Drawing Lines</h1>
		<p>This example will draw several styles of lines. First: basic line width</p>
		<canvas id="Canvas1" width="500" height="200">Your browser does not support canvas.</canvas>

		<p>Next: different settings for lineCap</p>
		<canvas id="Canvas2" width="500" height="200">Your browser does not support canvas.</canvas>

		<p>Next: different settings for lineJoin</p>
		<canvas id="Canvas3" width="500" height="200">Your browser does not support canvas.</canvas>
	</body>
</html>

绘制矩形:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
	<head>
		<title>Drawing Rectangles</title>
		<style type="text/css">
			#Canvas1 {
				border: dotted 1px black;
			}
		</style>
		<script>
			window.onload = function() {
				var theCanvas = document.getElementById('Canvas1');
				if (theCanvas && theCanvas.getContext) {
					var ctx = theCanvas.getContext("2d");
					if (ctx) {
						// draw just a stroked rectangle
						ctx.strokeStyle = "blue";
						ctx.lineWidth = 5;
						ctx.strokeRect(25,25,100,125);
						
						// draw just a filled rectangle
						ctx.fillStyle = "green";
						ctx.fillRect(175, 25, 100, 125);
						
						// draw a stroked and filled rectangle
						ctx.strokeStyle = "red";
						ctx.fillStyle = "yellow";
						ctx.lineWidth = 10;
						ctx.fillRect(325, 25, 100, 125);
						ctx.strokeRect(325,25,100,125);
						
						// clear a rectangle
						ctx.clearRect(15, 75, 450, 50);
					}
				}
			}
		</script>
	</head>
	<body>
		<h1>Drawing Rectangles</h1>
		<p>This example will draw several styles of rectangles</p>
		<canvas id="Canvas1" width="500" height="300">Your browser does not support canvas.</canvas>
	</body>
</html>

使用路径绘制折线:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
	<head>
		<title>Drawing Paths</title>
		<style type="text/css">
			#Canvas1 {
				border: dotted 1px black;
			}
		</style>
		<script>
			window.onload = function() {
				var theCanvas = document.getElementById('Canvas1');
				if (theCanvas && theCanvas.getContext) {
					var ctx = theCanvas.getContext("2d");
					if (ctx) {
						ctx.strokeStyle = "blue";
						ctx.fillStyle = "red";
						ctx.lineWidth = 5;
						
						// draw an open path (not closed)
						ctx.beginPath();
						ctx.moveTo(25,175);
						ctx.lineTo(50,25);
						ctx.lineTo(125,50);
						ctx.lineTo(175,175);
						ctx.stroke();
						
						// draw a closed path
						ctx.beginPath();
						ctx.moveTo(225,175);
						ctx.lineTo(250,25);
						ctx.lineTo(325,50);
						ctx.lineTo(375,175);
						ctx.closePath();
						ctx.stroke();

						// draw a closed path
						ctx.beginPath();
						ctx.moveTo(425,175);
						ctx.lineTo(450,25);
						ctx.lineTo(525,50);
						ctx.lineTo(575,175);
						ctx.fill();
						ctx.stroke();
					}
				}
			}
		</script>
	</head>
	<body>
		<h1>Drawing Paths</h1>
		<p>This example will draw paths, both open and closed</p>
		<canvas id="Canvas1" width="700" height="300">Your browser does not support canvas.</canvas>
	</body>
</html>



绘制弧线:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
	<head>
		<title>Drawing Arcs</title>
		<style type="text/css">
			#Canvas1 {
				border: dotted 1px black;
			}
		</style>
		<script>
			window.onload = function() {
				var theCanvas = document.getElementById('Canvas1');
				if (theCanvas && theCanvas.getContext) {
					var ctx = theCanvas.getContext("2d");
					if (ctx) {
						ctx.strokeStyle = "blue";
						ctx.fillStyle = "red";
						ctx.lineWidth = 5;
						
						// stroke a quarter arc
						ctx.beginPath();
						ctx.arc(50,150,100,1.5*Math.PI,2*Math.PI);
						ctx.stroke(); 

						// stroke a three-quarter arc, going anti-clockwise
						ctx.beginPath();
						ctx.arc(300,150,100,0,1.5*Math.PI,false);
						ctx.stroke(); 

						// stroke and fill a circle
						var degrees = 173;
						var radians = (Math.PI /180) * degrees;
						ctx.beginPath();
						ctx.arc(550,150,100,0,radians);
						ctx.fill();
						ctx.stroke(); 
					}
				}
			}
		</script>
	</head>
	<body>
		<h1>Drawing Arcs</h1>
		<p>This example will draw arcs, both open and closed</p>
		<canvas id="Canvas1" width="700" height="300">Your browser does not support canvas.</canvas>
	</body>
</html>


绘制曲线,贝塞尔曲线和二次方程曲线:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
	<head>
		<title>Drawing Bezier and Quadratic Curves</title>
		<style type="text/css">
			#Canvas1 {
				border: dotted 1px black;
			}
		</style>
		<script>
			window.onload = function() {
				var theCanvas = document.getElementById('Canvas1');
				if (theCanvas && theCanvas.getContext) {
					var ctx = theCanvas.getContext("2d");
					if (ctx) {
						ctx.strokeStyle = "blue";
						ctx.lineWidth = 5;
						
						// stroke a simple bezier curve
						ctx.beginPath();
						ctx.moveTo(50,200);
						ctx.bezierCurveTo(50,300,200,100,200,150);
						ctx.stroke();
						// now make the control points visible
						ctx.strokeStyle = "rgba(0,0,0,.25)";
						ctx.lineWidth = 1;
						ctx.beginPath();
						ctx.moveTo(50,200);
						ctx.lineTo(50,300);
						ctx.lineTo(200,100);
						ctx.lineTo(200,150);
						ctx.stroke();

						// stroke a quadratic curve
						ctx.strokeStyle = "green";
						ctx.lineWidth = 5;
						ctx.beginPath();
						ctx.moveTo(400,200);
						ctx.quadraticCurveTo(500,100,600,150);
						ctx.stroke();
						// now make the control points visible
						ctx.strokeStyle = "rgba(0,0,0,.25)";
						ctx.lineWidth = 1;
						ctx.beginPath();
						ctx.moveTo(400,200);
						ctx.lineTo(500,100);
						ctx.lineTo(600,150);
						ctx.stroke();
					}
				}
			}
		</script>
	</head>
	<body>
		<h1>Drawing Bezier and Quadratic Curves</h1>
		<p>This example will draw bezier and quadratic curves, along with their control points 
		so you can see how the curve is affected by the control point.</p>
		<canvas id="Canvas1" width="700" height="300">Your browser does not support canvas.</canvas>
	</body>
</html>

绘制文字:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
	<head>
		<title>Drawing Text</title>
		<style type="text/css">
			#Canvas1 {
				border: dotted 1px black;
			}
		</style>
		<script>
			window.onload = function() {
				var theCanvas = document.getElementById('Canvas1');
				if (theCanvas && theCanvas.getContext) {
					var ctx = theCanvas.getContext("2d");
					if (ctx) {
						var theString = "Drawing Text on a Canvas";
						
						// draw a simple text string using the default settings
						ctx.fillText(theString, 20,20);
						
						// draw the string with some font information
						ctx.font = "25pt Georgia"
						ctx.fillText(theString, 20,60);

						// draw the string with a fillStyle color
						ctx.fillStyle = "blue";
						ctx.fillText(theString, 20,100);
						
						// draw the string with both a stroke and a fill with some opacity setting
						ctx.font = "32pt Verdana"
						//ctx.textBaseline="middle";
						ctx.fillStyle = "yellow";
						ctx.strokeStyle = "rgba(0,255,0,0.8)";
						ctx.fillText(theString, 20,160);						
						ctx.strokeText(theString, 20,160);
						
						// use measureText to draw a line under the text
						var textW = ctx.measureText(theString);
						ctx.beginPath();
						ctx.strokeStyle="black";
						ctx.moveTo(20,170);
						ctx.lineTo(textW.width,170);
						ctx.stroke();						
					}
				}
			}
		</script>
	</head>
	<body>
		<h1>Drawing Text</h1>
		<p>This example will draw arcs, both open and closed</p>
		<canvas id="Canvas1" width="700" height="300">Your browser does not support canvas.</canvas>
	</body>
</html>

绘制状态:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
	<head>
		<title>Saving and Restoring Canvas State</title>
		<style type="text/css">
			#Canvas1 {
				border: dotted 1px black;
			}
		</style>
		<script>
			window.onload = function() {
				var theCanvas = document.getElementById('Canvas1');
				if (theCanvas && theCanvas.getContext) {
					var ctx = theCanvas.getContext("2d");
					if (ctx) {
						// set up some drawing information
						ctx.strokeStyle = "red";
						ctx.fillStyle = "yellow";
						ctx.lineWidth = 10;
						
						// draw the first Rectangle
						ctx.fillRect(25,25,100,125);
						ctx.strokeRect(25,25,100,125);

						// now, draw another rectangle with different settings
						ctx.save(); // this will save the current settings
						
						ctx.strokeStyle = "green";
						ctx.fillStyle = "blue";
						ctx.lineWidth = 5;
						ctx.fillRect(175, 25, 100, 125);
						ctx.strokeRect(175, 25, 100, 125);
						
						ctx.restore(); // now restore the original settings
						
						// draw a stroked and filled rectangle
						ctx.fillRect(325, 25, 100, 125);
						ctx.strokeRect(325,25,100,125);
					}
				}
			}
		</script>
	</head>
	<body>
		<h1>Saving and Restoring the Canvas State</h1>
		<p>This example shows how to manage the canvas state using save() and restore()</p>
		<canvas id="Canvas1" width="500" height="300">Your browser does not support canvas.</canvas>
	</body>
</html>




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