静态/动态类型语言
- Static/Dynamic typing is about when type information is aquired (Either at compiletime or at runtime)
- 静态类型语言比较不容易出差错,很多问题能提前检查出来。而动态语言比较灵活,用起来比较浪
In a statically typed language the type is static, meaning once you set a variable to a type, you CANNOT change it. That is because typing is associated with the value rather than the variable. (静态类型语言中类型与变量是一个整体)
For example in Java:
String str = "Hello"; //statically typed as string
str = 5; //would throw an error since java is statically typed
Whereas in a dynamically typed language the type is dynamic, meaning after you set a variable to a type, you CAN change it. That is because typing is associated with the value rather than the variable. (动态类型语言中类型与值是一个整体)
For example in Python:
str = "Hello" # it is a string
str = 5 # now it is an integer; perfectly OK
强/弱类型语言
- Strong/Weak typing is about how strictly types are distinguished (e.g. whether the language tries to do implicit conversion from strings to numbers).
For example in Python:
str = 5 + "hello"
# would throw an error since it does not want to cast one type to the other implicitly.
whereas in PHP:
$str = 5 + "hello"; // equals 5 because "hello" is implicitly casted to 0
// PHP is weakly typed, thus is a very forgiving language.