《快学Scala》, <Scala For the Impatient>习题第一章

REPL:

1. In the scala REPL, type 3. followed by the Tab key. What methods can be applied?

在Scala REPL中键入3.然后按Tab键。有哪些方法可以被应用?

scala> 3.
!=   +    <=       >>             getClass       toDouble   toString
##   -    <init>   >>>            hashCode       toFloat    unary_+
%    /    ==       ^              isInstanceOf   toInt      unary_-
&    <    >        asInstanceOf   toByte         toLong     unary_~
*    <<   >=       equals         toChar         toShort    |

疑惑：在Intellij里输入一个int，比如3，怎么才能找到这些方法对应的源码呢？

2. In the Scala REPL, compute the square root of 3, and then square that value. By how much does the result differ from 3? (Hint: The res variables are your friend.)

在Scala REPL中，计算3的平方根,然后再对该值求平方。现在，这个结果与3相差多少？(提示:res变量是你的朋友)

“`scala
scala> math.pow(3, 0.5)
res1: Double = 1.7320508075688772

scala> math.pow(res1, 2)
res2: Double = 2.9999999999999996
“`

3. Are the res variables val or var?

res变量是val还是var?
val

scala> res2 = 5
<console>:13: error: reassignment to val
       res2 = 5

4. Scala lets you mulptiply a string with a number – try out "crazy" * 3 in the REPL. What does this operation do? Where can you find it in Scaladoc? Scala允许你用数字去乘字符串—去REPL中试一下”crazy”*3。这个操作做什么？在Scaladoc中如何找到这个操作?

scala> "crazy" * 3
res5: String = crazycrazycrazy

在StringLike特质中可以找到

5. What does 10 max 2 mean? In which class is the max method defined? 10 max 2的含义是什么？max方法定义在哪个类中？

10.max(2), RichInt

6. Using BigInt, compute $2^1024$. 用BigInt计算2的1024次方

scala> import scala.math
import scala.math

scala> math.BigInt(2)
res12: scala.math.BigInt = 2

scala> res12.pow(1024)
res13: scala.math.BigInt = 179769313486231590772930519078902473361797697894230657273430081157732675805500963132708477322407536021120113879871393357658789768814416622492847430639474124377767893424865485276302219601246094119453082952085005768838150682342462881473913110540827237163350510684586298239947245938479716304835356329624224137216

7. What do you need to import so that you can get a random prime as probablePrime(100, Random), without any qualifiers before probablePrime and Random? 为了在使用probablePrime(100,Random)获取随机素数时不在probablePrime和Radom之前使用任何限定符，你需要引入什么？

scala> import scala.math.BigInt._
import scala.math.BigInt._

scala> probablePrime()
<console>:14: error: not enough arguments for method probablePrime: (bitLength: Int, rnd: scala.util.Random)scala.math.BigInt.
Unspecified value parameters bitLength, rnd.
       probablePrime()
                    ^

scala> import scala.util.Random
import scala.util.Random

scala> Random
res1: scala.util.Random.type = scala.util.Random$@2ed0fbae

8. One way to create random file or directory names is to produce a random BigInt and convert it to base 36, yielding a string such as "qsnvbevtomcj38o06kul". Poke around Scaladoc to find a way of doing this in scala. 创建随机文件的方式之一是生成一个随机的BigInt，然后将它转换成三十六进制，输出类似”qsnvbevtomcj38o06kul”这样的字符串。查阅Scaladoc，找到在Scala中实现该逻辑的办法。

scala> new Random()
res8: scala.util.Random = scala.util.Random@5740ff5e

scala> res8.nextInt.toString(36)
res10: String = lco8go

9. How do you get the first character of a string in Scala? The last character? 在Scala中如何获取字符串的首字符和尾字符？

scala> "abc"
res16: String = abc

scala> res16.head
res17: Char = a

scala> res16.take(1)
res18: String = a

scala> res16(0)
res19: Char = a

scala> res16.takeRight(1)
res20: String = c

scala> res16.reverse(0)
res22: Char = c

10. What do the take, drop, takeRight, and dropRight string functions do? What advantage or disadvantage do they have over using substring? take,drop,takeRight和dropRight这些字符串函数是做什么用的？和substring相比，他们的优点和缺点都是哪些？ 

take就是取前几个字符，drop就是扔掉前几个字符，takeRight和dropRight分别实现相反的功能。好处和坏处都是使用错误的下标不会报错吧？

scala> res23.drop(1)
res24: String = bcdefg

scala> res23.drop(25)
res25: String = ""

scala> res23.substring(1)
res26: String = bcdefg

scala> res23.substring(-1)
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: String index out of range: -1
  at java.lang.String.substring(String.java:1914)
  ... 33 elided

scala> res23.drop(-1)
res28: String = abcdefg

// take, drop内部是用slice实现的
scala> "abc".slice(-1, 5)
res29: String = abc