Pyinotify文件系统监控

Pyinotify是一个Python模块，用来监测文件系统的变化。 Pyinotify依赖于Linux内核的功能—inotify（内核2.6.13合并）。 inotify的是一个事件驱动的通知器，其通知接口通过三个系统调用从内核空间到用户空间。pyinotify结合这些系统调用，并提供一个顶级的抽象和一个通用的方式来处理这些功能。

pyinotify 说百了就是通过 调用系统的inotify来实现通知的
inotify 既可以监视文件，也可以监视目录
Inotify 使用系统调用而非 SIGIO 来通知文件系统事件。

Inotify 可以监视的文件系统事件包括：
Event Name Is an Event Description
IN_ACCESS Yes file was accessed.
IN_ATTRIB Yes metadata changed.
IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE Yes unwrittable file was closed.
IN_CLOSE_WRITE Yes writtable file was closed.
IN_CREATE Yes file/dir was created in watched directory.
IN_DELETE Yes file/dir was deleted in watched directory.
IN_DELETE_SELF Yes 自删除，即一个可执行文件在执行时删除自己
IN_DONT_FOLLOW No don’t follow a symlink (lk 2.6.15).
IN_IGNORED Yes raised on watched item removing. Probably useless for you, prefer instead IN_DELETE*.
IN_ISDIR No event occurred against directory. It is always piggybacked to an event. The Event structure automatically provide this information (via .is_dir)
IN_MASK_ADD No to update a mask without overwriting the previous value (lk 2.6.14). Useful when updating a watch.
IN_MODIFY Yes file was modified.
IN_MOVE_SELF Yes 自移动，即一个可执行文件在执行时移动自己
IN_MOVED_FROM Yes file/dir in a watched dir was moved from X. Can trace the full move of an item when IN_MOVED_TO is available too, in this case if the moved item is itself watched, its path will be updated (see IN_MOVE_SELF).
IN_MOVED_TO Yes file/dir was moved to Y in a watched dir (see IN_MOVE_FROM).
IN_ONLYDIR No only watch the path if it is a directory (lk 2.6.15). Usable when calling .add_watch.
IN_OPEN Yes file was opened.
IN_Q_OVERFLOW Yes event queued overflowed. This event doesn’t belongs to any particular watch.
IN_UNMOUNT Yes 宿主文件系统被 umount

通过pyinotify来实现对文件系统的监控非常简单
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!/usr/bin/env python

encoding:utf-8

import os
from pyinotify import WatchManager, Notifier, \
ProcessEvent,IN_DELETE, IN_CREATE,IN_MODIFY

class EventHandler(ProcessEvent):
“”“事件处理”“”
def process_IN_CREATE(self, event):
print “Create file: %s ” % os.path.join(event.path,event.name)

def process_IN_DELETE(self, event):
    print   "Delete file: %s "  %   os.path.join(event.path,event.name)

def process_IN_MODIFY(self, event):
        print   "Modify file: %s "  %   os.path.join(event.path,event.name)

def FSMonitor(path=’.’):
wm = WatchManager()
mask = IN_DELETE | IN_CREATE |IN_MODIFY
notifier = Notifier(wm, EventHandler())
wm.add_watch(path, mask,rec=True)
print ‘now starting monitor %s’%(path)
while True:
try:
notifier.process_events()
if notifier.check_events():
notifier.read_events()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
notifier.stop()
break

if name == “main“:
FSMonitor()

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参考资料：

http://pyinotify.sourceforge.net/

http://trac.dbzteam.org/pyinotify/wiki

http://iyouf.info/pyinotify-monitor-filesystem.html