Servlet 采用 forward 时,页面出现汉字乱码问题的分析

经常有人问到，在servlet里面forward到一个页面之后，浏览器总是汉字的乱码。经调试发现，是由于在servlet里面不能正确调用 response.getWriter()方法造成的。

servlet 如下，如果去掉注释，则会出现乱码

package  test;

import  java.io.IOException;
import  java.io.PrintWriter;
import  javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import  javax.servlet.ServletException;
import  javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import  javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import  javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public   class  TestServlet  extends  HttpServlet  ... {
  @Override
  public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException, ServletException ...{
//    PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
    RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("/test/test2.jsp");
    requestDispatcher.forward(request, response);
  }
}

曾经尝试增加如下语句，问题依然存在

package  test;

import  java.io.IOException;
import  java.io.PrintWriter;
import  javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import  javax.servlet.ServletException;
import  javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import  javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import  javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public   class  TestServlet  extends  HttpServlet  ... {
  @Override
  public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException, ServletException ...{
    PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
    response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
    response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
    RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("/test/test2.jsp");
    requestDispatcher.forward(request, response);
  }
}

去掉后，就可以正常显示汉字了，

再次测试，发现是语句的顺序有问题，需要调整为如下的代码即可

package  test;

import  java.io.IOException;
import  java.io.PrintWriter;
import  javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import  javax.servlet.ServletException;
import  javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import  javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import  javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public   class  TestServlet  extends  HttpServlet  ... {
  @Override
  public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException, ServletException ...{
    response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); // 先指定输出流的编码
    PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); // 再拿到输出对象
    response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
    RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("/test/test2.jsp");
    requestDispatcher.forward(request, response);
  }
}

看来，response.getWriter() 在内部的实现上，影响了输出流的编码集。必须先指定编码集，再调用Writer才可以。

 

附test2.jsp的代码

<% @ page language = " java "  contentType = " text/html; charset=UTF-8 "  pageEncoding = " UTF-8 " %>
< pre > 中文
<%= " 中文2 " %>
</ pre >

web.xml, 未使用任何过滤器 

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< web-app  id ="WebApp_ID"  version ="2.4"  xmlns ="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
  xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation ="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd" >
   < display-name > www.java2000.net </ display-name >
   < welcome-file-list >
     < welcome-file > index.html </ welcome-file >
     < welcome-file > index.htm </ welcome-file >
     < welcome-file > index.jsp </ welcome-file >
     < welcome-file > default.html </ welcome-file >
     < welcome-file > default.htm </ welcome-file >
     < welcome-file > default.jsp </ welcome-file >
   </ welcome-file-list >
</ web-app >