笔记-python 3 操作 excel

简介

xlrd用来读取excel文件，xlwt用来写excel文件，它们合作来对excel进行操作。

官方文档：http://www.python-excel.org/

xlrd官方介绍：https://pypi.python.org/pypi/xlrd/1.0.0

xlwt官方介绍：https://pypi.python.org/pypi/xlwt/1.1.2

xlutils官方介绍：https://pypi.python.org/pypi/xlutils

http://xlutils.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

1. 关于xlrd:

Library for developers to extract data from Microsoft Excel ™ spreadsheet files

Extract data from Excel spreadsheets (.xls and .xlsx, versions 2.0 onwards) on any platform. Pure Python (2.6, 2.7, 3.2+). Strong support for Excel dates. Unicode-aware.

翻译过来总结就是：

xlrd 可以在任意平台上读取的excel为： .xls以及 .xlsx 。

xlrd支持和的python版本是： 2.6，2.7 ， 3.2+。
2. 关于xlwt：

Library to create spreadsheet files compatible with MS Excel 97/2000/XP/2003 XLS files, on any platform, with Python 2.6, 2.6, 3.3+
This is a library for developers to use to generate spreadsheet files compatible with Microsoft Excel versions 95 to 2003.

翻译过来总结就是：

xlwt支持的excel版本是： Microsoft excel版本 95—2003，也就是 xls文件。

xlwt支持的python版本是：2.6 , 3.3+.
3. 关于xlutils：

This package provides a collection of utilities for working with Excel files. Since these utilities may require either or both of the xlrd and xlwt packages, they are collected together here, separate from either package.

Currently available are:

xlutils.copy
Tools for copying xlrd.Book objects to xlwt.Workbook objects.
xlutils.display
Utility functions for displaying information about xlrd-related objects in a user-friendly and safe fashion.
xlutils.filter
A mini framework for splitting and filtering Excel files into new Excel files.
xlutils.margins
Tools for finding how much of an Excel file contains useful data.
xlutils.save
Tools for serializing xlrd.Book objects back to Excel files.
xlutils.styles
Tools for working with formatting information expressed in styles.

翻译过来总结就是：

如果需要在 xlrd以及 xlwt之间进行交互的话，比如拷贝 xlrd 到 xlwt 需要用到xlutils。

目前提供了 copy、display、filter、margins、Save、styles几个函数。

安装 xlrd 和 xlwt

pip install xlrd
pip install xlwt
pip install xlutils
pip list

xlrd (1.0.0) 
xlutils (2.0.0) 
xlwt (1.1.2)

使用

1. 新建一个excel文件（xlwt）

#coding='utf-8'

import xlwt
from datetime import  datetime

def set_style(font_name,font_height,bold=False):
    style=xlwt.XFStyle()
    
    font=xlwt.Font()
    font.name=font_name         # 'Times New Roman'
    font.height=font_height
    font.bold=bold
    font.colour_index=4
    
    borders=xlwt.Borders()
    borders.left=6
    borders.right=6
    borders.top=6
    borders.bottom=6
    
    style.font=font
    style.borders=borders
    return style

def write_to_excel_xlwt():
    '''Write content to a new excel'''
    new_workbook=xlwt.Workbook()
    new_sheet=new_workbook.add_sheet("SheetName_test")
    new_sheet.write(0,0,"hello") 
    #write cell with style
    new_sheet.write(0,1,"world",set_style("Times New Roman", 220, True))  
    
    style0 = xlwt.easyxf('font: name Times New Roman, color-index red, bold on',num_format_str='#,##0.00')
    style1 = xlwt.easyxf(num_format_str='D-MMM-YY')
    new_sheet.write(1, 0, 1234.56, style0)
    new_sheet.write(1, 1, datetime.now(), style1)
    
    #write cell with formula
    new_sheet.write(2,0,5)
    new_sheet.write(2,1,8)
    new_sheet.write(3,0, xlwt.Formula("A3+B3"))

    new_workbook.save(r"NewCreateWorkbook.xls")         #if change to xlsx,then open failed
    
if __name__=="__main__":
    write_to_excel_xlwt()

代码执行之后，在当前路径下生成excel文件 “NewCreateWorkbook.xls”。内容如下 ：

2. 读取excel文件(xlrd)

#coding='utf-8'

import xlrd
    
def read_excel_xlrd():
    '''Read Excel with xlrd'''
    #file
    TC_workbook=xlrd.open_workbook(r"NewCreateWorkbook.xls")

    #sheet
    all_sheets_list=TC_workbook.sheet_names()
    print("All sheets name in File:",all_sheets_list)
    
    first_sheet=TC_workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
    print("First sheet Name:",first_sheet.name)
    print("First sheet Rows:",first_sheet.nrows)
    print("First sheet Cols:",first_sheet.ncols)
    
    second_sheet=TC_workbook.sheet_by_name("SheetName_test")
    print("Second sheet Rows:",second_sheet.nrows)
    print("Second sheet Cols:",second_sheet.ncols)
    
    first_row=first_sheet.row_values(0)
    print("First row:",first_row)
    first_col=first_sheet.col_values(0)
    print("First Column:",first_col)
    
    # cell
    cell_value=first_sheet.cell(1,0).value
    print("The 1th method to get Cell value of row 2 & col 1:",cell_value)
    cell_value2=first_sheet.row(1)[0].value
    print("The 2th method to get Cell value of row 2 & col 1:",cell_value2)
    cell_value3=first_sheet.col(0)[1].value
    print("The 3th method to get Cell value of row 2 & col 1:",cell_value3)
    
if __name__=="__main__":
    read_excel_xlrd()

运行之后，控制台输出如下 ：

All sheets name in File: ['SheetName_test']
First sheet Name: SheetName_test
First sheet Rows: 4
First sheet Cols: 2
Second sheet Rows: 4
Second sheet Cols: 2
First row: ['hello', 'world']
First Column: ['hello', 1234.56, 5.0, '']
The 1th method to get Cell value of row 2 & col 1: 1234.56
The 2th method to get Cell value of row 2 & col 1: 1234.56
The 3th method to get Cell value of row 2 & col 1: 1234.56

3. 向已经存在的excel写入(xlrd&xlwt&xlutils)

#coding='utf-8'

import xlrd
import xlwt
from xlutils.copy import copy
    
def write_to_existed_file():
    '''Write content to existed excel file with xlrd&xlutils&xlwt'''
    rb = xlrd.open_workbook(r"NewCreateWorkbook.xls",formatting_info=True)

    wb = copy(rb)
    ws = wb.get_sheet(0)
    
    font=xlwt.Font()
    font.name="Times New Roman"
    font.height=220
    font.bold=False
    
    borders = xlwt.Borders()
    borders.left = xlwt.Borders.THIN
    borders.right = xlwt.Borders.THIN
    borders.top = xlwt.Borders.THIN
    borders.bottom = xlwt.Borders.THIN
    
    pattern = xlwt.Pattern()
    pattern.pattern = xlwt.Pattern.SOLID_PATTERN
    pattern.pattern_fore_colour = 2
    
    cell_style = xlwt.XFStyle()
    cell_style.font = font
    cell_style.borders = borders
    cell_style.pattern = pattern
    
    ws.write(6,7,"hello world",cell_style)
    wb.save(r"NewCreateWorkbook.xls")
    
if __name__=="__main__":
    write_to_existed_file()

运行之后，excel文件内容如下：