建模功能包
入之前建立的工作空间，再创建机器人建模的功能包
功能包的文件结构：
cd ~/catkin_ws/src/mbot_description
mkdir urdf
mkdir meshes
mkdir launch
mkdir config
编辑 launch 启动文件
cd ~/catkin_ws/src/mbot_description/launch
sudo gedit display_mbot_base_urdf.launch
<param name="robot_description" textfile="$(find mbot_description)/urdf/mbot_base.urdf" />
<!-- 设置GUI参数，显示关节控制插件 -->
<param name="use_gui" value="true"/>
<!-- 运行joint_state_publisher节点，发布机器人的关节状态 -->
<node name="joint_state_publisher" pkg="joint_state_publisher" type="joint_state_publisher" />
<!-- 运行robot_state_publisher节点，发布tf -->
<node name="robot_state_publisher" pkg="robot_state_publisher" type="state_publisher" />
<!-- 运行rviz可视化界面，保存每次打开之后的相关插件，保存到config文件夹下面 -->
<node name="rviz" pkg="rviz" type="rviz" args="-d $(find mbot_description)/config/mbot_urdf.rviz" required="true" />
建立 URDF 模型
小车模型
创建小车底盘：
进入 urdf 文件夹下，并创建 mbot_base.urdf 文件
cd ~/catkin_ws/src/mbot_description/urdf
sudo gedit mbot_base.urdf
粘贴以下代码：
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<robot name="mbot">
<link name="base_link">
<visual>
<origin xyz=" 0 0 0" rpy="0 0 0" />
<!-- link坐标位置，放在最中央 ，xyz单位是米，rpy单位是弧度-->
<geometry>
<cylinder length="0.16" radius="0.20"/>
</geometry>
<!-- 机器人的外观效果，使用圆柱体，高0.16，半径0.20 -->
<material name="yellow">
<color rgba="1 0.4 0 1"/>
</material>
<!-- 通过rgba来描述颜色，颜色命名为yellow,a为1是不透明-->
</visual>
<!--visual指的是一些物理属性的标签 -->
</link>
</robot>
创建左侧车轮：
编辑 urdf 文件
粘贴以下代码
<joint name="left_wheel_joint" type="continuous">
<!-- joint名字为left_wheel_joint，属性为continuous，即无限旋转-->
<origin xyz="0 0.19 -0.05" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<!-- 坐标位置，在base_link基础上，Y偏移0.19，z偏移-0.05-->
<parent link="base_link"/>
<child link="left_wheel_link"/>
<!-- 主关节：base_link，上面的圆柱形车体-->
<!-- 子关节：left_wheel_link，左轮-->
<!-- 主关节最后是一个，本代码是base_link-->
<axis xyz="0 1 0"/>
<!--left_wheel_link绕某一个轴做旋转，指定为Y轴 -->
</joint>
<!--joint用来连接两个link-->
<link name="left_wheel_link">
<visual>
<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="1.5707 0 0" />
<geometry>
<cylinder radius="0.06" length = "0.025"/>
</geometry>
<material name="white">
<color rgba="1 1 1 0.9"/>
</material>
</visual>
</link>
<!--左轮信息-->
粘贴到 < robot > 下
再次查看显示效果
roslaunch mbot_description display_mbot_base_urdf.launch
提醒这两个位置，修改正常了才能显示模型
创建右侧车轮
编辑 mbot_base.urdf 文件，并在 < robot > 下添加代码即可
sudo gedit mbot_base.urdf
<joint name="right_wheel_joint" type="continuous">
<origin xyz="0 -0.19 -0.05" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<!-- 坐标位置，在base_link基础上，Y偏移-0.19，z偏移-0.05，与左轮正好相反-->
<parent link="base_link"/>
<child link="right_wheel_link"/>
<axis xyz="0 1 0"/>
</joint>
<link name="right_wheel_link">
<visual>
<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="1.5707 0 0" />
<geometry>
<cylinder radius="0.06" length = "0.025"/>
</geometry>
<material name="white">
<color rgba="1 1 1 0.9"/>
</material>
</visual>
</link>
创建前后支撑轮
sudo gedit mbot_base.urdf
<joint name="front_caster_joint" type="continuous">
<origin xyz="0.18 0 -0.095" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<parent link="base_link"/>
<child link="front_caster_link"/>
<axis xyz="0 1 0"/>
</joint>
<link name="front_caster_link">
<visual>
<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<geometry>
<sphere radius="0.015" />
<!--用圆形轮子代替 -->
</geometry>
<material name="black">
<color rgba="0 0 0 0.95"/>
</material>
</visual>
</link>
<joint name="back_caster_joint" type="continuous">
<origin xyz="-0.18 0 -0.095" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<parent link="base_link"/>
<child link="back_caster_link"/>
<axis xyz="0 1 0"/>
</joint>
<link name="back_caster_link">
<visual>
<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<geometry>
<sphere radius="0.015" />
</geometry>
<material name="black">
<color rgba="0 0 0 0.95"/>
</material>
</visual>
</link>
增设传感器
在 urdf 下创建 mbot_with_camera.urdf 文件。
cd ~/catkin_ws/src/mbot_description/urdf
sudo gedit mbot_with_camera.urdf
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<robot name="mbot">
<link name="base_link">
<visual>
<origin xyz=" 0 0 0" rpy="0 0 0" />
<geometry>
<cylinder length="0.16" radius="0.20"/>
</geometry>
<material name="yellow">
<color rgba="1 0.4 0 1"/>
</material>
</visual>
</link>
<joint name="left_wheel_joint" type="continuous">
<origin xyz="0 0.19 -0.05" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<parent link="base_link"/>
<child link="left_wheel_link"/>
<axis xyz="0 1 0"/>
</joint>
<link name="left_wheel_link">
<visual>
<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="1.5707 0 0" />
<geometry>
<cylinder radius="0.06" length = "0.025"/>
</geometry>
<material name="white">
<color rgba="1 1 1 0.9"/>
</material>
</visual>
</link>
<joint name="right_wheel_joint" type="continuous">
<origin xyz="0 -0.19 -0.05" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<parent link="base_link"/>
<child link="right_wheel_link"/>
<axis xyz="0 1 0"/>
</joint>
<link name="right_wheel_link">
<visual>
<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="1.5707 0 0" />
<geometry>
<cylinder radius="0.06" length = "0.025"/>
</geometry>
<material name="white">
<color rgba="1 1 1 0.9"/>
</material>
</visual>
</link>
<joint name="front_caster_joint" type="continuous">
<origin xyz="0.18 0 -0.095" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<parent link="base_link"/>
<child link="front_caster_link"/>
<axis xyz="0 1 0"/>
</joint>
<link name="front_caster_link">
<visual>
<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<geometry>
<sphere radius="0.015" />
</geometry>
<material name="black">
<color rgba="0 0 0 0.95"/>
</material>
</visual>
</link>
<joint name="back_caster_joint" type="continuous">
<origin xyz="-0.18 0 -0.095" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<parent link="base_link"/>
<child link="back_caster_link"/>
<axis xyz="0 1 0"/>
</joint>
<link name="back_caster_link">
<visual>
<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<geometry>
<sphere radius="0.015" />
</geometry>
<material name="black">
<color rgba="0 0 0 0.95"/>
</material>
</visual>
</link>
<!--摄像头相关内容-->
<link name="camera_link">
<visual>
<origin xyz=" 0 0 0 " rpy="0 0 0" />
<geometry>
<box size="0.03 0.04 0.04" />
<!--外观是个盒子模拟成摄像头，长宽高分别是0.03 0.04 0.04-->
</geometry>
<material name="black">
<color rgba="0 0 0 0.95"/>
</material>
</visual>
</link>
<joint name="camera_joint" type="fixed">
<origin xyz="0.17 0 0.10" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<parent link="base_link"/>
<child link="camera_link"/>
</joint>
</robot>
进入到 launch 文件夹下，创建 display_mbot_with_camera_urdf.launch 文件。
cd ~/catkin_ws/src/mbot_description/launch
sudo gedit display_mbot_with_camera_urdf.launch
<launch>
<param name="robot_description" textfile="$(find mbot_description)/urdf/mbot_with_camera.urdf" />
<param name="use_gui" value="true"/>
<node name="joint_state_publisher" pkg="joint_state_publisher" type="joint_state_publisher" />
<node name="robot_state_publisher" pkg="robot_state_publisher" type="state_publisher" />
<node name="rviz" pkg="rviz" type="rviz" args="-d $(find mbot_description)/config/mbot_urdf.rviz" required="true" />
</launch>
加入激光雷达（Lidar）
在 urdf 下创建 mbot_with_laser.urdf 文件。
cd ./catkin_ws/src/mbot_description/urdf
sudo gedit mbot_with_laser.urdf
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<robot name="mbot">
<link name="base_link">
<visual>
<origin xyz=" 0 0 0" rpy="0 0 0" />
<geometry>
<cylinder length="0.16" radius="0.20"/>
</geometry>
<material name="yellow">
<color rgba="1 0.4 0 1"/>
</material>
</visual>
</link>
<joint name="left_wheel_joint" type="continuous">
<origin xyz="0 0.19 -0.05" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<parent link="base_link"/>
<child link="left_wheel_link"/>
<axis xyz="0 1 0"/>
</joint>
<link name="left_wheel_link">
<visual>
<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="1.5707 0 0" />
<geometry>
<cylinder radius="0.06" length = "0.025"/>
</geometry>
<material name="white">
<color rgba="1 1 1 0.9"/>
</material>
</visual>
</link>
<joint name="right_wheel_joint" type="continuous">
<origin xyz="0 -0.19 -0.05" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<parent link="base_link"/>
<child link="right_wheel_link"/>
<axis xyz="0 1 0"/>
</joint>
<link name="right_wheel_link">
<visual>
<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="1.5707 0 0" />
<geometry>
<cylinder radius="0.06" length = "0.025"/>
</geometry>
<material name="white">
<color rgba="1 1 1 0.9"/>
</material>
</visual>
</link>
<joint name="front_caster_joint" type="continuous">
<origin xyz="0.18 0 -0.095" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<parent link="base_link"/>
<child link="front_caster_link"/>
<axis xyz="0 1 0"/>
</joint>
<link name="front_caster_link">
<visual>
<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<geometry>
<sphere radius="0.015" />
</geometry>
<material name="black">
<color rgba="0 0 0 0.95"/>
</material>
</visual>
</link>
<joint name="back_caster_joint" type="continuous">
<origin xyz="-0.18 0 -0.095" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<parent link="base_link"/>
<child link="back_caster_link"/>
<axis xyz="0 1 0"/>
</joint>
<link name="back_caster_link">
<visual>
<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<geometry>
<sphere radius="0.015" />
</geometry>
<material name="black">
<color rgba="0 0 0 0.95"/>
</material>
</visual>
</link>
<link name="laser_link">
<visual>
<origin xyz=" 0 0 0 " rpy="0 0 0" />
<geometry>
<cylinder length="0.05" radius="0.05"/>
</geometry>
<material name="black"/>
</visual>
</link>
<joint name="laser_joint" type="fixed">
<origin xyz="0 0 0.105" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<parent link="base_link"/>
<child link="laser_link"/>
</joint>
</robot>
在 launch 下创建 display_mbot_with_laser_urdf.launch 文件。
cd ./catkin_ws/src/mbot_description/launch
sudo gedit display_mbot_with_laser_urdf.launch
<launch>
<param name="robot_description" textfile="$(find mbot_description)/urdf/mbot_with_laser.urdf" />
<param name="use_gui" value="true"/>
<node name="joint_state_publisher" pkg="joint_state_publisher" type="joint_state_publisher" />
<node name="robot_state_publisher" pkg="robot_state_publisher" type="state_publisher" />
<node name="rviz" pkg="rviz" type="rviz" args="-d $(find mbot_description)/config/mbot_urdf.rviz" required="true" />
</launch>
加入体感（Kinect）
在 urdf 下创建 mbot_with_kinect.urdf 文件。
cd ./catkin_ws/src/mbot_description/urdf
sudo gedit mbot_with_kinect.urdf
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<robot name="mbot">
<link name="base_link">
<visual>
<origin xyz=" 0 0 0" rpy="0 0 0" />
<geometry>
<cylinder length="0.16" radius="0.20"/>
</geometry>
<material name="yellow">
<color rgba="1 0.4 0 1"/>
</material>
</visual>
</link>
<joint name="left_wheel_joint" type="continuous">
<origin xyz="0 0.19 -0.05" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<parent link="base_link"/>
<child link="left_wheel_link"/>
<axis xyz="0 1 0"/>
</joint>
<link name="left_wheel_link">
<visual>
<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="1.5707 0 0" />
<geometry>
<cylinder radius="0.06" length = "0.025"/>
</geometry>
<material name="white">
<color rgba="1 1 1 0.9"/>
</material>
</visual>
</link>
<joint name="right_wheel_joint" type="continuous">
<origin xyz="0 -0.19 -0.05" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<parent link="base_link"/>
<child link="right_wheel_link"/>
<axis xyz="0 1 0"/>
</joint>
<link name="right_wheel_link">
<visual>
<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="1.5707 0 0" />
<geometry>
<cylinder radius="0.06" length = "0.025"/>
</geometry>
<material name="white">
<color rgba="1 1 1 0.9"/>
</material>
</visual>
</link>
<joint name="front_caster_joint" type="continuous">
<origin xyz="0.18 0 -0.095" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<parent link="base_link"/>
<child link="front_caster_link"/>
<axis xyz="0 1 0"/>
</joint>
<link name="front_caster_link">
<visual>
<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<geometry>
<sphere radius="0.015" />
</geometry>
<material name="black">
<color rgba="0 0 0 0.95"/>
</material>
</visual>
</link>
<joint name="back_caster_joint" type="continuous">
<origin xyz="-0.18 0 -0.095" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<parent link="base_link"/>
<child link="back_caster_link"/>
<axis xyz="0 1 0"/>
</joint>
<link name="back_caster_link">
<visual>
<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<geometry>
<sphere radius="0.015" />
</geometry>
<material name="black">
<color rgba="0 0 0 0.95"/>
</material>
</visual>
</link>
<link name="kinect_link">
<visual>
<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="0 0 1.5708"/>
<geometry>
<mesh filename="package://mbot_description/meshes/kinect.dae" />
</geometry>
</visual>
</link>
<joint name="laser_joint" type="fixed">
<origin xyz="0.15 0 0.11" rpy="0 0 0"/>
<parent link="base_link"/>
<child link="kinect_link"/>
</joint>
</robot>
在 launch 下创建 mbot_with_kinect.urdf 文件。
cd ./catkin_ws/src/mbot_description/launch
sudo gedit mbot_with_kinect.launch
<launch>
<param name="robot_description" textfile="$(find mbot_description)/urdf/mbot_with_kinect.urdf" />
<param name="use_gui" value="true"/>
<node name="joint_state_publisher" pkg="joint_state_publisher" type="joint_state_publisher" />
<node name="robot_state_publisher" pkg="robot_state_publisher" type="state_publisher" />
<node name="rviz" pkg="rviz" type="rviz" args="-d $(find mbot_description)/config/mbot_urdf.rviz" required="true" />
</launch>
能运行 RViz 但是会报一个错。
检查模型整体结构
urdf_to_graphiz mbot_with_camera.urdf
sudo apt install liburdfdom-tools
cd ~/catkin_ws/src/mbot_description/urdf/
urdf_to_graphiz mbot_with_camera.urdf
生成了两个文件。
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