2009年4月开发语言排行榜

4月份语言排行榜出来了，排行榜排位基本没什么大的变化，本月关注的当然是JAVA语言，由于金融危机，SUN这个巨头不得不出售自己的公司

也许是因为SUN的收购事件导致了百分率下降了%0.5左右，加上IBM收购SUN的谈判暂时的破裂，JAVA语言略微的下降是早已预料到的。

     自从收购消息出来后，我也一直在关注此事，其实这个事件结果对我们没多大影响，毕竟JAVA开发人员数量庞大，不可能因为收购事件而影响到什么。看到很多网友们的评论

悲观，乐观的态度都有，一方是认为收购后毕竟不是“亲生儿子”IBM可能会打压JAVA，另一方面认为，JAVA有着庞大的市场，是一个优秀的开发语言，相信在IBM的带领下迎来第二个春天。

  目前最新进展是IBM不接受SUN的收购价格，谈判暂时停了下来，未来的事态继续关注ing。

 

下面是本月排行榜

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TIOBE Programming Community Index for April 2009

April Headline: MATLAB re-enters top 20

The TIOBE Programming Community index gives an indication of the popularity of programming languages. The index is updated once a month. The ratings are based on the number of skilled engineers world-wide, courses and third party vendors. The popular search engines Google, MSN, Yahoo!, and YouTube are used to calculate the ratings. Observe that the TIOBE index is not about the best programming language or the language in which most lines of code have been written.

The index can be used to check whether your programming skills are still up to date or to make a strategic decision about what programming language should be adopted when starting to build a new software system. The definition of the TIOBE index can be found here.

Position Apr 2009	Position Apr 2008	Delta in Position	Programming Language	Ratings Apr 2009	Delta Apr 2008	Status
1	1		Java	19.341%	-1.55%	A
2	2		C	15.472%	-0.04%	A
3	3		C++	10.741%	-0.06%	A
4	4		PHP	9.888%	-0.32%	A
5	5		(Visual) Basic	9.097%	-0.69%	A
6	7		Python	6.080%	+1.18%	A
7	8		C#	4.059%	+0.00%	A
8	9		JavaScript	3.678%	+0.75%	A
9	6		Perl	3.462%	-2.09%	A
10	10		Ruby	2.569%	-0.07%	A
11	11		Delphi	2.272%	+0.25%	A
12	14		PL/SQL	1.086%	+0.33%	A
13	12		D	1.076%	-0.37%	A
14	13		SAS	0.792%	-0.13%	A
15	15		Pascal	0.717%	+0.12%	A-
16	21		Logo	0.707%	+0.37%	A
17	27		ABAP	0.658%	+0.42%	B
18	26		RPG (OS/400)	0.646%	+0.40%	B
19	19		Lua	0.491%	+0.12%	B
20	23		MATLAB	0.482%	+0.22%	B

 

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Long term trends

The long term trends for the top 10 programming languages can be found in the line diagram below.

 

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Other programming languages

The complete top 50 of programming languages is listed below. This overview is published unofficially, because it could be the case that we missed a language. If you have the impression there is a programming language lacking, please notify us at tpci@tiobe.com.

Position	Programming Language	Ratings
21	COBOL	0.463%
22	ActionScript	0.451%
23	Lisp/Scheme	0.443%
24	FoxPro/xBase	0.393%
25	Ada	0.356%
26	Fortran	0.341%
27	PowerShell	0.250%
28	Scala	0.237%
29	LabVIEW	0.230%
30	Prolog	0.223%
31	Alice	0.207%
32	Erlang	0.195%
33	Scratch	0.178%
34	Transact-SQL	0.170%
35	Haskell	0.169%
36	Groovy	0.165%
37	Falcon	0.163%
38	Focus	0.151%
39	Awk	0.149%
40	ML	0.142%
41	NXT-G	0.134%
42	Objective-C	0.134%
43	Smalltalk	0.123%
44	Bourne shell	0.118%
45	Tcl/Tk	0.115%
46	Euphoria	0.111%
47	Caml/F#	0.110%
48	Forth	0.109%
49	CL (OS/400)	0.108%
50	J	0.102%

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The Next 50 Programming Languages

The following list of languages denotes #51 to #100. Since the differences are relatively small, the programming languages are only listed (in alphabetical order).

 

• ABC, AD, Alpha, APL, Applescript, bc, Beta, Boo, C shell, cg, Clean, Clojure, Cobra, cT, Curl, Dylan, Eiffel, Factor, Icon, IDL, Inform, Io, Lingo, MAD, Magic, Maple, Mathematica, MAX/MSP, MOO, MUMPS, Natural, Occam, Oz, PILOT, PL/I, Postscript, PowerBuilder, Progress, Q, R, Revolution, REXX, S-lang, SIGNAL, SPSS, SuperCollider, VBScript, Verilog, VHDL, XSLT

 

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April Newsflash - Brought to you by Paul Jansen

• This month the following changes have been made to the index:
  • DTrace has been excluded from the programming language D (thanks to Alexandru Popa).
  • The scripting language MEL has been added to the list of languages to be monitored. MEL is currently at position 110.
• To see the bigger picture, please find the 5 years delta in the table below.
  
  

  Position Apr 2009	Position Apr 2004	Delta in Position	Programming Language	Ratings Mar 2009	Delta Mar 2004
  1	1		Java	19.341%	-4.90%
  2	2		C	15.472%	-2.28%
  3	3		C++	10.741%	-5.25%
  4	4		PHP	9.888%	+0.13%
  5	5		(Visual) Basic	9.097%	+1.12%
  6	9		Python	6.080%	+5.07%
  7	7		C#	4.059%	+1.92%
  8	8		JavaScript	3.678%	+1.90%
  9	6		Perl	3.462%	-4.30%
  10	22		Ruby	2.569%	+2.37%

  
  
• The winners of the "Language of the Year" award are shown below.
  
  

  Year	Winner
  2008	C
  2007	Python
  2006	Ruby
  2005	Java
  2004	PHP
  2003	C++

• In the tables below some long term trends are listed about categories of languages. The object-oriented paradigm is still very high at 55.6%. The popularity of dynamically typed languages seems to stabilize (see trend diagram below).
  
  

  Category	Ratings April 2009	Delta April 2008
  Object-Oriented Languages	55.6%	+0.0%
  Procedural Languages	40.3%	-1.1%
  Functional Languages	3.0%	+0.8%
  Logical Languages	1.2%	+0.2%

  
  
  

  Category	Ratings April 2009	Delta April 2008
  Statically Typed Languages	57.2%	-0.9%
  Dynamically Typed Languages	42.8%	+0.9%

   

  

 

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Frequently Asked Questions

• Q: What definition of programming languages has been used?
  
  

  A: A language is considered a programming language if it is Turing complete. As a consequence, HTML and XML are not considered programming languages. This also holds for data query language SQL. SQL is not a programming language because it is, for instance, impossible to write an infinite loop in it. On the other hand, SQL extensions PL/SQL and Transact-SQL are programming languages. ASP and ASP.NET are also not programming languages because they make use of other languages such as JavaScript and VBScript or .NET compatible languages. The same is true for frameworks such as Ruby on Rails, ColdFusion, Cocoa, and technologies such as AJAX. Finally, we have also excluded assembly languages, although Turing complete, because they have a very different nature.

• Q: How are dialects of languages grouped?

  A: Some languages are grouped together because they are very similar to each other. An example is the language entry Basic which covers Visual Basic, QBasic, Microsoft Basic, etc. VB.NET has been added as well to the Visual Basic entry because it is often referred to as Visual Basic. The ratings for a collection of languages is calculated by taking the maximum of all individual entries (not its sum!).

• Q: Am I allowed to show the TIOBE index in my weblog/presentation/publication?

  A: This is OK provided that you refer to its original source: www.tiobe.com.

• Q: I would like to have the complete data set of the TIOBE index. Is this possible?

  A: We spent a lot of effort to obtain all the data and keep the TIOBE index up to date. In order to compensate a bit for this, we ask a fee of 1,500 US$ for the complete data set. This might seem a lot of money but it is considered strategic data. The data set runs from June 2001 till today. It started with 25 languages back in 2001, and now measures more than 150 languages at least 10 times per month. The data are availabe in comma separated format. Part of the deal is that new data will be send to you for 1 extra year. Please contact sales@tiobe.com for more information.

• Q: What happened to Java in April 2004? Did you change your methodology?

  A: No, we did not change our methodology at that time. Google changed its methodology. They performed a general sweep action to get rid of all kinds of web sites that had been pushed up. As a consequence, there was a huge drop for languages such as Java and C++. In order to minimize such fluctuations in the future, we added two more search engines (MSN and Yahoo) a few months after this incident.

• Q: Why is YouTube used as a search engine for the TIOBE index?

  A: First of all, YouTube counts only for 7% of all ratings, so it has hardly any influence on the index. YouTube has been added as an experiment. It qualified for the TIOBE index because of its high ranking on Alexa. YouTube is a young platform (so an indicator for popularity) and there are quite some lectures, presentations, programming tips and language introductions available on YouTube.