java设计模式（十）—— 责任链模式

责任链模式（Chain of Responsibility Pattern）为请求创建了一个接收者对象的链。这种模式给予请求的类型，对请求的发送者和接收者进行解耦。这种类型的设计模式属于行为型模式。

 

在这种模式中，通常每个接收者都包含对另一个接收者的引用。如果一个对象不能处理该请求，那么它会把相同的请求传给下一个接收者，依此类推。

 

servlet中的Filter

servlet中分别定义了一个 Filter和FilterChain的接口，核心代码如下：

public final class ApplicationFilterChain implements FilterChain {
    private int pos = 0; //当前执行filter的offset
    private int n; //当前filter的数量
    private ApplicationFilterConfig[] filters;  //filter配置类，通过getFilter()方法获取Filter
    private Servlet servlet
  
    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) {
        if (pos < n) {
            ApplicationFilterConfig filterConfig = filters[pos++];
            Filter filter = filterConfig.getFilter();
            filter.doFilter(request, response, this);
        } else {
            // filter都处理完毕后，执行servlet
            servlet.service(request, response);
        }
    }
  
}

第二种：

public abstract class AbstractLogger {
   public static int INFO = 1;
   public static int DEBUG = 2;
   public static int ERROR = 3;
 
   protected int level;
 
   //责任链中的下一个元素
   protected AbstractLogger nextLogger;
 
   public void setNextLogger(AbstractLogger nextLogger){
      this.nextLogger = nextLogger;
   }
 
   public void logMessage(int level, String message){
      if(this.level <= level){
         write(message);
      }
      if(nextLogger !=null){
         nextLogger.logMessage(level, message);
      }
   }
 
   abstract protected void write(String message);
   
}
步骤 2
创建扩展了该记录器类的实体类。

ConsoleLogger.java
public class ConsoleLogger extends AbstractLogger {
 
   public ConsoleLogger(int level){
      this.level = level;
   }
 
   @Override
   protected void write(String message) {    
      System.out.println("Standard Console::Logger: " + message);
   }
}
ErrorLogger.java
public class ErrorLogger extends AbstractLogger {
 
   public ErrorLogger(int level){
      this.level = level;
   }
 
   @Override
   protected void write(String message) {    
      System.out.println("Error Console::Logger: " + message);
   }
}
FileLogger.java
public class FileLogger extends AbstractLogger {
 
   public FileLogger(int level){
      this.level = level;
   }
 
   @Override
   protected void write(String message) {    
      System.out.println("File::Logger: " + message);
   }
}
步骤 3
创建不同类型的记录器。赋予它们不同的错误级别，并在每个记录器中设置下一个记录器。每个记录器中的下一个记录器代表的是链的一部分。

ChainPatternDemo.java
public class ChainPatternDemo {
   
   private static AbstractLogger getChainOfLoggers(){
 
      AbstractLogger errorLogger = new ErrorLogger(AbstractLogger.ERROR);
      AbstractLogger fileLogger = new FileLogger(AbstractLogger.DEBUG);
      AbstractLogger consoleLogger = new ConsoleLogger(AbstractLogger.INFO);
 
      errorLogger.setNextLogger(fileLogger);
      fileLogger.setNextLogger(consoleLogger);
 
      return errorLogger;  
   }
 
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      AbstractLogger loggerChain = getChainOfLoggers();
 
      loggerChain.logMessage(AbstractLogger.INFO, 
         "This is an information.");
 
      loggerChain.logMessage(AbstractLogger.DEBUG, 
         "This is an debug level information.");
 
      loggerChain.logMessage(AbstractLogger.ERROR, 
         "This is an error information.");
   }
}
步骤 4
执行程序，输出结果：

Standard Console::Logger: This is an information.
File::Logger: This is an debug level information.
Standard Console::Logger: This is an debug level information.
Error Console::Logger: This is an error information.
File::Logger: This is an error information.
Standard Console::Logger: This is an error information.