一、导包(4+2+1)
分别为:
1.spring beans+
2.spring context+
3.spring core+
4.spring expression+
5.apache commons logging+
6.apache log4j+
7.spring aop
二、主配置文件applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd ">
<!-- 开启使用注解配置,spring会自动扫描指定包下的所有子孙包
-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.aitiman.bean"></context:component-scan>
<bean name="car2" class="com.aitiman.bean.Car">
<property name="name" value="本田"></property>
<property name="color" value="red"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
三、在类中使用注解完成配置,用了两个bean :User和Car
User.java
package com.aitiman.bean;
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/*import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;*/
@Component("user")//将对象注册到Spring容器中,相当于<bean name="user" class="com.aitiman.bean.User" />
/* @Service("user")//表示这个对象为service层
@Controller("user")//表示这个对象为web层
@Repository("user")//表示这个对象为数据层
//实际上,以上四种配置功能一模一样,只是为了标明对象的用途
*/
@Scope(scopeName="singleton")//设置bean的作用范围,scopeName的值有两种:单例:singleton(默认,不标就是单例) 多例:prototype
public class User {
/* @Value("tom")//通过反射给field赋值,破坏了封装性
*/ private String name;
private Integer age;
/* @Autowired//自动装配,扫描容器中所有符合Car类型的对象进行匹配,如果容器中注册了多个Car,会造成问题
@Qualifier("car2")//使用qualifier注解告诉Spring容器自动装配哪个名称的对象
*/
//以上两种不建议使用,建议使用以下注解:
@Resource(name="car2")//手动注入,指定注入哪个名称的对象
private Car car;
@Value("jerry")//通过set方法赋值,推荐使用
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@PostConstruct //对象创建的时候调用
public void init() {
System.out.println("这是一个初始化方法");
}
@PreDestroy //在销毁之前调用
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("这是一个销毁方法");
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Car getCar() {
return car;
}
public void setCar(Car car) {
this.car = car;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", car=" + car + "]";
}
}
Car.java
package com.aitiman.bean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component("car")
public class Car {
private String name;
private String color;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
@Value("大众")
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getColor() {
return color;
}
@Value("black")
public void setColor(String color) {
this.color = color;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Card [name=" + name + ", color=" + color + "]";
}
}
四、测试,这里整合了Junit进行测试,注意需要先导入Spring Test包
package com.aitiman.demo;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
/*import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
*/import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import com.aitiman.bean.User;
//Spring与junit整合测试
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)//帮我们创建容器
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext.xml")//指定配置文件
public class Demo01 {
@Resource(name="user")//将容器中名为user的对象注入到变量u中
private User u;
@Test
public void function1() {
/* //读取配置文件,创建对象容器
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
//通过容器获得对象
User u1 = (User)ac.getBean("user");*/
System.out.println(u);
/* ac.close();
*/ }
}