前言:笔记是参考B站up主遇见狂神说,图片、代码都是哦。因为最近特别喜欢他教的课程,所以就一边跟着学习,一边在blog写笔记~(图片、代码来源狂神说Java,侵权必删!)
狂神说Java学习路线B站网站:https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv5702420
@Component 组件
@Service service层
@Controller controller层
@Repository dao层
- 用户发起请求到时候首先进入DispatcherServlet
- DispatcherServlet会根据这个请求走HandlerMapping映射器,HandlerMapping根据请求url查找Handler。
- HandlerExecution表示具体到Handler,其主要作用是根据url查找控制器,如上url被查找控制器为:hello
- HandlerExecution将解析后的信息传递给DispatcherServlet,解析控制器映射等
- HandlerAdapter表示处理器适配器,按照特定的规则去执行Handler
- Handler让具体的Controller执行
- Controller将具体的执行信息返回给HandlerAdapter,如ModelAndView
- HandlerAdapter将视图逻辑名或模型传递给DispatcherServlet
- DispatcherServlet调用视图解析器(ViewResolver)来解析HandlerAdapter传递的逻辑视图名
- 视图解析器将解析的逻辑视图名传递给DispatcherServlet
- DispatcherServlet根据视图解析器解析的视图结果,掉用具体的视图
- 最终视图呈现给用户
通俗理解:(用户请求的时候会进入DispatcherServlet,DispatcherServlet会根据这个请求找到HandlerMapping映射器,然后把映射器返回,然后去HandlerAdapter适配这个映射器,就是一个Controller,由具体的Controller去执行,执行完之后返回一个ModelAndView,通过ModelAndView去配置具体的视图解析器,视图解析器返回给前端调用)
SpringMCV报404问题
可能遇到的问题:访问出现404或者500,排除步骤:
1.查看控制台输出,看一下是不是缺少了什么jar包。
2.如果jar包存在,显示无法输出,就在IDEA的项目发布中,添加lib依赖。
3.重启Tomcat即可解决!
SpringMVC项目搭建
使用springMVC必须配置的三大件:
处理器映射器、处理器适配器、视图解析器。
通常,我们只需要手动配置视图解析器,而处理器映射器和处理器适配器只需要开启注解驱动即可!
1.新建一个web项目
2.pom依赖(pom.xml)
<!--导入依赖-->
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.18</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
3.导入相关jar包
4.编写web.xml,注册DispatcherServlet
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<!--配置DispatchServlet:这个是springMVC的核心;请求分发器,前端控制器-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--DispatcherServlet要绑定spring的配置文件-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!--启动级别 :1-->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
5.编写springMVC配置文件(springmvc-servlet.xml)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!-- 自动扫描包,让指定包下的注解生效,由IOC容器统一管理 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.ckm.controller"/>
<!-- 让SpringMVC不处理静态资源 .css .js .html .mp3 .jpg ... -->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler />
<!-- 注解完成映射关系,自动开启,自动配置,自动注入 ... -->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!--视图解析器 : 模板引擎 Thymeleaf Freemarker ...-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
id="internalResourceViewResolver">
<!--前缀-->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<!--后缀-->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
6.创建controller类
@Controller代表这个类会被spring接管,被这个注解的类中的所有方法,如果返回值是String,并且有具体的页面可以跳转(如,有一个hello.jsp,就需要rentun “hello”;),就会被视图解析器解析。
package com.ckm.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@Controller
//@RestController //@RestController不会被视图解析器解析 主要处理json格式
//@RequestMapping("/hello")
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String hello(Model model){
//封装数据
model.addAttribute("msg","hello,springMVC");
return "hello"; //会被视图解析器处理
}
}
7.创建.jsp视图
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${msg}
</body>
</html>
8.测试
小结:
如果类上标注@Controller且方法上没有标注@ResponseBody的话,return的值会被视图解析器处理。
如果类上标注的是@RestController的话,或者在方法上标注了@ResponseBody的话,renturn的值就不会被视图解析器处理。
RestFul url风格
package com.ckm.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class RestFulController {
//原来的 : http://localhost:8080/add?a=1&b=2
//RestFul : http://localhost:8080/add/a/b
@RequestMapping("/add/{a}/{b}")
// @GetMapping("/add/{a}/{b}") //get请求
// @PostMapping("/add/{a}/{b}") //post请求 --- 提交表单 ajax等···
public String test(@PathVariable int a, @PathVariable int b, Model model){
int res = a + b;
model.addAttribute("msg","结果:"+res);
return "test";
}
}
SpringMVC转发和重定向
package com.ckm.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class ModelTest01 {
@RequestMapping("/zf")
public String test(Model model){
model.addAttribute("msg","转发");
//配置了视图解析器默认就是转发
//return "zf";
//如果没有配置视图解析器
//return "forward:/WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp"
//重定向
return "redirect:/index.jsp";
}
}
SpringMVC接收请求参数
package com.ckm.controller;
import com.ckm.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
@GetMapping("/t1")
public String test1(@RequestParam("username") String name, Model model){
//接收前端参数
System.out.println("name="+name);
//将返回的结果传递给前端
model.addAttribute("msg",name);
//视图跳转
return "test";
}
@GetMapping("/t2")
public String test2(User user,Model model){
//接收前端参数
System.out.println(user);
//将返回的结果传递给前端
model.addAttribute("msg",user);
//视图跳转
return "test";
}
}
SpringMVC解决乱码问题
第一种方法:
1.编写EncodingFilter类
package com.ckm.filter;
import javax.servlet.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class EncodingFilter implements Filter {
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
chain.doFilter(req,resp);
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
}
}
2.在web.xml中增加filter
<filter>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.ckm.filter.EncodingFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
第二种方法:
直接在web.xml中增加spring封装好的filter
<filter>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
SpringMVC中使用jackson(json格式)
1.pom导入依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.11.4</version>
</dependency>
2.lib导入依赖
3.pojo实体类
package com.ckm.pojo;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class User {
private int id;
private String name;
private int sex;
}
4.controller控制器
package com.ckm.controller;
import com.ckm.pojo.User;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
@Controller
public class JsonController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/j1",produces = "application/json;charset=utf-8")
@ResponseBody //一旦写了这个注解,就不会走视图解析器,会返回一个字符串
public String json1() throws JsonProcessingException {
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
User user = new User(2,"测试",1);
String str = mapper.writeValueAsString(user);
return str;
}
// @RequestMapping(value = "/j2",produces = "application/json;charset=utf-8")
// @ResponseBody //一旦写了这个注解,就不会走视图解析器,会返回一个字符串
// public String json2() throws JsonProcessingException {
// ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
// ArrayList<User> userList = new ArrayList<>();
// User user1 = new User(1, "测试1", 2);
// User user2 = new User(2, "测试2", 1);
// User user3 = new User(3, "测试3", 1);
// User user4 = new User(4, "测试4", 1);
// userList.add(user1);
// userList.add(user2);
// userList.add(user3);
// userList.add(user4);
// String str = mapper.writeValueAsString(userList);
// return str;
//
// }
//
// @RequestMapping(value = "/j3",produces = "application/json;charset=utf-8")
// @ResponseBody //一旦写了这个注解,就不会走视图解析器,会返回一个字符串
// public String json3() throws JsonProcessingException {
// ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
// Date date = new Date();
// SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
// return mapper.writeValueAsString(sdf.format(date));
// }
}
SpringMVC中使用Fastjson(json格式)
1.pom导入依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.60</version>
</dependency>
2.lib导入依赖
3.controller控制器
package com.ckm.controller;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.ckm.pojo.User;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import java.util.ArrayList;
@Controller
public class JsonController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/j2",produces = "application/json;charset=utf-8")
@ResponseBody //一旦写了这个注解,就不会走视图解析器,会返回一个字符串
public String json2() throws JsonProcessingException {
ArrayList<User> userList = new ArrayList<>();
User user1 = new User(1, "测试1", 2);
User user2 = new User(2, "测试2", 1);
User user3 = new User(3, "测试3", 1);
User user4 = new User(4, "测试4", 1);
userList.add(user1);
userList.add(user2);
userList.add(user3);
userList.add(user4);
String str = JSON.toJSONString(userList);
return str;
}
}