tar.gz安装方式
- 安装依赖
yum -y install autoconf libaio bison ncurses-devel
- 创建用户
groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin mysql
- 下载安装包
wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz - 解压安装包
mkdir -p /soft/server/mysql
tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /soft/server/
mv mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
mkdir -p /soft/log/mysql
mkdir -p /soft/server/mysql/data
- 授权
chown -R mysql:mysql /soft/server/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /soft/log/mysql
- 修改默认的my.conf
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /soft/server/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
character_set_server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
basedir=/soft/server/mysql
datadir=/soft/server/mysql/data
socket=/soft/server/mysql/mysql.sock
log-error=/soft/log/mysql/mysqld.log
pid-file=/soft/server/mysql/mysqld.pid
- 初始化
cd /soft/server/mysql/bin
/soft/server/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/soft/server/mysql --datadir=/soft/server/mysql/data --lc_messages_dir=/soft/server/mysql/share --lc_messages=en_US
- 加入systemctl 完成开机自动启动
vim /lib/systemd/system/mysql.service
[Unit]
Description=mysql
After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/soft/server/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
ExecReload=/soft/server/mysql/support-files/mysql.server restart
ExecStop=/soft/server/mysql/support-files/mysql.server stop
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
- 参数解释:
Description:描述服务
After: 描述服务类别
[Service] 服务运行参数的设置
Type=forking 是后台运行的形式
ExecStart 为服务的具体运行命令
ExecReload 为重启命令
ExecStop为 停止命令
PrivateTmp=True 表示给服务分配独立的临时空间
注意:[Service]的启动、重启、停止命令全部要求使用绝对路径
[Install]运行级别下服务安装的相关设置,可设置为多用户,即系统运行级别为3
- 设置环境变量
echo 'PATH=$PATH':/sort/server/mysql/bin >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
- 启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start mysql
systemctl enable mysql
- 查看密码
cat -n /sort/log/mysql/mysqld.log | grep 'root@localhost'
出现后面就是mysql的初始密码。
mysql -u root -p 初始密码登陆进去后,需要修改初始密码,mysql才可以正常连接。
修改mysql密码为为123456 :ALTER USER USER() IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
- 修改mysql只能本地连接
当我们使用数据库连接工具连接mysql的时候,发现连接失败!!!but我们在linux上使用命令行可以登陆到mysql数据库,检查了以下防火墙也关闭了,这个原因是mysql开启了只能本地连接的原因。所以要修改mysql默认本地连接的限制,查看可以连接mysql的用户:
SELECT DISTINCT CONCAT('User: ''',user,'''@''',host,''';') AS query FROM mysql.user;
这里演示给root用户授予权限,其他用户授权方式可以参考一下:以下方式
CREATE USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'root'@'%';
flush privileges;
执行后的效果图如下:
此时内网就可以连接上mysql啦!
此外需要注意 linux环境下的mysql默认大小写敏感的问题,当我们部署好mysql时候,将自己平时研究的代码部署到服务器,连接mysql时候发现报以下错误:
org.springframework.jdbc.BadSqlGrammarException:
Error querying database. Cause: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLSyntaxErrorException:
Table 'test.T_USER_LOGIN' doesn't exist
The error may exist in class path resource [mybatis/LoginMapper.xml]
发现执行sql时候报了表名不存在,这是由于linux的mysql大小写敏感的原因,所以只需修改/etc/my.cnf 配置文件,加上lower_case_table_names=1
如下图所示:
特别说明:lower_case_table_names参数详解:其中 0:区分大小写,1:不区分大小写
。配置好以后只需重启mysql服务即可。
RPM安装方式
最新的mysql5.7版本安装包由于存在更多依赖关系,通常需要以下几个包,具体安装步骤如下,请按照如下顺序按照否则会报依赖的问题。
- 安装mysql RPM包
- mysql-community-common
[root@donniegao packages]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --force --nodeps
warning: mysql-community-common-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]- mysql-community-server
- mysql-community-libs
[root@donniegao packages]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --force --nodeps
warning: mysql-community-libs-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql-community-libs-5.7.29-1.el7################################# [100%]``
- mysql-community-libs-compat
[root@donniegao packages]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --force --nodeps
warning: mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.2################################# [100%]
- mysql-community-client
[root@donniegao packages]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --force --nodeps
warning: mysql-community-client-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql-community-client-5.7.29-1.e################################# [100%]
- mysql-community-server
[root@donniegao packages]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --force --nodeps
warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.29-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql-community-server-5.7.29-1.e################################# [100%]
安装完毕后查看已经安装好的mysql安装包如下图所示:
- 启动mysql
[root@donniegao packages]# systemctl start mysqld
可以通过命令ps -ef | grep mysql
查看mysql服务是否已经启动
- 设置mysql开机自启动
[root@donniegao packages]# systemctl enable mysqld
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysqld.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service.
- 登陆mysql
初次启动会生成随机的mysql密码,可以在/var/log/mysqld.log
查看:
[root@donniegao packages]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep 'root@localhost'
2020-01-28T23:44:49.653551Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: j7.iVb=<fkiq
[root@donniegao packages]# mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -P 3306 -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.29
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
- 更改密码
由于临时密码无法进行大多数操作所以需要进行密码的修改,命令如下所示
mysql> alter user user() identified by '123456';
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
mysql>
由于mysql要去密码需满足长度至少为8位,且要至少包含一个数字,一个大写字母,一个小写字母,所以重新修改密码如下所示:
- 修改mysql只能本机连接
参考上面tar.gz安装的解决办法
总结
本节介绍了Mysql的安装配置,下一节将介绍数据库的基本操作☞Mysql数据库命令初识。