Centos7 挂载新硬盘（SSD|M.2）的操作方法

常用命令

df -h					# 列出所有已挂载磁盘
fdisk -l				# 查看磁盘情况
fdisk /dev/xxx			# 格式化命令
mkfs.ext4 /dev/xxx		# 创建分区

实例1：挂载一块新的 2T SSD3.0 硬盘

• 查看磁盘情况

  $ sudo fdisk -l
  Disk /dev/loop0: 154 MiB, 161472512 bytes, 315376 sectors
  Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
  Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  
  Disk /dev/sda: 447.1 GiB, 480103981056 bytes, 937703088 sectors
  Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
  Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  Disklabel type: dos
  Disk identifier: 0x9cdcecb0
  
  Device     Boot     Start       End   Sectors   Size Id Type
  /dev/sda1  *         2048 870733823 870731776 415.2G 83 Linux
  /dev/sda2       870735870 937701375  66965506    32G  5 Extended
  /dev/sda5       870735872 937701375  66965504    32G 82 Linux swap / Solaris
  
  Disk /dev/sdb: 1.8 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
  Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
  Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
  I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
  ......
  

• 确认新硬盘的名称（/dev/sdb）

• 格式化（/dev/sdb）

  $ sudo fdisk /dev/sdb
  Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.27.1).
  Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
  Be careful before using the write command.
  
  Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
  Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xcc220bb9.
  
  Command (m for help): n
  Partition type
     p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
     e   extended (container for logical partitions)
  Select (default p): p
  Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
  First sector (2048-3907029167, default 2048):
  Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-3907029167, default 3907029167):
  
  Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 1.8 TiB.
  
  Command (m for help): w
  The partition table has been altered.
  Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
  Syncing disks.
  

  依次输入n，p，1，w，其中 n 表示创建一个新分区，p表示分区类型为主分区，1表示分区编号是1，w 表示保存。

• 创建分区（sdb + 分区编号）

  $ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
  mke2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015)
  Discarding device blocks: done                            
  Creating filesystem with 488378390 4k blocks and 122101760 inodes
  Filesystem UUID: 9b9f1658-673e-4970-8cd0-9d1ccf33aede
  Superblock backups stored on blocks:
  	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
  	4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
  	102400000, 214990848
  
  Allocating group tables: done                            
  Writing inode tables: done                            
  Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
  Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done  
  

• 创建挂载目录

  $ mkdir -p /test 
  

• 挂载硬盘至 “/test”

  $ sudo vi /etc/fstab
  .....
  # 在最后一行中加入，"/test"分区目录, "ext4"磁盘格式
  /dev/sdb1 /test ext4 defaults 0 0   
  

• 重启电脑

  sudo reboot
  

• 查看是否成功

  $ df -h
  Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
  udev                  16G     0   16G   0% /dev
  tmpfs                3.2G   11M  3.2G   1% /run
  /dev/sda1            409G   15G  374G   4% /
  tmpfs                 16G  238M   16G   2% /dev/shm
  tmpfs                5.0M  4.0K  5.0M   1% /run/lock
  tmpfs                 16G     0   16G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
  tmpfs                3.2G   72K  3.2G   1% /run/user/1000
  /home/test/.Private  409G   15G  374G   4% /home/test
  /dev/sdb1            1.8T   68M  1.7T   1% /test
  

实例2：挂载一块新的 1T 长江存储 M.2 硬盘

• 查看磁盘情况

  $ sudo fdisk -l
  ......
  磁盘 /dev/nvme0n1：1024.2 GB, 1024209543168 字节，2000409264 个扇区
  Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
  扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
  I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
  ......
  

• 格式化（/dev/nvme0n1）

  $ sudo fdisk /dev/nvme0n1
  Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.27.1).
  Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
  Be careful before using the write command.
  
  Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
  Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xcc220bb9.
  
  Command (m for help): n
  Partition type
     p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
     e   extended (container for logical partitions)
  Select (default p): p
  Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
  First sector (2048-2000409263, default 2048):
  Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-2000409263, default 2000409263):
  
  Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 953.9 GiB.
  
  Command (m for help): w
  The partition table has been altered.
  Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
  Syncing disks.
  

• 创建分区（nvme0n1 + p1）

  $ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/nvme0n1p1
  

• 创建挂载目录

  $ mkdir -p /data-test 
  

• 挂载硬盘至 “/data-test”

  $ sudo vi /etc/fstab
  .....
  # 在最后一行中加入
  /dev/nvme0n1p1 /data-test ext4 defaults 0 0   
  

• 重启电脑

  sudo reboot
  

• 查看是否成功

  $ df -h
  Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
  udev                  16G     0   16G   0% /dev
  tmpfs                3.2G   11M  3.2G   1% /run
  /dev/sda1            409G   15G  374G   4% /
  tmpfs                 16G  238M   16G   2% /dev/shm
  tmpfs                5.0M  4.0K  5.0M   1% /run/lock
  tmpfs                 16G     0   16G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
  tmpfs                3.2G   72K  3.2G   1% /run/user/1000
  /home/test/.Private  409G   15G  374G   4% /home/test
  /dev/nvme0n1p1       939G   77M  891G   1% /data-test