1-定时任务
/** * 定时任务 * 1、@EnableScheduling 开启定时任务 * 2、@Scheduled开启一个定时任务 */
1-1源码解读
自动配置类TaskSchedulingAutoConfiguration,源码如下
@ConditionalOnClass({ThreadPoolTaskScheduler.class})
@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties({TaskSchedulingProperties.class})
@AutoConfigureAfter({TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration.class})
public class TaskSchedulingAutoConfiguration {
public TaskSchedulingAutoConfiguration() {
}
@Bean
@ConditionalOnBean(
name = {"org.springframework.context.annotation.internalScheduledAnnotationProcessor"}
)
@ConditionalOnMissingBean({SchedulingConfigurer.class, TaskScheduler.class, ScheduledExecutorService.class})
public ThreadPoolTaskScheduler taskScheduler(TaskSchedulerBuilder builder) {
return builder.build();
}
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
public TaskSchedulerBuilder taskSchedulerBuilder(TaskSchedulingProperties properties, ObjectProvider<TaskSchedulerCustomizer> taskSchedulerCustomizers) {
TaskSchedulerBuilder builder = new TaskSchedulerBuilder();
builder = builder.poolSize(properties.getPool().getSize());
builder = builder.threadNamePrefix(properties.getThreadNamePrefix());
builder = builder.customizers(taskSchedulerCustomizers);
return builder;
}
}
1-2 配置类
注解@EnableConfigurationProperties({TaskSchedulingProperties.class}) 中
,TaskSchedulingProperties 是其默认配置,代码就不贴出,主要是
- 线程名称前缀:threadNamePrefix = “scheduling-”
- 线程数:size = 1 默认是单线程
2-异步任务 任务执行器 TaskExecutor
/** * * 异步任务 * 1、@EnableAsync:开启异步任务 * 2、@Async:给希望异步执行的方法标注 * TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration */
2-1自动配置类 TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration,源码如下
@ConditionalOnClass({ThreadPoolTaskExecutor.class})
@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties({TaskExecutionProperties.class})
public class TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration {
public static final String APPLICATION_TASK_EXECUTOR_BEAN_NAME = "applicationTaskExecutor";
private final TaskExecutionProperties properties;
private final ObjectProvider<TaskExecutorCustomizer> taskExecutorCustomizers;
private final ObjectProvider<TaskDecorator> taskDecorator;
public TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration(TaskExecutionProperties properties, ObjectProvider<TaskExecutorCustomizer> taskExecutorCustomizers, ObjectProvider<TaskDecorator> taskDecorator) {
this.properties = properties;
this.taskExecutorCustomizers = taskExecutorCustomizers;
this.taskDecorator = taskDecorator;
}
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
public TaskExecutorBuilder taskExecutorBuilder() {
Pool pool = this.properties.getPool();
TaskExecutorBuilder builder = new TaskExecutorBuilder();
builder = builder.queueCapacity(pool.getQueueCapacity());
builder = builder.corePoolSize(pool.getCoreSize());
builder = builder.maxPoolSize(pool.getMaxSize());
builder = builder.allowCoreThreadTimeOut(pool.isAllowCoreThreadTimeout());
builder = builder.keepAlive(pool.getKeepAlive());
builder = builder.threadNamePrefix(this.properties.getThreadNamePrefix());
builder = builder.customizers(this.taskExecutorCustomizers);
builder = builder.taskDecorator((TaskDecorator)this.taskDecorator.getIfUnique());
return builder;
}
@Lazy
@Bean(
name = {"applicationTaskExecutor", "taskExecutor"}
)
@ConditionalOnMissingBean({Executor.class})
public ThreadPoolTaskExecutor applicationTaskExecutor(TaskExecutorBuilder builder) {
return builder.build();
}
}
2-2 配置类
其默认配置类 @EnableConfigurationProperties({TaskExecutionProperties.class})中,
TaskExecutionProperties 主要配置
- 线程名称前缀:threadNamePrefix = “task-”
- 核心线程数:coreSize = 8
- 最大线程数:maxSize = Integer.MAX_VALUE
- 非核心线程存活时长:keepAlive = Duration.ofSeconds(60)
3-代码演示DEMO 以及配置
/**
*1、在spring中cron6位组成,不允许第七位年
*2、在周的位置,1-7代表周一到周日或MON-SUN
*3、定时任务不应该阻塞。默认是阻塞的
实现定时任务不阻塞的方式:
* 3.1、可以让业务以异步的方式运行,自己提交到线程池
* 3.2、使用定时任务自带的线程池
* 定时任务自带线程池的线程数:spring.task.scheduling.pool.size=5
* 有些springboot版本设置了这个也不好使,可能是bug
* 3.3、让定时任务异步执行,直接让整个定时任务方法异步执行,而不是方法里的业务异步执行
* springboot提供了异步任务的功能,除了我们自己写一个线程池,把我们自己要执行的
* 业务丢给线程池执行之外,springboot还支持异步任务
* 一、类上加注解@EnableAsync,开启异步任务
* 二、给要异步执行的方法标上注解@Async
*
*
*
*/
@EnableAsync //开始异步
@EnableScheduling //开始定时任务
public class TestTask {
//1-定时任务
@Scheduled(cron = "0 * * * * ?")
public void test() throws InterruptedException {
log.warn("Scheduled1",Thread.currentThread().getId(),Thread.currentThread().getName());
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
//2- 异步定时任务
@Async // 开启异步
@Scheduled(cron = "0 * * * * ?")
public void test2() throws InterruptedException {
log.warn("Scheduled2",Thread.currentThread().getId(),Thread.currentThread().getName());
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
}
3-1定时任务yml配置文件详解
spring:
task:
# Spring 同步任务执行配置
scheduling:
pool:
size: 5 # 线程池大小。默认为 1 ,根据自己应用来设置
shutdown:
await-termination: false # 应用关闭时,是否等待定时任务执行完成。默认为 false ,建议设置为 true
await-termination-period: 60 # 等待任务完成的最大时长,单位为秒。默认为 0 ,根据自己应用来设置
thread-name-prefix: scheduling- # 线程池的线程名的前缀。默认为 scheduling- ,建议根据自己应用来设置
# Spring 执行器配置,对应 TaskExecutionProperties 配置类。对于 Spring 异步任务,会使用该执行器。
execution:
thread-name-prefix: async-task- # 线程池的线程名的前缀。默认为 task- ,建议根据自己应用来设置
pool: # 线程池相关
core-size: 8 # 核心线程数,线程池创建时候初始化的线程数。默认为 8 。
max-size: 20 # 最大线程数,线程池最大的线程数,只有在缓冲队列满了之后,才会申请超过核心线程数的线程。默认为 Integer.MAX_VALUE
keep-alive: 60s # 允许线程的空闲时间,当超过了核心线程之外的线程,在空闲时间到达之后会被销毁。默认为 60 秒
queue-capacity: 200 # 缓冲队列大小,用来缓冲执行任务的队列的大小。默认为 Integer.MAX_VALUE 。
allow-core-thread-timeout: true # 是否允许核心线程超时,即开启线程池的动态增长和缩小。默认为 true 。
shutdown:
await-termination: true # 应用关闭时,是否等待定时任务执行完成。默认为 false ,建议设置为 true
await-termination-period: 60 # 等待任务完成的最大时长,单位为秒。默认为 0 ,根据自己应用来设置
4-分布式事务下定时任务
三台机器A1,A2,A3,都有一个定时任务,同一段程序,定时任务的设置都一样,等时间一到,它们就都同时启动了定时任务,就要同时执行业务代码,就会出现幂等性问题
解决方式:
应该是定时任务,只能有一台机器在执行,不能所有机器同时执行,使用分布式锁可以解决。
演示DEMO:
@Service
public class seckillSkuScheduled {
@Autowired
private SeckillService seckillService;
@Autowired
private RedissonClient redissionClient;
private final String upload_lock="seckill:upload:lock";
//保证幂等性问题
@Scheduled(cron = "*/5 * * * * ?")
public void uploadSeckillSkuLatest3Days() {
log.info("上架秒杀的商品");
//分布式锁
RLock lock = redissionClient.getLock(upload_lock);
//锁的超时时间
lock.lock(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
try{
seckillService.uploadSeckillSkuLatest3Days();
}finally {
//释放锁
lock.unlock();
}
}
}