数通 | 多区域OSPF动态路由协议的配置

OSPF协议简介

开放式最短路径优先OSPF（Open Shortest Path First）是IETF组织开发的一个基于链路状态的内部网关协议（Interior Gateway Protocol）。OSPF分为OSPFv2和OSPFv3两个版本,其中OSPFv2用在IPv4网络，OSPFv3用在IPv6网络。

主要要了解OSPF的三张表：

• 邻居表（Peer table）
  OSPF是一种可靠的路由协议，要求在路由器之间传递链路状态通告之前，需先建立OSPF邻居关系，hello报文用于发现直连链路上的其他OSPF路由器，再经过一系列的OSPF消息交互最终建立起全毗邻的邻居关系，OSPF路由器的邻居信息显示在邻居表中。

• 链路状态数据库（Link-state database，简称LSDB）
  OSPF用LSA（link state Advertisement，链路状态通告）来描述网络拓扑信息，然后OSPF路由器用LSDB来存储网络的这些LSA。OSPF将自己产生的以及邻居通告的LSA搜集并存储在LSDB中。掌握LSDB的查看以及对LSA的深入分析才能够深入理解OSPF。

• OSPF路由表（Routing table）
  基于LSDB进行SPF（Dijkstra算法）计算，而得出的OSPF路由表。

拓扑图（含IP规划）

• 配置任务
  按照拓扑图要求配置IP地址，配置多区域OSPF动态路由协议，最终实现PC1和PC2的互相通信。

• 配置工具
  华为网络设备仿真平台eNSP

配置步骤（含完整指令）

首先，配置主机PC1、PC2的IP信息很简单（留意网关就好），比如PC1就这样：

然后，需要配置的是R1、R2、R3、R4的各个端口所分配的IP地址，以R1为例，需要配置的有Eth0/0/0（10.1.1.2/30）、Eth0/0/1（10.1.4.1/30）、G0/0/0（10.1.3.1/30）这三个端口。

<Huawei>sys  # R1
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]int eth0/0/0
[Huawei-Ethernet0/0/0]ip address 10.1.1.2 30
[Huawei-Ethernet0/0/0]
Jul 25 2019 20:13:20-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface Ethernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
Jul 25 2019 20:13:24-08:00 Huawei DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 1, the change loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
[Huawei-Ethernet0/0/0]int eth0/0/1
[Huawei-Ethernet0/0/1]ip address 10.1.4.1 30
[Huawei-Ethernet0/0/1]
Jul 25 2019 20:13:47-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP on the interface Ethernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
Jul 25 2019 20:13:54-08:00 Huawei DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 2, the change loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
[Huawei-Ethernet0/0/1]int g0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.1.3.1 30
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
Jul 25 2019 20:14:12-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
Jul 25 2019 20:14:14-08:00 Huawei DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 3, the change loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[Huawei]

<Huawei>sys  # R1
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]int eth0/0/0
[Huawei-Ethernet0/0/0]ip address 10.1.2.2 30
[Huawei-Ethernet0/0/0]
Jul 25 2019 20:16:05-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface Ethernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
Jul 25 2019 20:16:13-08:00 Huawei DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 1, the change loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
[Huawei-Ethernet0/0/0]int eth0/0/1
[Huawei-Ethernet0/0/1]ip address 10.1.5.1 30
[Huawei-Ethernet0/0/1]
Jul 25 2019 20:16:39-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP on the interface Ethernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
Jul 25 2019 20:16:43-08:00 Huawei DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 2, the change loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
[Huawei-Ethernet0/0/1]int g0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.1.3.2 30
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
Jul 25 2019 20:16:59-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
Jul 25 2019 20:17:03-08:00 Huawei DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 3, the change loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[Huawei]

<Huawei>sys  #R3
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]int eth0/0/0
[Huawei-Ethernet0/0/0]ip address 10.1.1.1 30
[Huawei-Ethernet0/0/0]
Jul 25 2019 20:18:56-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP on the interface Ethernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
Jul 25 2019 20:19:03-08:00 Huawei DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 1, the change loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.
[Huawei-Ethernet0/0/0]int eth0/0/1
[Huawei-Ethernet0/0/1]ip address 10.1.2.1 30
[Huawei-Ethernet0/0/1]
Jul 25 2019 20:19:22-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP on the interface Ethernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
Jul 25 2019 20:19:23-08:00 Huawei DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25.191.3.1 c