View事件分发机制

view事件分发机制是Android知识的重点也是难点，想要实现view的嵌套滑动、滑动菜单等酷炫功能都得先掌握好事件分发机制。View的事件分发机制主要涉及到dispatchTouchEvent、onInterceptTouchEvent、onTouchEvent三个方法。

• public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event)

负责分发触摸事件至目标view，返回值表示当前事件是否被当前view消费。

• public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev)

表示是否拦截当前触摸事件。如果返回true，表示拦截事件供自己消费，事件不再继续往下层view传递。

• public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event)

处理触摸事件的具体动作。返回值表示事件是否被消费。
《Android开发艺术探索》中使用如下伪代码描述View的事件分发，非常便于理解。

public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev){
    boolean consume = false;
    if(onInterceptTouchEvent(ev)){
        consume = onTouchEvent(ev);
    } else {
        consume = child.dispatchTouchEvent(ev);
    }
    return consume;
}

简单描述下就是，从最上层捕捉到触摸事件的View开始，在dispatchTouchEvent方法中调用onInterceptTouchEvent方法检查是否拦截当前事件。如果拦截，直接调用onTouchEvent消费掉事件；如果不拦截，调用子view的dispatchTouchEvent方法，至于调用哪个子view，会根据触摸点坐标来确定目标子view。事件就是一层一层向下分发，直至最终被消费，流程结束。
上述伪代码只是为了帮助我们更好理解地View事件分发机制的大致流程，实际上还有很多细节值得深究。比如，子view可以调用requestDisallowInterceptTouchEvent方法强制打断父view的分发机制，抢夺事件消费的权利；再比如事件一直传递到最下层的view，该view的onTouchEvent返回false（表示不消费事件），那么事件还得继续递归往上层回传。另外，事件也并不总是被onTouchEvent最终处理。可以看下View的dispatchTouchEvent源码，ViewGroup在拦截事件时最终也是调用的super.dispatchTouchEvent来处理事件的。

/**
 * Pass the touch screen motion event down to the target view, or this
 * view if it is the target.
 *
 * @param event The motion event to be dispatched.
 * @return True if the event was handled by the view, false otherwise.
 */
public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
    // If the event should be handled by accessibility focus first.
    if (event.isTargetAccessibilityFocus()) {
        // We don't have focus or no virtual descendant has it, do not handle the event.
        if (!isAccessibilityFocusedViewOrHost()) {
            return false;
        }
        // We have focus and got the event, then use normal event dispatch.
        event.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
    }

    boolean result = false;

    if (mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
        mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onTouchEvent(event, 0);
    }

    final int actionMasked = event.getActionMasked();
    if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
        // Defensive cleanup for new gesture
        stopNestedScroll();
    }

    if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(event)) {
        //noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
        ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
        if (li != null && li.mOnTouchListener != null
                && (mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED
                && li.mOnTouchListener.onTouch(this, event)) {
            result = true;
        }

        if (!result && onTouchEvent(event)) {
            result = true;
        }
    }

    if (!result && mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
        mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onUnhandledEvent(event, 0);
    }

    // Clean up after nested scrolls if this is the end of a gesture;
    // also cancel it if we tried an ACTION_DOWN but we didn't want the rest
    // of the gesture.
    if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP ||
            actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL ||
            (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN && !result)) {
        stopNestedScroll();
    }

    return result;
}

从源码可以看到，事实上，如果target view设置了onTouchListener，onTouchListener的onTouch事件会优先于onTouchEvent事件执行。如果onTouch事件返回了true，表示事件被消费流程结束，onTouchEvent就不会调用了。另外，View的OnClickListener优先级最低，只有在onTouchEvent检测触摸事件为tap单击事件时它才会被执行。

public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
    ...
    if (((viewFlags & CLICKABLE) == CLICKABLE ||
            (viewFlags & LONG_CLICKABLE) == LONG_CLICKABLE) ||
            (viewFlags & CONTEXT_CLICKABLE) == CONTEXT_CLICKABLE) {
        switch (action) {
            case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
                boolean prepressed = (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PREPRESSED) != 0;
                if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PRESSED) != 0 || prepressed) {
                    // take focus if we don't have it already and we should in
                    // touch mode.
                    boolean focusTaken = false;
                    if (isFocusable() && isFocusableInTouchMode() && !isFocused()) {
                        focusTaken = requestFocus();
                    }

                    if (prepressed) {
                        // The button is being released before we actually
                        // showed it as pressed.  Make it show the pressed
                        // state now (before scheduling the click) to ensure
                        // the user sees it.
                        setPressed(true, x, y);
                   }

                    if (!mHasPerformedLongPress && !mIgnoreNextUpEvent) {
                        // This is a tap, so remove the longpress check
                        removeLongPressCallback();

                        // Only perform take click actions if we were in the pressed state
                        if (!focusTaken) {
                            // Use a Runnable and post this rather than calling
                            // performClick directly. This lets other visual state
                            // of the view update before click actions start.
                            if (mPerformClick == null) {
                                mPerformClick = new PerformClick();
                            }
                            if (!post(mPerformClick)) {
                                performClick();
                            }
                        }
                    }
                   ...
                }
                mIgnoreNextUpEvent = false;
                break;

            // 其他Action事件
            ...
        }

        return true;
    }
    return false;
}