【Shell】【学习笔记】Linux Shell脚本应用（八）

课时8 使用for循环

一、for语句结构

语法格式

for 变量名  in 取值列表

do

        命令序列

done

二、基本用法示范

示例1：一次输出3个字符串

[ root@localhost ~]# cat test1.sh

#!/bin/bash

for i in "1st." "2st." "3st."

do

        echo $i

done

[ root@localhost ~]# ./test1.sh

1st.

2st.

3st.

示例2：逐词输出/etc/host.conf文件内容

[ root@localhost ~]# cat  /etc/host.conf

order hosts.bind

[ root@localhost ~]# cat test2.sh

#!/bin/bash

for i in $(cat /etc/host.conf)

do

        echo $i

done

[ root@localhost ~]# ./test2.sh

order

hosts.bind

三、案例实战

案例实战一：批量加用户账号

        1、用户列表文件users.txt，每行一个

        2、将初始口令设为123456，首次登陆后必须更改

[ root@localhost ~]# cat  /root/users.txt

zhangsan

lisi

......

[ root@localhost  ~ ]# cat  uad.sh

#!/bin/bash

for i in $(cat /root/users.txt)

do

        useradd $i

        echo "123456" | passwd --stdin $i

        chage -d 0 $i

done

[ root@localhost ~]# ./uad.sh

Changing password for user zhangsan.

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

Changing password for user lisi.

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

......

[ root@localhost ~]# tail /etc/passwd

zhangsan:x:506:506::/home/zhangsan:/bin/bash

lisi:x:506:506::/home/llisi:/bin/bash

......

案例实战二：检测一个IP范围的主机状态

        1、192.168.4.1 - 192.168.4.10

        2、根据是否ping通来判断

[ root@localhost  ~ ]# cat  chkping.sh

#!/bin/bash

IP_PRE="192.168.4."

for i in $(seq 1 10)

do

        ping -c 3 -i 0.2 -W 3 ${ IP_PRE }$IP &> /dev/null

        if [ $? -eq 0 ] ; then

                echo " ${ IP_PRE }$IP is up. "

        else

                 echo " ${ IP_PRE }$IP is down. "

        fi

done

[ root@localhost  ~ ]# ./chkping .sh

192.168.4.1 is up.

192.168.4.2 is up.

192.168.4.3 is up.

192.168.4.4 is down.

......