【C++】【学习笔记】【020】友元

1、有些时候，一个完全无关的类由于某些特殊的原因需要访问某个protected成员，甚至某个private成员，这就引入了友元的概念；

2、友元关系是类之间的一种特殊关系，这种关系不仅允许友元类访问对方的public方法和属性，还允许友元访问对方的protected和private方法和属性；

3、声明一个友元关系的语法很简单，只要在类声明里的某个地方加上friend class **就行了，这条语句可以放在任何地方，放在public、protected、private段落里都可以；

样例：友元使用方法

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

// 友元用法示例
class Lovers
{
public:
    Lovers(std::string theName);
    void kiss(Lovers *lover);
    void ask(Lovers *lover, std::string something);
protected:
    std::string name;
    friend class Others; // 交友不慎
};

Lovers::Lovers(std::string theName)
{
    name = theName;
}

void Lovers::kiss(Lovers *lover)
{
    std::cout << name << " Lovers::kiss() " << lover->name << std::endl;
}

void Lovers::ask(Lovers *lover, std::string something)
{
    std::cout << name << " Lovers::ask() " << lover->name << something << std::endl;
}

class Boyfriend : public Lovers
{
public:
    Boyfriend(std::string theName);
};

Boyfriend::Boyfriend(std::string theName) : Lovers(theName)
{
}

class Girlfriend : public Lovers
{
public:
    Girlfriend(std::string theName);
};

Girlfriend::Girlfriend(std::string theName) : Lovers(theName)
{
}

class Others
{
public:
    Others(std::string theName);
    void kiss2(Lovers *lover);
protected:
    std::string name;
};

Others::Others(std::string theName)
{
    name = theName;
}

void Others::kiss2(Lovers *lover)
{
    std::cout << name << " Others::kiss2() " << lover->name << std::endl;
}

int main()
{
    Boyfriend boyfriend("BOY");
    Girlfriend girlfriend("GIRL");
    Others others("OTHER");

    girlfriend.kiss(&boyfriend);
    girlfriend.ask(&boyfriend, " Wash clothes.");

    std::cout << "OTHER is coming." << std::endl;
    others.kiss2(&girlfriend);

    return 0;
}

输出：
GIRL Lovers::kiss() BOY
GIRL Lovers::ask() BOY Wash clothes.
OTHER is coming.
OTHER Others::kiss2() GIRL