http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaowenji/archive/2010/12/08/1900579.html
ListView 和 Adapter 的基础
工作原理:
- ListView 针对List中每个item,要求 adapter “给我一个视图” (getView)。
- 一个新的视图被返回并显示
如果我们有上亿个项目要显示怎么办?为每个项目创建一个新视图?NO!这不可能!
实际上Android为你缓存了视图。
Android中有个叫做Recycler的构件,下图是他的工作原理:
- 如果你有10亿个项目(item),其中只有可见的项目存在内存中,其他的在Recycler中。
- ListView先请求一个type1视图(getView)然后请求其他可见的项目。convertView在getView中是空(null)的。
- 当item1滚出屏幕,并且一个新的项目从屏幕低端上来时,ListView再请求一个type1视图。convertView此时不是空值了,它的值是item1。你只需设定新的数据然后返回convertView,不必重新创建一个视图。
请看下面的示例代码,这里在getView中使用了System.out进行输出
public class MultipleItemsList extends ListActivity {
private MyCustomAdapter mAdapter;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
mAdapter = new MyCustomAdapter();
for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
mAdapter.addItem("item " + i);
}
setListAdapter(mAdapter);
}
private class MyCustomAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
private ArrayList mData = new ArrayList();
private LayoutInflater mInflater;
public MyCustomAdapter() {
mInflater = (LayoutInflater)getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
}
public void addItem(final String item) {
mData.add(item);
notifyDataSetChanged();
}
@Override
public int getCount() {
return mData.size();
}
@Override
public String getItem(int position) {
return mData.get(position);
}
@Override
public long getItemId(int position) {
return position;
}
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
System.out.println("getView " + position + " " + convertView);
ViewHolder holder = null;
if (convertView == null) {
convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item1, null);
holder = new ViewHolder();
holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.text);
convertView.setTag(holder);
} else {
holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag();
}
holder.textView.setText(mData.get(position));
return convertView;
}
}
public static class ViewHolder {
public TextView textView;
}
}
执行程序,然后在Logcat中查看日志
getView 被调用 9 次 ,convertView 对于所有的可见项目是空值(如下)
02
-
05
13
:
47
:
32.559
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
0
null
02
-
05
13
:
47
:
32.570
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
1
null
02
-
05
13
:
47
:
32.589
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
2
null
02
-
05
13
:
47
:
32.599
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
3
null
02
-
05
13
:
47
:
32.619
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
4
null
02
-
05
13
:
47
:
32.629
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
5
null
02
-
05
13
:
47
:
32.708
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
6
null
02
-
05
13
:
47
:
32.719
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
7
null
02
-
05
13
:
47
:
32.729
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
8
null
|
然后稍微向下滚动List,直到item10出现:
convertView仍然是空值,因为recycler中没有视图(item1的边缘仍然可见,在顶端)
02
-
05
13
:
48
:
25.169
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
9
null
|
再滚动List
convertView不是空值了!item1离开屏幕到Recycler中去了,然后item11被创建
02
-
05
13
:
48
:
42.879
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
10
android.widget.LinearLayout
@437430f8
|
再滚动:
02
-
05
14
:
01
:
31.069
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
11
android.widget.LinearLayout
@437447d0
02
-
05
14
:
01
:
31.142
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
12
android.widget.LinearLayout
@43744ff8
02
-
05
14
:
01
:
31.279
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
13
android.widget.LinearLayout
@43743fa8
02
-
05
14
:
01
:
31.350
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
14
android.widget.LinearLayout
@43745820
02
-
05
14
:
01
:
31.429
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
15
android.widget.LinearLayout
@43746048
02
-
05
14
:
01
:
31.550
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
16
android.widget.LinearLayout
@43746870
02
-
05
14
:
01
:
31.669
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
17
android.widget.LinearLayout
@43747098
02
-
05
14
:
01
:
31.839
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
18
android.widget.LinearLayout
@437478c0
02
-
05
14
:
03
:
30.900
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
19
android.widget.LinearLayout
@43748df0
02
-
05
14
:
03
:
32.069
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
20
android.widget.LinearLayout
@437430f8
|
convertView 如我们所期待的非空了,在item11离开屏幕之后,它的视图(@437430f8)作为convertView容纳item21了
不同的项目布局(item layout)
我们再举一个稍微复杂的例子,在上例的list中加入一些分隔线
你需要做这些:
- 重(@Override)写 getViewTypeCount() – 返回你有多少个不同的布局
- 重写 getItemViewType(int) – 由position返回view type id
- 根据view item的类型,在getView中创建正确的convertView
以下是代码:
public class MultipleItemsList extends ListActivity {
private MyCustomAdapter mAdapter;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
mAdapter = new MyCustomAdapter();
for (int i = 1; i < 50; i++) {
mAdapter.addItem("item " + i);
if (i % 4 == 0) {
mAdapter.addSeparatorItem("separator " + i);
}
}
setListAdapter(mAdapter);
}
private class MyCustomAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
private static final int TYPE_ITEM = 0;
private static final int TYPE_SEPARATOR = 1;
private static final int TYPE_MAX_COUNT = TYPE_SEPARATOR + 1;
private ArrayList mData = new ArrayList();
private LayoutInflater mInflater;
private TreeSet mSeparatorsSet = new TreeSet();
public MyCustomAdapter() {
mInflater = (LayoutInflater)getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
}
public void addItem(final String item) {
mData.add(item);
notifyDataSetChanged();
}
public void addSeparatorItem(final String item) {
mData.add(item);
// save separator position
mSeparatorsSet.add(mData.size() - 1);
notifyDataSetChanged();
}
@Override
public int getItemViewType(int position) {
return mSeparatorsSet.contains(position) ? TYPE_SEPARATOR : TYPE_ITEM;
}
@Override
public int getViewTypeCount() {
return TYPE_MAX_COUNT;
}
@Override
public int getCount() {
return mData.size();
}
@Override
public String getItem(int position) {
return mData.get(position);
}
@Override
public long getItemId(int position) {
return position;
}
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
ViewHolder holder = null;
int type = getItemViewType(position);
System.out.println("getView " + position + " " + convertView + " type = " + type);
if (convertView == null) {
holder = new ViewHolder();
switch (type) {
case TYPE_ITEM:
convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item1, null);
holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.text);
break;
case TYPE_SEPARATOR:
convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item2, null);
holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.textSeparator);
break;
}
convertView.setTag(holder);
} else {
holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag();
}
holder.textView.setText(mData.get(position));
return convertView;
}
}
public static class ViewHolder {
public TextView textView;
}
}
运行程序,你会看到每4个item一个分割线
看看日志,无异常,所有的convertView都是空的
02
-
05
15
:
19
:
03.080
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
0
null
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
19
:
03.112
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
1
null
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
19
:
03.130
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
2
null
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
19
:
03.141
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
3
null
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
19
:
03.160
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
4
null
type =
1
02
-
05
15
:
19
:
03.170
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
5
null
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
19
:
03.180
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
6
null
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
19
:
03.190
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
7
null
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
19
:
03.210
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
8
null
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
19
:
03.210
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
9
null
type =
1
|
滚动list:
02
-
05
15
:
19
:
54.160
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
10
null
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
19
:
57.440
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
11
android.widget.LinearLayout
@43744528
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
20
:
01.310
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
12
android.widget.LinearLayout
@43744eb0
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
20
:
01.880
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
13
android.widget.LinearLayout
@437456d8
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
20
:
02.869
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
14
null
type =
1
02
-
05
15
:
20
:
06.489
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
15
android.widget.LinearLayout
@43745f00
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
20
:
07.749
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
16
android.widget.LinearLayout
@43747170
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
20
:
10.250
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
17
android.widget.LinearLayout
@43747998
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
20
:
11.661
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
18
android.widget.LinearLayout
@437481c0
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
20
:
13.180
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
19
android.widget.LinearLayout
@437468a0
type =
1
02
-
05
15
:
20
:
16.900
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
20
android.widget.LinearLayout
@437489e8
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
20
:
25.690
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
21
android.widget.LinearLayout
@4374a8d8
type =
0
|
convertView对于分割线是空的,直到第一个分割线可见,当其离开屏幕,视图去到Recycler并且convertView开始起作用。
本文翻译自http://android.amberfog.com/?p=296
代码下载:MultipleItemsList.zip – source code