ifconf、ifreq及如何使用其获取广播地址

ifconf、ifreq介绍

//ifconf通常是用来保存所有接口信息的

//if.h

struct ifconf 
{
    int    ifc_len;            /* size of buffer    */
    union 
    {
        char *ifcu_buf;                        /* input from user->kernel*/
        struct ifreq *ifcu_req;        /* return from kernel->user*/
    } ifc_ifcu;
};
#define    ifc_buf    ifc_ifcu.ifcu_buf        /* buffer address    */
#define    ifc_req    ifc_ifcu.ifcu_req        /* array of structures    */

//ifreq用来保存某个接口的信息

//if.h

struct ifreq {
    char ifr_name[IFNAMSIZ];
    union {
        struct sockaddr ifru_addr;
        struct sockaddr ifru_dstaddr;
        struct sockaddr ifru_broadaddr;
        short ifru_flags;
        int ifru_metric;
        caddr_t ifru_data;
    } ifr_ifru;
};
#define ifr_addr ifr_ifru.ifru_addr
#define ifr_dstaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_dstaddr
#define ifr_broadaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_broadaddr
可通过下图来加深理解这两个结构体：

使用ioctl与ifonf,ifreq获取广播地址

<span style="font-size:14px;">#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <error.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

#define IFNAME "wlan1"   <span style="color:#006600;">//看你用的是哪个网，eth0 or eth1...</span>

struct sockaddr_in broadcast_addr;

int main()
{
    int sock = -1;
    int num = -1;
    struct ifreq *ifr;
    struct ifconf ifc;
    struct sockaddr_in broadcast_addr; 
    char buffer[1024];
    
    <span style="color:#006600;">//建立数据报套接字</span>
    sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
    <span style="color:#006600;">// 获取所有套接字接口</span>
    ifc.ifc_len = sizeof(buffer);
    ifc.ifc_buf = buffer;
    if (ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFCONF, (char *)&ifc) < 0){
        perror("ioctl-conf:");
    }
    
    ifr = ifc.ifc_req;<span style="color:#006600;">//从ifconf中的第一个开始与IFNAME匹配获取其广播地址</span>
    for(num=ifc.ifc_len/sizeof(struct ifreq); --num>=0; ifr++){
        if(!strcmp(ifr->ifr_name,  IFNAME)){
            if (ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFBRDADDR, ifr) == -1){                                                                
                perror("ioctl error");                                                                                              
            }
            break;
        }
    }
    <span style="color:#006600;">//将获得的广播地址复制到broadcast_addr</span>
    memcpy(&broadcast_addr, (char *)&ifr->ifr_broadaddr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
    printf("\nBroadcast-IP: %s\n\n", inet_ntoa(broadcast_addr.sin_addr));
} </span><span style="font-size:18px;">
</span>