【数据挖掘】心跳信号分类预测 之 My_Task2数据分析(EDA)

Table of Contents

2.3.1 载入各种数据科学与可视化库

#导入warnings包，利用过滤器来实现忽略警告语句。
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')
import missingno as msno     # 缺失值可视化库
import pandas as pd 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
import numpy as np
from pandas import DataFrame,Series

2.3.2载入训练集和测试集

• 导入训练集train.csv 和测试集

Train_data = pd.read_csv('./train.csv')
Test_data  = pd.read_csv('./testA.csv')

# 观察收尾数据
Train_data.head().append(Train_data.tail())

	id	heartbeat_signals	label
0	0	0.9912297987616655,0.9435330436439665,0.764677...	0.0
1	1	0.9714822034884503,0.9289687459588268,0.572932...	0.0
2	2	1.0,0.9591487564065292,0.7013782792997189,0.23...	2.0
3	3	0.9757952826275774,0.9340884687738161,0.659636...	0.0
4	4	0.0,0.055816398940721094,0.26129357194994196,0...	2.0
99995	99995	1.0,0.677705342021188,0.22239242747868546,0.25...	0.0
99996	99996	0.9268571578157265,0.9063471198026871,0.636993...	2.0
99997	99997	0.9258351628306013,0.5873839035878395,0.633226...	3.0
99998	99998	1.0,0.9947621698382489,0.8297017704865509,0.45...	2.0
99999	99999	0.9259994004527861,0.916476635326053,0.4042900...	0.0

# 探索train首尾数据
Train_data.head().append(Train_data.tail())

	id	heartbeat_signals	label
0	0	0.9912297987616655,0.9435330436439665,0.764677...	0.0
1	1	0.9714822034884503,0.9289687459588268,0.572932...	0.0
2	2	1.0,0.9591487564065292,0.7013782792997189,0.23...	2.0
3	3	0.9757952826275774,0.9340884687738161,0.659636...	0.0
4	4	0.0,0.055816398940721094,0.26129357194994196,0...	2.0
99995	99995	1.0,0.677705342021188,0.22239242747868546,0.25...	0.0
99996	99996	0.9268571578157265,0.9063471198026871,0.636993...	2.0
99997	99997	0.9258351628306013,0.5873839035878395,0.633226...	3.0
99998	99998	1.0,0.9947621698382489,0.8297017704865509,0.45...	2.0
99999	99999	0.9259994004527861,0.916476635326053,0.4042900...	0.0

# train 数据集的行列数
Train_data.shape

(100000, 3)

# # testA 数据集的行列数
Test_data.shape

(20000, 2)

2.3.3 总览数据概况

• describe()---- 可以探索数据各个统计量
• info() — 数据每列的type

# 获取train数据的相关统计量
Train_data.describe()

	id	label
count	100000.000000	100000.000000
mean	49999.500000	0.856960
std	28867.657797	1.217084
min	0.000000	0.000000
25%	24999.750000	0.000000
50%	49999.500000	0.000000
75%	74999.250000	2.000000
max	99999.000000	3.000000

# 获取train数据类型
Train_data.info()

<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 100000 entries, 0 to 99999
Data columns (total 3 columns):
 #   Column             Non-Null Count   Dtype  
---  ------             --------------   -----  
 0   id                 100000 non-null  int64  
 1   heartbeat_signals  100000 non-null  object 
 2   label              100000 non-null  float64
dtypes: float64(1), int64(1), object(1)
memory usage: 2.3+ MB

# 获取testA数据的相关统计量
Test_data.describe()

	id
count	20000.000000
mean	109999.500000
std	5773.647028
min	100000.000000
25%	104999.750000
50%	109999.500000
75%	114999.250000
max	119999.000000

# 获取testA数据类型
Test_data.info()

<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 20000 entries, 0 to 19999
Data columns (total 2 columns):
 #   Column             Non-Null Count  Dtype 
---  ------             --------------  ----- 
 0   id                 20000 non-null  int64 
 1   heartbeat_signals  20000 non-null  object
dtypes: int64(1), object(1)
memory usage: 312.6+ KB

2.3.4 判断数据缺失和异常

# 探索train查看缺失值情况
Train_data.isnull().sum()

id                   0
heartbeat_signals    0
label                0
dtype: int64

# 探索train查看缺失值情况
Test_data.isnull().sum()

id                   0
heartbeat_signals    0
dtype: int64

2.3.5 了解预测值的分布

Train_data['label']

0        0.0
1        0.0
2        2.0
3        0.0
4        2.0
        ... 
99995    0.0
99996    2.0
99997    3.0
99998    2.0
99999    0.0
Name: label, Length: 100000, dtype: float64

Train_data['label'].value_counts()

0.0    64327
3.0    17912
2.0    14199
1.0     3562
Name: label, dtype: int64

# 总体分布概况 (无界约翰逊分布等)
import scipy.stats as st
y = Train_data['label']
plt.figure(1); plt.title('Default')
sns.distplot(y, rug=True, bins=20)
plt.figure(2); plt.title('Normal')
sns.distplot(y, kde=False, fit=st.norm)
plt.figure(3); plt.title('Log Normal')
sns.distplot(y, kde=False, fit=st.lognorm)

<AxesSubplot:title={'center':'Log Normal'}, xlabel='label'>

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# 2) 查看skewness and kurtosis
sns.displot(Train_data['label']);
print("Skewness : %f" % Train_data['label'].skew())
print("Kurtosis : %f" % Train_data['label'].kurt())

Skewness : 0.871005
Kurtosis : -1.009573

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Train_data.skew(), Train_data.kurt()

(id       0.000000
 label    0.871005
 dtype: float64,
 id      -1.200000
 label   -1.009573
 dtype: float64)

sns.distplot(Train_data.kurt(),color = 'orange',axlabel = 'Kurtness')

<AxesSubplot:xlabel='Kurtness', ylabel='Density'>

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# 3) 查看预测值的具体频数
plt.hist(Train_data['label'],orientation = 'vertical',histtype = 'bar',color = 'red')
plt.show()

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2.3.7 用pandas_profiling 生成数据报告

import pandas_profiling

pfr = pandas_profiling.ProfileReport(Train_data)
pfr.to_file('./example.html')

部分效果图

总结

• 贼强这个库pandas_profiling
• 数据探索非常重要！@！！ 查看有没有缺失值，曾经做相关性系数矩阵,因为一个数据的一个缺失值,到时debug了挺久,如果先data.isnull().sum()就没那么多😭了
• 数据挖掘流程Xmind图

参考

GitHub链接