任务四- MySQL
1 MySQL 实战
#学习内容#
数据导入导出
将之前创建的任意一张MySQL表导出,且是CSV格式
再将CSV表导入数据库
MySQL中导出CSV格式数据的SQL语句样本如下:
select * from test_info
into outfile '/tmp/test.csv'
fields terminated by ',' optionally enclosed by '"' escaped by '"'
--字段之间以逗号分隔;字符串以半角双引号包围,字符串本身的双引号用两个双引号表示。
lines terminated by '\r\n';
--数据行之间以\r\n分隔;
MySQL中导入CSV格式数据的SQL语句样本如下:
load data infile '/tmp/test.csv'
into table test_info
fields terminated by ',' optionally enclosed by '"' escaped by '"'
lines terminated by '\r\n';
#作业#
项目七: 各部门工资最高的员工(难度:中等)
创建Employee 表,包含所有员工信息,每个员工有其对应的 Id, salary 和 department Id。
Id | Name | Salary | DepartmentId |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Joe | 70000 | 1 |
2 | Henry | 80000 | 2 |
3 | Sam | 60000 | 2 |
4 | Max | 90000 | 1 |
创建Department 表,包含公司所有部门的信息。
Id | Name |
---|---|
1 | IT |
2 | Sales |
编写一个 SQL 查询,找出每个部门工资最高的员工。例如,根据上述给定的表格,Max 在 IT 部门有最高工资,Henry 在 Sales 部门有最高工资。
±-----------±---------±-------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
±-----------±---------±-------+
| IT | Max | 90000 |
| Sales | Henry | 80000 |
±-----------±---------±-------+
--创建表1
create table Employee(
Id int not null primary key,
Name varchar(20),
Salary int,
DepartmentId int(10)
);
--向表1插入数据
insert into Employee
values(1,'Joe',70000,1),
( 2,'Henry',80000 ,2),
( 3,'Sam',60000,2 ),
(4,'Max',90000,1)
--创建表2
create table Department(
Id int not null primary key,
Name varchar(20)
);
--向表2插入数据
insert into Department
values(1,'IT'),
(2,'Sales')
--编写一个 SQL 查询,找出每个部门工资最高的员工。例如,根据上述给定的表格,Max 在 IT 部门有最高工资,Henry 在 Sales 部门有最高工资。
select Department,Employee,max(Salary) as Salary from
(select d.Name as Department,e.Name as Employee,e.Salary
from Department d inner join Employee e on d.Id=e.DepartmentId ) as a
group by Department;
项目八: 换座位(难度:中等)
小美是一所中学的信息科技老师,她有一张 seat 座位表,平时用来储存学生名字和与他们相对应的座位 id。
其中纵列的 id 是连续递增的
小美想改变相邻俩学生的座位。
你能不能帮她写一个 SQL query 来输出小美想要的结果呢?
请创建如下所示seat表:
示例:
id | student |
---|---|
1 | Abbot |
2 | Doris |
3 | Emerson |
4 | Green |
5 | Jeames |
假如数据输入的是上表,则输出结果如下:
id | student |
---|---|
1 | Doris |
2 | Abbot |
3 | Green |
4 | Emerson |
5 | Jeames |
注意:如果学生人数是奇数,则不需要改变最后一个同学的座位。
--创建表seat
create table seat(
id int(20) primary key,
student varchar(20)
);
--向上表插入数据
insert into seat(id,student)
values(1,"Abbot"),
(2,"Doris"),
(3,"Emerson"),
(4,"Green"),
(5,"Jeames")
--查询语句,思路是利用case...end
select (case
when id%2<>0 and id<>(select count(*) from seat) then id+1
when id%2<>0 and id=(select count(*) from seat) then id
else id-1
end)
AS id,student from seat order by id asc;
项目九: 分数排名(难度:中等)
编写一个 SQL 查询来实现分数排名。如果两个分数相同,则两个分数排名(Rank)相同。请注意,平分后的下一个名次应该是下一个连续的整数值。换句话说,名次之间不应该有“间隔”。
创建以下score表:
Id | Score |
---|---|
1 | 3.50 |
2 | 3.65 |
3 | 4.00 |
4 | 3.85 |
5 | 4.00 |
6 | 3.65 |
例如,根据上述给定的 Scores 表,你的查询应该返回(按分数从高到低排列):
Score | Rank |
---|---|
4.00 | 1 |
4.00 | 1 |
3.85 | 2 |
3.65 | 3 |
3.65 | 3 |
3.50 | 4 |
--创建表Scores
create table Scores(
Id int(20) not null primary key,
Score float(4)
--向表表Scores插入数据
insert into score(Id,Score)
values(1,3.50),
(2,3.65),
(3,4.00),
(4,3.85),
(5,4.00),
(6,3.65)
--查询语句
select Score,
(select count(distinct Score) from Score s2 where s2.Score >= s1.Score) as Rank from Score s1 order by Score desc;
4.2 MySQL 实战 - 复杂项目
#作业#
项目十:行程和用户(难度:困难)
Trips 表中存所有出租车的行程信息。每段行程有唯一键 Id,Client_Id 和 Driver_Id 是 Users 表中 Users_Id 的外键。Status 是枚举类型,枚举成员为 (‘completed’, ‘cancelled_by_driver’, ‘cancelled_by_client’)。
Id | Client_Id | Driver_Id | City_Id | Status | Request_at |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 | 10 | 1 | completed | 2013-10-01 |
2 | 2 | 11 | 1 | cancelled_by_driver | 2013-10-01 |
3 | 3 | 12 | 6 | completed | 2013-10-01 |
4 | 4 | 13 | 6 | cancelled_by_client | 2013-10-01 |
5 | 1 | 10 | 1 | completed | 2013-10-02 |
6 | 2 | 11 | 6 | completed | 2013-10-02 |
7 | 3 | 12 | 6 | completed | 2013-10-02 |
8 | 2 | 12 | 12 | completed | 2013-10-03 |
9 | 3 | 10 | 12 | completed | 2013-10-03 |
10 | 4 | 13 | 12 | cancelled_by_driver | 2013-10-03 |
Users 表存所有用户。每个用户有唯一键 Users_Id。Banned 表示这个用户是否被禁止,Role 则是一个表示(‘client’, ‘driver’, ‘partner’)的枚举类型。
Users_Id | Banned | Role |
---|---|---|
1 | No | client |
2 | Yes | client |
3 | No | client |
4 | No | client |
10 | No | driver |
11 | No | driver |
12 | No | driver |
13 | No | driver |
写一段 SQL 语句查出 2013年10月1日 至 2013年10月3日 期间非禁止用户的取消率。基于上表,你的 SQL 语句应返回如下结果,取消率(Cancellation Rate)保留两位小数。
Day | Cancellation Rate |
---|---|
2013-10-01 | 0.33 |
2013-10-02 | 0.00 |
2013-10-03 | 0.50 |
--创建表1
Create table If Not Exists Trips (Id int,Client_Id int, Driver_Id int, City_Id int, Status ENUM('completed','cancelled_by_driver', 'cancelled_by_client'), Request_at varchar(50));
--向表1插入数据
insert into Trips (Id, Client_Id, Driver_Id,City_Id, Status, Request_at) values('1', '1', '10', '1', 'completed','2013-10-01'),
('2', '2', '11', '1','cancelled_by_driver', '2013-10-01'),
('3', '3', '12', '6', 'completed','2013-10-01'),
('4', '4', '13', '6','cancelled_by_client', '2013-10-01'),
('5', '1', '10', '1', 'completed','2013-10-02'),
('6', '2', '11', '6', 'completed','2013-10-02'),
('7', '3', '12', '6', 'completed','2013-10-02'),
('8', '2', '12', '12', 'completed','2013-10-03'),
('9', '3', '10', '12', 'completed','2013-10-03'),
('10', '4', '13', '12','cancelled_by_driver', '2013-10-03');
--创建表2
Create table If Not Exists Users (Users_Id int,Banned varchar(50), Role ENUM('client', 'driver', 'partner'));
--向表2插入数据
insert into Users (Users_Id, Banned, Role)
values ('1', 'No', 'client'),
('2', 'Yes', 'client'),
('3', 'No', 'client'),
('4', 'No', 'client'),
('10', 'No', 'driver'),
('11', 'No', 'driver'),
('12', 'No', 'driver'),
('13', 'No', 'driver');
--查询语句
select request_at,
round(sum(case when status="completed" then 0 else 1 end)/count(*),2)
as "Cancellation Rate"
FROM (select * from Trips
where client_id not in (select users_id from Users where banned = "yes"
and role = "client")
and request_at >= "2013-10-01"
and request_at <= "2013-10-03") as t
group by request_at order by request_at asc;
项目十一:各部门前3高工资的员工(难度:中等)
将项目7中的employee表清空,重新插入以下数据(其实是多插入5,6两行):
Id | Name | Salary | DepartmentId |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Joe | 70000 | 1 |
2 | Henry | 80000 | 2 |
3 | Sam | 60000 | 2 |
4 | Max | 90000 | 1 |
5 | Janet | 69000 | 1 |
6 | Randy | 85000 | 1 |
编写一个 SQL 查询,找出每个部门工资前三高的员工。例如,根据上述给定的表格,查询结果应返回:
Department | Employee | Salary |
---|---|---|
IT | Max | 90000 |
IT | Randy | 85000 |
IT | Joe | 70000 |
Sales | Henry | 80000 |
Sales | Sam | 60000 |
此外,请考虑实现各部门前N高工资的员工功能。
--插入以下数据
insert into Employee(Id,Name,Salary,DepartmentId)
values(5,"Janet",69000,1),
(6,"Randy",85000,1);
--查询数据
select Department.Name as Department, e1.Name as Employee, e1.Salary as Salary from Employee e1 join Department on e1.DepartmentId = Department.Id
where 3 > (select count(distinct e2.Salary) from Employee e2
where e2.Salary > e1.Salary AND e1.DepartmentId =e2.DepartmentId)
oeder by Department.Name, e1.Salary desc;
项目十二 分数排名 - (难度:中等)
依然是昨天的分数表,实现排名功能,但是排名是非连续的,如下:
Score | Rank |
---|---|
4.00 | 1 |
4.00 | 1 |
3.85 | 3 |
3.65 | 4 |
3.65 | 4 |
3.50 | 6 |
select Score,
(select count(*) from Score s2 where s2.Score > s1.Score)+1 as Rank
from Score s1 order by Score desc;