systemctl服务编写，及日志控制

linux 的systemctl是一个系统服务管理工具，当我们想使用这个工具来管理服务，也是比较简单的。请看例子：

我想把一个java程序ibot写到系统服务里：

#[Unit]部分主要是对这个服务的说明，内容包括Description和After，Description
#用于描述服务，After用于描述服务类别
[Unit]
Description=iBot Service
After=syslog.target

#[Service]部分是服务的关键，是服务的一些具体运行参数的设置，这里Type=forking
#是后台运行的形式，PIDFile为存放PID的文件路径，ExecStart为服务的具体运行命令，
#ExecReload为重启命令，ExecStop为停止命令，PrivateTmp=True表示给服务分配独
#立的临时空间，注意：[Service]部分的启动、重启、停止命令全部要求使用绝对路径，使
#用相对路径则会报错！
#StandardOutput=null 是将程序业务日志输出到空，也可以指定文件，或者交给journal处理

[service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/java/bin/java -jar /usr/local/services/iBot-1.0.0-version.jar 
SuccessExitStatus=143
ExecStop=/usr/bin/kill -15  $MAINPID
StandardOutput=null
#StandardOutput=/tmp/services/logs/iBot/iBot-run.log

#[Install]部分是服务安装的相关设置，可设置为多用户的
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

其中，StandardOutput=null是我遇到过的问题，程序的日志交由journal处理后，journal把日志写到了系统日志。日志产生了混乱。所以可以通过StandardOutput=null来控制，把日志输出关闭。或者写对别的文件里去。常见的参数有：

StandardInput=null
StandardOutput=inherit
StandardError=inherit

我们也可以通过systemctl show iBot 来查看相关服务的信息，下面是nginx的信息

Type=forking
Restart=no
PIDFile=/var/run/nginx.pid
NotifyAccess=none
RestartUSec=100ms
TimeoutStartUSec=1min 30s
TimeoutStopUSec=1min 30s
WatchdogUSec=0
WatchdogTimestamp=三 2019-11-06 10:51:36 CST
WatchdogTimestampMonotonic=103011729
StartLimitInterval=10000000
StartLimitBurst=5
StartLimitAction=none
FailureAction=none
PermissionsStartOnly=no
RootDirectoryStartOnly=no
RemainAfterExit=no
GuessMainPID=yes
MainPID=1692
ControlPID=0
FileDescriptorStoreMax=0
StatusErrno=0
Result=success
ExecMainStartTimestamp=三 2019-11-06 10:51:36 CST
ExecMainStartTimestampMonotonic=103011700
ExecMainExitTimestampMonotonic=0
ExecMainPID=1692
ExecMainCode=0
ExecMainStatus=0
ExecStart={ path=/usr/sbin/nginx ; argv[]=/usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf ; ignore_errors=no ; start_time=[n/a] ; stop_time=[n/
ExecReload={ path=/bin/kill ; argv[]=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID ; ignore_errors=no ; start_time=[n/a] ; stop_time=[n/a] ; pid=0 ; code=(n
ExecStop={ path=/bin/kill ; argv[]=/bin/kill -s TERM $MAINPID ; ignore_errors=no ; start_time=[n/a] ; stop_time=[n/a] ; pid=0 ; code=(nu
Slice=system.slice
ControlGroup=/system.slice/nginx.service
MemoryCurrent=18446744073709551615
TasksCurrent=18446744073709551615
Delegate=no
CPUAccounting=no
CPUShares=18446744073709551615
StartupCPUShares=18446744073709551615
CPUQuotaPerSecUSec=infinity
BlockIOAccounting=no
BlockIOWeight=18446744073709551615
StartupBlockIOWeight=18446744073709551615
MemoryAccounting=no
MemoryLimit=18446744073709551615
DevicePolicy=auto
TasksAccounting=no
TasksMax=18446744073709551615
UMask=0022
LimitCPU=18446744073709551615
LimitFSIZE=18446744073709551615
LimitDATA=18446744073709551615
LimitSTACK=18446744073709551615
LimitCORE=18446744073709551615
LimitRSS=18446744073709551615
LimitNOFILE=4096
LimitAS=18446744073709551615
LimitNPROC=128268
LimitMEMLOCK=65536
LimitLOCKS=18446744073709551615
LimitSIGPENDING=128268
LimitMSGQUEUE=819200
LimitNICE=0
LimitRTPRIO=0
LimitRTTIME=18446744073709551615
OOMScoreAdjust=0
Nice=0
IOScheduling=0
CPUSchedulingPolicy=0
CPUSchedulingPriority=0
TimerSlackNSec=50000
CPUSchedulingResetOnFork=no
NonBlocking=no
StandardInput=null
StandardOutput=journal
StandardError=inherit
TTYReset=no
TTYVHangup=no
TTYVTDisallocate=no
SyslogPriority=30
SyslogLevelPrefix=yes
SecureBits=0
CapabilityBoundingSet=18446744073709551615
AmbientCapabilities=0
MountFlags=0
PrivateTmp=no
PrivateNetwork=no
PrivateDevices=no
ProtectHome=no
ProtectSystem=no
SameProcessGroup=no
IgnoreSIGPIPE=yes
NoNewPrivileges=no
SystemCallErrorNumber=0
RuntimeDirectoryMode=0755
KillMode=control-group
KillSignal=15
SendSIGKILL=yes
SendSIGHUP=no
Id=nginx.service
Names=nginx.service
Requires=basic.target
Wants=network-online.target system.slice
Conflicts=shutdown.target
Before=shutdown.target
After=remote-fs.target basic.target system.slice network-online.target nss-lookup.target systemd-journald.socket
Documentation=http://nginx.org/en/docs/
Description=nginx - high performance web server
LoadState=loaded
ActiveState=active
SubState=running
FragmentPath=/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
UnitFileState=disabled
UnitFilePreset=disabled
InactiveExitTimestamp=三 2019-11-06 10:51:35 CST
InactiveExitTimestampMonotonic=102834280
ActiveEnterTimestamp=三 2019-11-06 10:51:36 CST
ActiveEnterTimestampMonotonic=103011759
ActiveExitTimestampMonotonic=0
InactiveEnterTimestampMonotonic=0
CanStart=yes
CanStop=yes
CanReload=yes
CanIsolate=no
StopWhenUnneeded=no
RefuseManualStart=no
RefuseManualStop=no
AllowIsolate=no
DefaultDependencies=yes
OnFailureJobMode=replace
IgnoreOnIsolate=no
IgnoreOnSnapshot=no
NeedDaemonReload=no
JobTimeoutUSec=0
JobTimeoutAction=none
ConditionResult=yes
AssertResult=yes
ConditionTimestamp=三 2019-11-06 10:51:35 CST
ConditionTimestampMonotonic=102833967
AssertTimestamp=三 2019-11-06 10:51:35 CST
AssertTimestampMonotonic=102833967
Transient=no