http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_71715bf8010166up.html
除了一般的赋值和取值的方法,我们还可以用Key-Value-Coding(KVC)键值编码来访问你要存取的类的属性。
下图来自苹果官网:
如何使用KVC存取对象属性呢?看个示例
1、使用KVC
定义一个Student类,继承于NSObject。
.h文件
- #import
<Foundation/Foundation.h> -
- @interface
Student : NSObject - {
-
NSString *name; - }
- @end
- #import
"Student.h" - @implementation
Student - @end
.m文件也没有实现。name属性没有加property,原来的访问方法就访问不了name属性了。怎么办呢?用kvc就可以了
- #import
"Student.h" - int
main(int argc, const char * argv[]) - {
-
@autoreleasepool { -
Student *student = [[[Student alloc]init ]autorelease]; -
[student setValue:@"张三" forKey:@"name"]; -
NSString *name = [student valueForKey:@"name"]; -
NSLog(@"学生姓名:%@",name); -
} -
return 0; - }
打印结果:
2012-07-20 15:04:09.920 objectiveC[1977:403]
张三 这个值存进去了,通过valueForKey取出来了。
如果存的时候key和类属性的名称不一致会怎么样呢?
代码改成
运行,程序崩溃 ,打印:
2012-07-20 15:09:40.432 objectiveC[2069:403] *** Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSUnknownKeyException', reason: '[<Student 0x106f14270> setValue:forUndefinedKey:]: this class is not key value coding-compliant for the key name1.'
提示没有这个name1 这个key。
2、键路径访问属性
如果访问这个类里中的属性中的属性呢?那就用到了键路径
关键字:键路径取值valueForKeyPath 键路径存值:forKeyPath
新建一个类Course,课程类,课程类有课程名称这个属性
.h文件
- #import
<Foundation/Foundation.h> -
- @interface
Course : NSObject - {
-
NSString *CourseName; - }
- @end
- #import
"Student.h" - @implementation
Student - @end
在Student中添加Course属性 ,student.h文件中代码如下:
- #import
<Foundation/Foundation.h> - @class
Course; - @interface
Student : NSObject - {
-
NSString *name; -
Course *course; - }
- @end
实现还是什么都没有,这里就不贴代码了
在main方法中,我们实验通过键路径访问Course中CourseName的属性
- #import
"Student.h" - #import
"Course.h" - int
main(int argc, const char * argv[]) - {
-
@autoreleasepool { -
Student *student = [[[Student alloc]init ]autorelease]; -
[student setValue:@"张三" forKey:@"name"]; -
NSString *name = [student valueForKey:@"name"]; -
NSLog(@"学生姓名:%@",name); -
-
Course *course = [[[Course alloc]init] autorelease]; -
[course setValue:@"语文课" forKey:@"CourseName"]; -
[student setValue:course forKey:@"course"]; -
NSString *courseName = [student valueForKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"]; -
NSLog(@"课程名称:%@", courseName); -
-
//也可以这样存值 -
[student setValue:@"数学课" forKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"]; -
courseName = [student valueForKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"]; -
NSLog(@"课程名称:%@", courseName); -
-
} -
return 0; - }
运行打印结果:
2012-07-20 15:33:51.902 objectiveC[2415:403]
2012-07-20 15:33:51.904 objectiveC[2415:403]
2012-07-20 15:33:51.904 objectiveC[2415:403]
3、自动封装基本数据类型
我们在Student类中添加分数属性 NSInteger point;
.h文件
- #import
<Foundation/Foundation.h> - @class
Course; - @interface
Student : NSObject - {
-
NSString *name; -
Course *course; -
NSInteger point; - }
- @end
下面是main示例了
- #import
"Student.h" - #import
"Course.h" -
- int
main(int argc, const char * argv[]) - {
-
@autoreleasepool { -
Student *student = [[[Student alloc]init ]autorelease]; -
[student setValue:@"张三" forKey:@"name"]; -
NSString *name = [student valueForKey:@"name"]; -
NSLog(@"学生姓名:%@",name); -
-
Course *course = [[[Course alloc]init] autorelease]; -
[course setValue:@"语文课" forKey:@"CourseName"]; -
[student setValue:course forKey:@"course"]; -
NSString *courseName = [student valueForKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"]; -
NSLog(@"课程名称:%@", courseName); -
-
//也可以这样存值 -
[student setValue:@"数学课" forKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"]; -
courseName = [student valueForKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"]; -
NSLog(@"课程名称:%@", courseName); -
-
[student setValue:@"88" forKeyPath:@"point"]; -
NSString *point = [student valueForKey:@"point"]; -
NSLog(@"分数:%@", point); -
-
} -
return 0; - }
打印结果:
2012-07-20 15:43:19.593 objectiveC[2533:403]
2012-07-20 15:43:19.596 objectiveC[2533:403]
2012-07-20 15:43:19.596 objectiveC[2533:403]
2012-07-20 15:43:19.598 objectiveC[2533:403]
我们用NSString*类型设置的属性值@"88",而我们的属性是NSInteger类型的,存取都没有问题。
4、操作集合
在Student类中加入数组NSArray,用来表示其他的学生。这样我们可以添加多个其他的学生,再用集合操作计算学生的分数,最高分,最低分,平均分等
- #import
<Foundation/Foundation.h> - @class
Course; - @interface
Student : NSObject - {
-
NSString *name; -
Course *course; -
NSInteger point; -
NSArray *otherStudent; - }
- @end
.m文件实现不变。
在main函数中添加三个学生,添加到数组中,然后求平均分,最高,最低分,学生数量
- #import
"Student.h" - #import
"Course.h" - int
main(int argc, const char * argv[]) - {
-
@autoreleasepool { -
Student *student = [[[Student alloc]init ]autorelease]; -
[student setValue:@"张三" forKey:@"name"]; -
NSString *name = [student valueForKey:@"name"]; -
NSLog(@"学生姓名:%@",name); -
-
[student setValue:@"88" forKey:@"point"]; -
NSString *point = [student valueForKey:@"point"]; -
NSLog(@"分数:%@", point); -
-
Student *student1 = [[[Student alloc]init]autorelease]; -
Student *student2 = [[[Student alloc]init]autorelease]; -
Student *student3 = [[[Student alloc]init]autorelease]; -
[student1 setValue:@"65" forKey:@"point"]; -
[student2 setValue:@"77" forKey:@"point"]; -
[student3 setValue:@"99" forKey:@"point"]; -
NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:student1,student2,student3,nil]; -
[student setValue:array forKey:@"otherStudent"]; -
NSLog(@"其他学生的成绩%@", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.point"]); -
NSLog(@"共%@个学生", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.@count"]); -
NSLog(@"最高成绩:%@", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.@max.point"]); -
NSLog(@"最低成绩:%@", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.@min.point"]); -
NSLog(@"平均成绩:%@", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.@avg.point"]); -
} -
return 0; - }
运行打印结果
2012-07-20 16:09:17.101 objectiveC[2857:403]
2012-07-20 16:09:17.104 objectiveC[2857:403]
2012-07-20 16:09:17.105 objectiveC[2857:403]
)
2012-07-20 16:09:17.106 objectiveC[2857:403]
2012-07-20 16:09:17.106 objectiveC[2857:403]
2012-07-20 16:09:17.107 objectiveC[2857:403]
2012-07-20 16:09:17.108 objectiveC[2857:403]
还可以求总和