《Executor框架》简单介绍了Executor的概念和用法,在Executor框架中最基本的执行单元是任务,可以使用Runnable表示一个任务。但是Runnable有一个缺点,run()方法返回类型是void, 所以在Executor框架中定义了Callable表示一个任务,可以看做Runnable的加强版。
由Callable定义的任务提交到ExecutorService执行,会返回一个类型为Future的结果,通过Future的get()方法就可以获取任务执行结果,如果任务还没有执行完,则会被阻塞,直到任务执行完毕。下面是Callable和Future接口的定义:
public interface Callable<V> {
V call() throws Exception; //Computes a result, or throws an exception if unable to do so.
}
public interface Future<V> {
boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning);
boolean isCancelled();
boolean isDone();
V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException;
V get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException;
}
下面是一个计算Fibonacci数列的一个例子:
public class CallableTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
final int nTasks = 5;
final int testStart = 20;
List<Future<Integer>> results = new ArrayList<Future<Integer>>(nTasks);
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for (int i = 0; i < nTasks; i++){
results.add(executor.submit(new Fibonacci(testStart + i))); //1
System.out.println("task " + i + " submitted");
}
for (Future<Integer> fs : results){
System.out.println(fs.get()); //2
}
executor.shutdown(); //3
}
}
class Fibonacci implements Callable<Integer>{
private int n;
public Fibonacci(int n) {
this.n = n;
}
@Override
public Integer call() throws Exception {
return calc(n);
}
private Integer calc(int n) throws Exception {
if ( n < 0 )
throw new Exception("Illegal argument");
if ( n <= 1)
return n;
else
return calc(n-1) + calc(n-2);
}
}
//1:创建任务并提交,提交后Executor就会启动线程计算。
//2:通过get()获取结果,如果还没有计算完,get()就被阻塞。
//3:完成任务后关闭线程池。