C++模板学习(函数模板+类模板)

函数模板，比如求两个同种类型对象中较小的那个

#include<iostream> using namespace std; template<class T> T Min(T x, T y) { return (x>y)? y : x; } int main() { int n1 = 10, n2 =9; cout<<"Min is : " << Min(n1, n2)<<endl; double d1 = 1.5, d2 = 3.4; cout<<"Min is : " << Min(d1, d2)<<endl; system("pause"); return 0; }

 

类模板(一般放在.h头文件中，类中的实现一般也是放在类定义中完成)

 

myStack.h如下

#ifndef mystack_HH #define mystack_HH template<typename T, int MAXSIZE> class Stack { protected: T elems[MAXSIZE]; int top; public: Stack(){top = 0; } void push(T t) { if(top < MAXSIZE) elems[top++] = t; } T pop() { if(top > 0) return elems[top--]; } T getTop() { if(top > 0) return elems[top]; } void print() { for(int i=0; i<top; i++) cout<< elems[i] << " "; cout<<endl; } }; #endif

 

另外一个模板类的声明(关键字用class或者typename都可以)

#ifndef classTemplate_HH #define classTemplate_HH #include <iostream> using namespace std; template<typename T1, typename T2> class myclass { private: T1 I; T2 J; public: myclass(T1 a, T2 b); void show(); }; template<typename T1, typename T2> myclass<T1, T2>::myclass(T1 a, T2 b) : I(a), J(b) { } template<typename T1, typename T2> void myclass<T1, T2>::show() { cout<<"I :"<<I<<", J: "<<J<<endl; } #endif

当需要用到类模板时，直接#include "XXX.h"

#include <cstdlib> #include <iostream> #include "classTemplate.h" #include "mystack.h" using namespace std; int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { myclass<int, int> class1(3,5); class1.show(); myclass<int, char> class2(1,'a'); class2.show(); myclass<double, int> class3(2.9, 10); class3.show(); Stack<int, 20> s; system("PAUSE"); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }