1.
(1)Show that this theorem is a corollary to the Turan theorem for cliques.
According to the third proof (the probabilistic method),we can change the Claim:
to
σ(G) repensents the number of vertices in an independent set.
So, it’s a corollary to the Turan theorem.
(2)Prove the theorem directly for the independent sets by the probabilistic method along with the Cauchy-Schwartz theorem, without using the Turan theorem.
We prove this by the probabilistic method. Fix a random ordering of vertices in
V,
say
v1,v2,…,vn.
We construct an independent set as follows:
σ(G)=∅
while
G!=∅
{
∀vi∈G
σ(G)+=vi
G=G−vi
-all neighbour of
vi
}
Let
Xv
be the random variable that indicates whether
v∈σ(G),
i.e.,
σ(G)=S
Note that a vertex
v∈S
The probability that v is ranked is
11+dv.
Thus,
Observe that |S|=∑v∈VXv. Due to linearity of expectation,
Apply the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality
Set av=1+dv‾‾‾‾‾‾√ and bv=11+dv√, then avbv=1 and so
so we have |S|≥n22m+n
2 according to Sunflower Lemma (Erdős-Rado)
Let
⊆(Xk).
If
||>k!(r−1)k,
then contains a sunflower of size r.
Edge implies
k=2
because
>2(r−1)2
contains a sunflower of size r
if core
∅
,then it’s a match, else it’s a star.
3.
(1)proof by contradiction:
fix
B
,suppose
suppose
xi⊂xj
, we have
xi⊂Aj,
which contradicts with
A∩B⊄C
for any
A,B,C∈.
so,S is an anti chain.
(2)because the k-uniform
(Xk)
is an antichain
is antichain
According to theorem (Sperner)
Let
⊆2X
where
|X|=n.
If
is an antichain, then
||≤(n⌊n/2⌋).
because n=k, we have
||≤1+(k⌊k/2⌋).
4.
Consider that
for every item
c
in
|1|=||⊆([n]n−k)
we have
t=n−k,n>2t
since
A∪B≠[n]
for all
A,B∈
A1∩B1≠∅
for all
A1,B1∈1
,
1
is intersecting
according to Erdős–Ko–Rado theorem
Let
1⊆([n]t)
and
n≥2t.
If
is intersecting, then
|1|≤(n−1t−1).
so we have
|1|=||≤(n−1t−1)
(n−1t−1)=(1−kn)(nk).
so,
||≤(1−kn)(nk)