一、LCD驱动框架
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fb.h>
#include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
#include <linux/clk.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
static struct fb_info *lcd_info;
static int lcd_init(void)
{
/* 1. 分配一个fb_info */
lcd_info = framebuffer_alloc(0, NULL);
/* 2. 设置 */
/* 2.1 设置固定的参数 fix */
/* 2.2 设置可变的参数 var */
/* 2.3 设置操作函数 fbops*/
/* 2.4 其他的设置 */
/* 3. 硬件相关的操作 */
/* 3.1 配置GPIO用于LCD */
/* 3.2 根据LCD手册设置LCD控制器, 比如VCLK的频率等 */
/* 3.3 分配显存(framebuffer), 并把地址告诉LCD控制器 */
/* 4. 注册 */
register_framebuffer(lcd_info);
return 0;
}
static void lcd_exit(void)
{
}
module_init(lcd_init);
module_exit(lcd_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Jerry.Gou");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION(TQ210 lcd driver);
添加LCD设备驱动至内核,点击下载代码
tq210_fb.h
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fb.h>
#include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
#include <linux/clk.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
static struct fb_info *lcd_info;
unsigned long pseudo_palette[16];
/*LCD GPIO Pins*/
volatile unsigned long* gpf0con;
volatile unsigned long* gpf1con;
volatile unsigned long* gpf2con;
volatile unsigned long* gpf3con;
volatile unsigned long* gpd0con;
volatile unsigned long* gpd0dat;
volatile unsigned long* display_control;
/*LCD Controler Pins*/
struct S5PV210_lcd_regs{
volatile unsigned long vidcon0;
volatile unsigned long vidcon1;
volatile unsigned long vidcon2;
volatile unsigned long vidcon3;
volatile unsigned long vidtcon0;
volatile unsigned long vidtcon1;
volatile unsigned long vidtcon2;
volatile unsigned long vidtcon3;
volatile unsigned long wincon0;
volatile unsigned long wincon1;
volatile unsigned long wincon2;
volatile unsigned long wincon3;
volatile unsigned long wincon4;
volatile unsigned long shadowcon;
volatile unsigned long reserve1[2];
volatile unsigned long vidosd0a;
volatile unsigned long vidosd0b;
volatile unsigned long vidosd0c;
};
volatile unsigned long* vidw00add0b0;
volatile unsigned long* vidw00add1b0;
struct clk *lcd_clk;
struct S5PV210_lcd_regs *tq210_lcd_regs;
static inline unsigned int chan_to_field(unsigned int chan, struct fb_bitfield *bf)
{
chan &= 0xffff;
chan >>= 16 - bf->length;
return chan << bf->offset;
}
static int tq210_lcdfb_setcolreg(unsigned int regno, unsigned int red,
unsigned int green, unsigned int blue,
unsigned int transp, struct fb_info *info)
{
unsigned int val;
if (regno > 16)
return 1;
/* 用red,green,blue三原色构造出val */
val = chan_to_field(red, &info->var.red);
val |= chan_to_field(green, &info->var.green);
val |= chan_to_field(blue, &info->var.blue);
//((u32 *)(info->pseudo_palette))[regno] = val;
pseudo_palette[regno] = val;
return 0;
}
//帧缓冲操作函数
static struct fb_ops tq210_lcd_fbops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.fb_setcolreg = tq210_lcdfb_setcolreg,//设置color寄存器和调色板
//下面这3个函数是通用的
.fb_fillrect = cfb_fillrect,//画一个矩形
.fb_copyarea = cfb_copyarea,//数据拷贝
.fb_imageblit = cfb_imageblit,//图像填充
};
static int __init lcd_init(void)
{
int ret;
//1. 分配fb_info
lcd_info = framebuffer_alloc(0, NULL);
if(lcd_info == NULL){
printk(KERN_ERR "alloc framebuffer failed!\n");
return -ENOMEM;
}
//2. 配置fb_info参数
//2.1 fix固定参数
strcpy(lcd_info->fix.id, "TQ210_lcd");
lcd_info->fix.smem_len = 800 * 480 * 32/8; //缓冲区大小(全屏字节数),采用32bpp表示32位表示一个像素点
lcd_info->fix.type = FB_TYPE_PACKED_PIXELS;
lcd_info->fix.visual = FB_VISUAL_TRUECOLOR; //TFT 真彩色
lcd_info->fix.line_length = 800 * 4; //行字节数,一行800个点
//2.2 var可变参数
lcd_info->var.xres = 800;//X轴(行)的实际像素
lcd_info->var.yres = 480;//y轴(列)实际像素
lcd_info->var.xres_virtual = 800;//虚拟屏,设置虚拟像素和实际像素一样
lcd_info->var.yres_virtual = 480;
lcd_info->var.xoffset = 0;//实际像素和虚拟像素偏移值为0
lcd_info->var.yoffset = 0;
lcd_info->var.bits_per_pixel = 32;//每个像素点有32个位组成(4个字节)
/*RGB:888*/
lcd_info->var.red.offset = 16;//red在16位域中偏移值为11
lcd_info->var.red.length = 8;
lcd_info->var.red.msb_right = 0;
lcd_info->var.green.offset = 8;//red在16位域中偏移值为11
lcd_info->var.green.length = 8;
lcd_info->var.green.msb_right = 0;
lcd_info->var.blue.offset = 0;//red在16位域中偏移值为11
lcd_info->var.blue.length = 8;
lcd_info->var.blue.msb_right = 0;
lcd_info->var.activate = FB_ACTIVATE_NOW;
//2.3 设置其他参数
//2.3.1 显存大小
lcd_info->screen_size = 800 * 480 * 4; //和显存一样大小设置
//2.3.2 调色板
lcd_info->pseudo_palette = pseudo_palette;
//2.3.3 显存操作函数
lcd_info->fbops = &tq210_lcd_fbops;
//2.3.4 设置显存的虚拟起始地址
lcd_info->screen_base = dma_alloc_writecombine(NULL, lcd_info->screen_size , (dma_addr_t *)&lcd_info->fix.smem_start, GFP_KERNEL);
//3. 硬件相关操作
//3.1获取lcd时钟,使能时钟
lcd_clk = clk_get(NULL, "lcd");
if(!lcd_clk || IS_ERR(lcd_clk)){
printk(KERN_INFO "failed to get clock source\n");
}
clk_enable(lcd_clk);
//3.2 配置GPIO用于LCD
gpf0con = ioremap(0xE0200120, 4);
gpf1con = ioremap(0xE0200140, 4);
gpf2con = ioremap(0xE0200160, 4);
gpf3con = ioremap(0xE0200180, 4);
gpd0con = ioremap(0xE02000A0, 4);
gpd0dat = ioremap(0xE02000A4, 4);
tq210_lcd_regs = ioremap(0xF8000000, sizeof(struct S5PV210_lcd_regs));
vidw00add0b0 = ioremap(0xF80000A0, 4);
vidw00add1b0 = ioremap(0xF80000D0, 4);
display_control = ioremap(0xe0107008, 4);
//设置相关GPIO引脚用于LCD
*gpf0con = 0x22222222;
*gpf1con = 0x22222222;
*gpf2con = 0x22222222;
*gpf3con = 0x22222222;
//使能LCD本身,LCD_PWM引脚 XpwmTOUT0 GPD0_0 背光
*gpd0con &= ~0x0F;
*gpd0con |= 0x01;
*gpd0dat |= 1<<0; //0打开 1关闭
//显示路径的选择, 0b10: RGB=FIMD I80=FIMD ITU=FIMD
/*RGB接口和i80接口的区别:
在嵌入式的主流 LCD屏中主要支持两大类的硬件接口,一种是常见的RGB接口,另外一种是MCU接口.
MCU接口最早是针对单片机的领域在使用,因此得名.后在中低端手机大量使用,其主要特点是价格便宜的.
MCU-LCD接口的标准术语是Interface 80,因此在很多文档中用I80 来指MCU-LCD屏。
MCU-LCD屏它与RGB-LCD屏主要区别在于显存的位置.
而MCU-LCD的设计之初只要考虑单片机的 内存较小,因此都是把显存内置在LCD模块内部.然后软件通过专
门显示命令来更新显存,因此MCU屏往往不能做得很大.同时显示更新速度也比RGB-LCD慢.
RGB屏只需显存组织好数据。启动显示后。LCD-DMA会自动把显存通过RGB接口送到LCM。
而MCU屏则需要发送画点的命令来修改MCU内部RAM。(即不能直接MCU屏RAM)
所以RGB显示速度明显比MCU快,而且播放视频方面,MCU-LCD也比较慢.
ITU接口是给摄像头使用的。*/
*display_control = 2<<0;
//3.3映射LCD控制器对应寄存器
tq210_lcd_regs->vidcon0 = (4<<6)|(1<<4);
tq210_lcd_regs->vidcon1 = (1<<6)|(1<<5)|(1<<4);
tq210_lcd_regs->vidtcon0 = (17<<16)|(26<<8)|(4<<0);
tq210_lcd_regs->vidtcon1 = (40<<16)|(214<<8)|(4<<0);
tq210_lcd_regs->vidtcon2 = (479<<11)|(799<<0);
tq210_lcd_regs->wincon0 &= ~(0xf<<2);
tq210_lcd_regs->wincon0 |= (0xb<<2);
tq210_lcd_regs->vidosd0a = (0<<11)|(0<<0);
tq210_lcd_regs->vidosd0b = (799<<11)|(479<<0);
tq210_lcd_regs->vidosd0c = 480*800;
*vidw00add0b0 = (volatile unsigned long)lcd_info->fix.smem_start;
*vidw00add1b0 = (volatile unsigned long)lcd_info->fix.smem_start + lcd_info->fix.smem_len;
tq210_lcd_regs->shadowcon = 0x01;//使能通道0
tq210_lcd_regs->vidcon0 |= 0x3; //开启总控制器
tq210_lcd_regs->wincon0 |= 1; //开启窗口0
//4. 注册fb_info
ret = register_framebuffer(lcd_info);
return ret;
}
static void __exit lcd_exit(void)
{
unregister_framebuffer(lcd_info);
dma_free_writecombine(NULL, lcd_info->fix.smem_len,
(void*)lcd_info->screen_base, (dma_addr_t)lcd_info->fix.smem_start);
iounmap(vidw00add1b0);
iounmap(vidw00add0b0);
iounmap(tq210_lcd_regs);
iounmap(gpd0dat);
iounmap(gpd0con);
iounmap(gpf3con);
iounmap(gpf2con);
iounmap(gpf1con);
iounmap(gpf0con);
framebuffer_release(lcd_info);
}
module_init(lcd_init);
module_exit(lcd_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Jerry.Gou");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("TQ210 lcd driver");
将上面的代码在自己的内核环境下编译,然后下载到开发板上试运行即可。
在安装驱动程序前执行指令:
ls /dev/fb*
如果有fb0或者其他fb*存在,应该修改内和配置,取消其他fb的配置(是编译加载\drivers\video\s3c-fb.c导致)
修改\drivers\video\Makefile
obj-$(CONFIG_FB_S3C) += s3c-fb.o
改为
obj-$(CONFIG_FB_S3C) += tq210/
#obj-$(CONFIG_FB_S3C) += s3c-fb.o
在driver目录下添加tq210目录,存放lcd设备文件
tq210目录下添加Makefile文件和Kconfig文件
Makefile
#
# Makefile for the s3c framebuffer driver
#
ifeq ($(CONFIG_FB_S3C),y)
obj-$(CONFIG_FB_TQ210) += tq210_fb.o
endif
Kconfig
#
# S3C Video configuration
#
config FB_TQ210
tristate "TQ210 lcd support"
depends on FB
select FB_CFB_FILLRECT
select FB_CFB_COPYAREA
select FB_CFB_IMAGEBLIT
---help---
Currently the suport is only for the TQ210
同时\drivers\video\Kconfig中config FB_CIRRUS前面添加
source "drivers/video/tq210/Kconfig"
如果看不到fb*设备,则可以按照如下步骤进行测试。
测试前还需要修改下内核配置,有两个原因:
(1) 内核默认配置下不支持Frame buffer
(2) 我们的驱动程序中用到了三个函数:
.fb_fillrect = cfb_fillrect,
.fb_copyarea = cfb_copyarea,
.fb_imageblit = cfb_imageblit,
这三个函数是引用的内核中的函数,不是我们自行实现的。
鉴于上面两个原因,我们需要配置内核支持Frame buffer和列举出的三个函数,另外,内核中并没有直接配置支持这三个函数的选项,权宜之计,修改下drivers/video目录下的Kconfig文件,在config FB项中添加
select FB_CFB_FILLRECT
select FB_CFB_COPYAREA
select FB_CFB_IMAGEBLIT
添加时一定保证格式正确,参考下该文件下的其他配置项即可。配置完成后执行make menuconfig作如下配置:
Device Drivers --->
Graphics support --->
<*> Support for frame buffer devices --->
<*> TQ210 lcd support
测试方法:
(1) 在Linux主机上编译下面的C++程序
#include <iostream>
unsigned long buffer[480][800] = {0};
void put_long_hex(unsigned long v){
for(int i = 0; i != 4; ++i){
std::cout.put(static_cast<char>(0xff&(v>>(8*(3-i)))));
}
}
int main(){
for(int i = 0; i != 480; ++i){
buffer[i][0] = 0x00ff0000;
buffer[i][799] = 0x0000ff00;
}
for(int i = 0; i != 800; ++i){
buffer[0][i] = 0xff000000;
buffer[479][i] = 0x00ffff00;
}
for(int i = 0; i != 480; ++i){
for(int j = 0; j != 800; ++j){
put_long_hex(buffer[i][j]);
}
}
}
编译指令如下:
g++ -o main main.cpp
然后如下方式执行程序:
./main > /nfsroot/rootfs/test.img
我是直接将文件生成在NFS的根文件系统下了,你也可以用其他方式将生成的文件拷贝到开发板运行环境内,然后执行如下指令:
cat test.img > /dev/fb0
这时,就可以在屏幕上看到一个矩形且矩形的四条边颜色不相同。
如果想将驱动编译进内核,并在启动时可以看到小企鹅,可以将上面的驱动拷贝到内核的drivers/video/目录下,命名为tq210_fb.c,然后在该目录下做如下修改:
退回到内核根目录下,执行make menuconfig并按如下方式配置内核Device Drivers --->
Graphics support --->
<*> Support for frame buffer devices --->
<*> TQ210 lcd support
[*] Bootup logo --->
[*] Standard black and white Linux logo
[*] Standard 16-color Linux logo
[*] Standard 224-color Linux logo
然后执行指令make zImage或者make uImage来编译内核,将编译好的内核烧写到开发板或者是放到NFS下即可正常运行。