笨方法学python-10（习题30-33）

习题30：Else和If

people = 30
cars = 40
buses = 15
if people < cars:
    print("We should take the cars.")
elif people > cars:
    print("We should not take the cars.")
else:
    print("We can't decide.")

if buses > cars:
    print("That's too many buses.")
elif buses < cars:
    print("Maybe we should take the buses.")
else:
    print("We still can't decide.")

if people > buses:
    print("Alright, let's just take the buses.")
else:
    print("Fine, let's stay home then.")

1.  猜想一下  elif 和  else 的功能。

elif后面可以接判断条件，为真执行其包含的语句；为假，跳过。

else，在前面所有条件都为假的时候，执行。

2. 将  cars ,  people , 和  buses 的数量改掉，然后追溯每一个 if 语句。看看最后会打印出什么来。

3. 试着写一些复杂的布尔表达式，例如  cars > people and buses < cars 。

people = 30
buses = 10
cars = 5
if people < (cars*4):
    print("People can go by cars.")
elif people < (buses*10):
    print("People can take buses.")
else:
    print("It's maybe hard for so many people go together.")
if people > cars and people > buses:
    print("Too many people.")
else:
    print("It's good!")

4. 在每一行的上面写注解，说明这一行的功用。

习题31：做出决定

print("You enter a dark room with two doors. Do you go through door #1 or door #2?")
door = input(">")
if door == "1":
    print("There's a giant bear here eating a cheese cake.  What do you do?")
    print("1. Take the cake.")
    print("2. Scream at the bear")
    bear = input(">")
    if bear == "1":
        print("The bear eats your face off, Good job!")
    elif bear == "2":
        print("Well, doing %s is probably better. Bear runs away." % bear)
elif door == "2":
    print("You stare into the endless abyss at Cthulhu's retina.")
    print("1. Blueberries.")
    print("2. Yellow jacket clothespins.")
    print("3. Understanding revolvers yelling melodies.")
    insanity = input(">")
    if insanity == "1" or insanity == "2":
        print("Your body survives powered by a mind of jello. Good job!")
    else:
        print("The insanity rots your eyes into a pool of muck. Good job!")
else:
    print("You stumble around and fall on a knife and die. Good job!")

习题32：循环和列表

要开始学列表了

the_count = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
fruits = ['apples', 'oranges', 'peers', 'apricots']
change = [1, 'pennies', 2, 'dimes', 3, 'quarters']
for number in the_count:
    print("This is count %d" % number)
for fruit in fruits:
    print("A fruit of type: %s" % fruit)
for i in change:
    print("I got %r" % i)
elements = []
for i in range(0, 6):
    print("Adding %d to the list." % i)
    elements.append(i)
for i in elements:
    print("Element was: %d" % i)

1.  注意一下  range 的用法。查一下 range 函数并理解它。

range(start, stop[, step])

start默认为0；stop必填；step默认为1，必须为非零整数

range返回一个左闭右开[left, right)的序列数

2. 在第 22 行，你可以可以直接将 elements 赋值为 range(0,6)，而无需使用 for 循环？

the_count = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
fruits = ['apples', 'oranges', 'peers', 'apricots']
change = [1, 'pennies', 2, 'dimes', 3, 'quarters']
for number in the_count:
    print("This is count %d" % number)
for fruit in fruits:
    print("A fruit of type: %s" % fruit)
for i in change:
    print("I got %r" % i)
elements =  range(0, 6)
for i in elements:
    print("Element was: %d" % i)

3. 在 Python 文档中找到关于列表的内容，仔细阅读以下，除了  append 以外列表还支持哪些操作？

Python基础教程——列表list：    http://www.runoob.com/python/python-lists.html

习题33：while循环

i = 0
numbers = []
while i < 6:
    print("At the top i is %d" % i)
    numbers.append(i)
    i = i + 1
    print("Number now:", numbers)   # 注意逗号
    print("At the bottom i is %d" % i)
    print("-------------------------------")
print("The numbers:")
for num in numbers:
    print(num)

1.  将这个 while 循环改成一个函数，将测试条件( i < 6 )中的  6 换成一个变量。

2. 使用这个函数重写你的脚本，并用不同的数字进行测试。

3. 为函数添加另外一个参数，这个参数用来定义第 8 行的加值  + 1 ，这样你就可以让它任意加值了。

4. 再使用该函数重写一遍这个脚本。看看效果如何。

i = 0
numbers = []
n = int(input(">"))  #自行输入
while i < n:
    print("At the top i is %d" % i)
    numbers.append(i)
    i = i + 1
    print("Number now:", numbers)   # 注意逗号
    print("At the bottom i is %d" % i)
    print("-------------------------------")
print("The numbers:")
for num in numbers:
    print(num)

5. 接下来使用  for-loop 和  range 把这个脚本再写一遍。你还需要中间的加值操作吗？如果你不去掉它，会有什么样的结果？

不需要了。不去掉程序就不会停止。

numbers = []
for i in range(0, 6):
    print("At the top i is %d" % i)
    numbers.append(i)
    print("Number now:", numbers)  # 注意逗号
    print("At the bottom i is %d" % i)
print("The numbers:")
for num in numbers:
    print(num)

很有可能你会碰到程序跑着停不下来了，这时你只要按着  CTRL 再敲  c (CTRL-c)，这样程序就会中断下来了。

今天差不多了，东西有点多。主要是elif、if-else、for、range、while、list