学习日记（二）Hibernate用法：针对数据库表数据的增加，查询，更新，删除

一、首先要搞定配置文档：

1、hibernate.cfg.xml；2.struts.xml;3.web.xml;4.XXX.hbm.xml

最主要的是配置hibernate.cfg.xml，位置必须与src同一路径，并且是src下的第一子菜单中，也就是打开src就能看到他，和src下的包名并列，这个要很注意，一般人都会在这里出错！

hibernate.cfg.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
	"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration> 
<session-factory>
	<property name="dialect">
        	org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>		<!-- 数据库方言 -->
    <property name="connection.url">
        	jdbc:mysql://192.168.4.139:3306/test</property><!-- 数据库连接URL -->
    <property name="connection.username">leo</property>	<!-- 数据库用户名 -->
    <property name="connection.password">cicdata</property>	<!-- 数据库用户密码 -->
    <property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>	<!-- 数据库驱动类 -->
	<property name="show_sql">true</property>
	<mapping resource="com/sterning/books/model/books.hbm.xml"></mapping>
	
	
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

二、增添数据：

首先你要创建要创建表的属性值，并配置其.hbm.xml文档。

Books.java

package com.sterning.books.model;

public class Books {
	// Fields
	private int bookId;// 编号
	private String bookName;// 书名

	public int getBookId() {
		return bookId;
	}

	public void setBookId(int bookId) {
		this.bookId = bookId;
	}

	public String getBookName() {
		return bookName;
	}

	public void setBookName(String bookName) {
		this.bookName = bookName;
	}

}

books.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-mapping>
	 <class name="com.sterning.books.model.Books" table="LEARN_FRAME" >
		 <id name="bookId" type="java.lang.Integer">
            <column name="ID" length="5" />
            <generator class="assigned" />
        </id>
		<property name="bookName" type="java.lang.String">
            <column name="NAME" length="100" />
        </property>
     </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

三、更新和删除数据

如果您是在同一个Session中取出数据并想要马上进行更新，则只要先查询并取出对象，透过setXXX()方法设定好新的值，然后呼叫session.flush()即可在同一个Session中更新指定的数据，例如：

package com.sterning.bean.hibernate;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import com.sterning.books.model.Books;

public class TestUpdate {

	private static Object updated;

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub

		SessionFactory sFactory=new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
		org.hibernate.classic.Session session=sFactory.openSession();
		
		
		java.util.List books=session.find("from Books");
		for (java.util.ListIterator iterator = books.listIterator(); iterator.hasNext(); ) {
			Books book = (Books) iterator.next();
			if(updated == null)
			updated = book;  
			System.out.println(
			"\n\tID: " + book.getBookId()+
			"\n\tNAME: " + book.getBookName());
			}
		
		((Books) updated).setBookName("Jesse");
		session.flush();
		books = session.find("from Books");   
		session.close(); 
		sFactory.close();
		for (java.util.ListIterator iterator = books.listIterator(); iterator.hasNext(); ) {
		Books book = (Books) iterator.next();            
		System.out.println(book.getBookName() +
				"\n\tID: " + book.getBookId()+
				"\n\tNAME: " + book.getBookName());
		} 
		
	}

}

这个程序会显示数据表中的所有数据，并将数据表中的第一笔数据更新，一个执行的结果如下：

Hibernate: select books0_.ID as ID0_, books0_.NAME as NAME0_ from LEARN_FRAME books0_

	ID: 2
	NAME: 哈哈

	ID: 4
	NAME: 哈哈

	ID: 5
	NAME: 254534

	ID: 6
	NAME: 2534
Hibernate: update LEARN_FRAME set NAME=? where ID=?
Hibernate: select books0_.ID as ID0_, books0_.NAME as NAME0_ from LEARN_FRAME books0_
INFO - closing
INFO - cleaning up connection pool: jdbc:mysql://192.168.4.139:3306/test
Jesse
	ID: 2
	NAME: Jesse
哈哈
	ID: 4
	NAME: 哈哈
254534
	ID: 5
	NAME: 254534
2534
	ID: 6
	NAME: 2534

如果您开启了一个Session，从数据表中取出数据显示到使用者接口上，之后关闭Session，当使用者在接口上操作完毕并按下储存时，这时您要重新开启一个Session，使用update()方法将对象中的数据更新至对应的数据表中，一个例子如下：

HibernateTest.java

import onlyfun.caterpillar.*; import net.sf.hibernate.*; import net.sf.hibernate.cfg.*; import java.util.*; public class HibernateTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws HibernateException { SessionFactory sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory(); Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();     List users = session.find("from User"); // 关闭这个Session session.close(); User updated = null; for (ListIterator iterator = users.listIterator(); iterator.hasNext(); ) { User user = (User) iterator.next(); if(updated == null) updated = user; System.out.println(user.getName() + "\n\tAge: " + user.getAge() + "\n\tSex: " + user.getSex()); } // 使用者作一些操作，之后储存 updated.setName("caterpillar"); // 开启一个新的Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();   // 更新数据 session.update(updated); users = session.find("from User");      session.close(); sessionFactory.close(); for (ListIterator iterator = users.listIterator(); iterator.hasNext(); ) { User user = (User) iterator.next();            System.out.println(user.getName() + "\n\tAge: " + user.getAge() + "\n\tSex: " + user.getSex()); }       } }

这个程序执行的结果范例如下，您可以看看实际上执行了哪些SQL：

log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (net.sf.hibernate.cfg.Environment). log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly. Hibernate: select user0_.user_id as user_id, user0_.name as name, user0_.sex as sex, ser0_.age as age from USER user0_ justin Age: 28 Sex: M momor Age: 25 Sex: F Bush Age: 25 Sex: M Becky Age: 35 Sex: F Hibernate: update USER set name=?, sex=?, age=? where user_id=? Hibernate: select user0_.user_id as user_id, user0_.name as name, user0_.sex as sex, ser0_.age as age from USER user0_ caterpillar Age: 28 Sex: M momor Age: 25 Sex: F Bush Age: 25 Sex: M Becky Age: 35 Sex: F

Hibernate提供了一个saveOrUpdate()方法，为数据的储存或更新提供了一个统一的操作接口，藉由定义映像文件时，设定标签的unsaved-value来决定什么是新的值必需，什么是已有的值必须更新：

User.hbm.xml

unsaved-value

可以设定的值包括：

◆any - 总是储存
◆none - 总是更新
◆null - id为null时储存（预设）
◆valid - id为null或是指定值时储存
　
这样设定之后，您可以使用session.saveOrUpdate(updated);来取代上一个程序的session.update(updated);方法。
　
如果要删除数据，只要使用delete()方法即可，直接看个例子。

package com.sterning.bean.hibernate;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import com.sterning.books.model.Books;

public class TestDel {

	private static Object updated;

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub

		SessionFactory sFactory=new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
		org.hibernate.classic.Session session=sFactory.openSession();
		
		
		java.util.List books=session.find("from Books");
		for (java.util.ListIterator iterator = books.listIterator(); iterator.hasNext(); ) {
			Books book = (Books) iterator.next();
			if(updated == null)
			updated = book;  
			System.out.println(
			"\n\tID: " + book.getBookId()+
			"\n\tNAME: " + book.getBookName());
			}
		
		session.delete(updated);
		books = session.find("from Books");   
		session.close(); 
		sFactory.close();
		for (java.util.ListIterator iterator = books.listIterator(); iterator.hasNext(); ) {
		Books book = (Books) iterator.next();            
		System.out.println(book.getBookName() +
				"\n\tID: " + book.getBookId()+
				"\n\tNAME: " + book.getBookName());
		} 
		
	}

}

一个执行的结果范例如下：

Hibernate: select books0_.ID as ID0_, books0_.NAME as NAME0_ from LEARN_FRAME books0_

	ID: 2
	NAME: Jesse

	ID: 4
	NAME: 哈哈

	ID: 5
	NAME: 254534

	ID: 6
	NAME: 2534
Hibernate: delete from LEARN_FRAME where ID=?
Hibernate: select books0_.ID as ID0_, books0_.NAME as NAME0_ from LEARN_FRAME books0_
INFO - closing
INFO - cleaning up connection pool: jdbc:mysql://192.168.4.139:3306/test
哈哈
	ID: 4
	NAME: 哈哈
254534
	ID: 5
	NAME: 254534
2534
	ID: 6
	NAME: 2534

Hibernate对于数据的更新、删除等动作，是依赖id值来判定，如果您已知id值，则可以使用load()方法来加载资料。

部分参考 51CTO.com