pandas学习笔记-索引、选取和过滤

Series索引（obj[…]）的工作方式类似于NumPy数组的索引，只不过Series的索引值不只是整数。下面是几个例子：

# -- coding: utf-8 --
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

obj = pd.Series(np.arange(4.0),index=['a','b','c','d'])

print obj

结果
a    0.0
b    1.0
c    2.0
d    3.0
dtype: float64

obj['b']
# 1.0
obj[1]
# 1.0
obj[2:4]
# c    2.0
# d    3.0
obj[['b','a','d']]
# b    1.0
# a    0.0
# d    3.0
obj[[1,3]]
# b    1.0
# d    3.0
obj[obj<2]
# a    0.0
# b    1.0

利用标签的切片运算与普通的python切片运算不同，其末端是包含的（inclusive）

obj['b':'c']
# b    1.0
# c    2.0

设置方式也很简单：

obj['b':'c'] = 5
print obj

结果
a    0.0
b    5.0
c    5.0
d    3.0
dtype: float64

对DataFrame进行索引其实就是获取一个或多个列：

data = pd.DataFrame(np.arange(16).reshape((4,4)),
                    index=['Ohio','Colorado','Utah','New York'],
                    columns=['one','two','three','four'])
#           one  two  three  four
# Ohio        0    1      2     3
# Colorado    4    5      6     7
# Utah        8    9     10    11
# New York   12   13     14    15
data['two']
# Ohio         1
# Colorado     5
# Utah         9
# New York    13
data[['three','one']]
#           three  one
# Ohio          2    0
# Colorado      6    4
# Utah         10    8
# New York     14   12

这种索引方式有几个特殊的情况。首先通过切片或布尔型数组选取行：

print data[:2]

结果
          one  two  three  four
Ohio        0    1      2     3
Colorado    4    5      6     7

print data[data['three']>5]

结果
          one  two  three  four
Colorado    4    5      6     7
Utah        8    9     10    11
New York   12   13     14    15

另一种用法是通过布尔型DataFrame（比如下面这个由标量比较运算得出的）进行索引：

data<5
#             one    two  three   four
# Ohio       True   True   True   True
# Colorado   True  False  False  False
# Utah      False  False  False  False
# New York  False  False  False  False

data[data<5] = 0
print data

结果
          one  two  three  four
Ohio        0    0      0     0
Colorado    0    5      6     7
Utah        8    9     10    11
New York   12   13     14    15

为了在DataFrame的行上进行标签索引，引入了专门的索引字段ix。它使你可以通过NumPy式的标记法以及轴标签从DataFrame中选取行和列的子集。

data.ix[['Colorado','Utath'],[3,0,1]]
#           four  one  two
# Colorado   7.0  0.0  5.0
# Utath      NaN  NaN  NaN
data.ix['Colorado',['two','three']]
# two      5
# three    6
# Name: Colorado, dtype: int32

data.ix[2]
# one       8
# two       9
# three    10
# four     11
# Name: Utah, dtype: int32
data.ix[:'Utah','two']
# Ohio        0
# Colorado    5
# Utah        9
# Name: two, dtype: int32
data.ix[data.three>5,:3]
#           one  two  three
# Colorado    0    5      6
# Utah        8    9     10
# New York   12   13     14