Python列表(list)的常见操作

切片

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#names列表原始值如下：
names = ["zhangsan","lisi","wangwu","zhaoliu","aaa","bbb","123","456","!@#$",[123,"456",789]]

print("-------------------------切片------------------------------------")
print(names[:5])   #截取下标0-4的元素
print(names[-2:])  #截取最后两个元素
print(names[2:8:2])  #从第三个元素到第8个元素间隔取值，步长为2
print(names[::2])  #间隔取值，步长为2
print(names[::-1]) #反转列表，相当于names.reverse()

输出如下：

-------------------------切片------------------------------------
['zhangsan', 'lisi', 'wangwu', 'zhaoliu', 'aaa']
['!@#$', [123, '456', 789]]
['wangwu', 'aaa', '123']
['zhangsan', 'wangwu', 'aaa', '123', '!@#$']
[[123, '456', 789], '!@#$', '456', '123', 'bbb', 'aaa', 'zhaoliu', 'wangwu', 'lisi', 'zhangsan']

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增删元素

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#names列表原始值如下：
names = ["zhangsan","lisi","wangwu","zhaoliu","aaa","bbb","123","456","!@#$",[123,"456",789]]

print("-------------------------增加元素---------------------------------")
names.append("append") #将字符串append添加到列表末尾
names.insert(1,"insert1") #将字符串insert1添加到下标为1的位置，原有数据下标依次后移
names.insert(5,"insert5") #将字符串insert5添加到下标为5的位置，原有数据下标依次后移
print(names)

print("-------------------------删除元素---------------------------------")
names.remove("insert1")  #删除值为insert1的元素
del names[0] #删除下标为0的元素
print(names)
names.pop() #删除最后一个元素
names.pop(5) #删除下标为5的元素
print(names)

输出如下：

-------------------------增加元素---------------------------------
['zhangsan', 'insert1', 'lisi', 'wangwu', 'zhaoliu', 'insert5', 'aaa', 'bbb', '123', '456', '!@#$', [123, '456', 789], 'append']
-------------------------删除元素---------------------------------
['lisi', 'wangwu', 'zhaoliu', 'insert5', 'aaa', 'bbb', '123', '456', '!@#$', [123, '456', 789], 'append']
['lisi', 'wangwu', 'zhaoliu', 'insert5', 'aaa', '123', '456', '!@#$', [123, '456', 789]]

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修改元素

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#names列表原始值如下：
names = ["zhangsan","lisi","wangwu","zhaoliu","aaa","bbb","123","456","!@#$",[123,"456",789]]

print("-------------------------修改元素---------------------------------")
names[2] = "modify2" #将下标为2的元素的值修改为字符串modify2
print(names)

输出如下：

-------------------------修改元素---------------------------------
['zhangsan', 'lisi', 'modify2', 'zhaoliu', 'aaa', 'bbb', '123', '456', '!@#$', [123, '456', 789]]

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查找元素

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#names列表原始值如下：
names = ["zhangsan","lisi","wangwu","zhaoliu","aaa","bbb","123","456","!@#$",[123,"456",789]]

#查找元素
print("-------------------------查找元素---------------------------------")
print(names)
print(names.index("aaa"))  #输出值为aaa的元素的下标值
print(names[names.index("aaa")])

输出如下：

-------------------------查找元素---------------------------------
['zhangsan', 'lisi', 'wangwu', 'zhaoliu', 'aaa', 'bbb', '123', '456', '!@#$', [123, '456', 789]]
4
aaa

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计数/反转/排序/清空列表

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#names列表原始值如下：
names = ["zhangsan","lisi","wangwu","zhaoliu","aaa","bbb","123","456","!@#$"]

#计数
print("-------------------------计数---------------------------------")
print(names.count("aaa"))  #输出值为aaa的元素的数量
#反转
print("-------------------------反转---------------------------------")
names.reverse() #反转列表
print(names)
#排序
print("-------------------------排序---------------------------------")
names.sort() #对列表排序，ASCII码顺序
print(names)
#清空列表
print("-------------------------清空---------------------------------")
names.clear() #清空列表
print(names)

输出如下：

-------------------------计数---------------------------------
1
-------------------------反转---------------------------------
['!@#$', '456', '123', 'bbb', 'aaa', 'zhaoliu', 'wangwu', 'lisi', 'zhangsan']
-------------------------排序---------------------------------
['!@#$', '123', '456', 'aaa', 'bbb', 'lisi', 'wangwu', 'zhangsan', 'zhaoliu']
-------------------------清空---------------------------------
[]

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扩展列表

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#扩展列表
a = [1,2,3]
b = [4,5,6]
print("-------------------------扩展列表---------------------------------")
a.extend(b)  #将b列表扩展到a列表末尾
print(a, b)

输出如下：

-------------------------扩展列表---------------------------------
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] [4, 5, 6]

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复制列表(浅copy，深copy)

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import copy

names = ["zhangsan","lisi","aaa","bbb","123","!@#$",[123,"456",789]]
name2 = names.copy()   #浅copy，只复制第一层，引用
name3 = copy.copy(names)   #浅copy，只复制第一层，引用
name4 = copy.deepcopy(names)  #深copy，完全复制没有关系
name5 = names  #不copy，只是将name5指向与names同一个地址

print("--------------------修改之前--------------------")
print("names                      ## :", names)
print("name2=names.copy()         ## :", name2)
print("name3=copy.copy(names)     ## :", name3)
print("name4=copy.deepcopy(names) ## :", name4)
print("name5=names                ## :", name5)


names[0] = "张三"
names[-1][0] = "xxx"

print("--------------------修改之后--------------------")
print("names                      ## :", names)
print("name2=names.copy()         ## :", name2)
print("name3=copy.copy(names)     ## :", name3)
print("name4=copy.deepcopy(names) ## :", name4)
print("name5=names                ## :", name5)

输出如下：

--------------------修改之前--------------------
names                      ## : ['zhangsan', 'lisi', 'aaa', 'bbb', '123', '!@#$', [123, '456', 789]]
name2=names.copy()         ## : ['zhangsan', 'lisi', 'aaa', 'bbb', '123', '!@#$', [123, '456', 789]]
name3=copy.copy(names)     ## : ['zhangsan', 'lisi', 'aaa', 'bbb', '123', '!@#$', [123, '456', 789]]
name4=copy.deepcopy(names) ## : ['zhangsan', 'lisi', 'aaa', 'bbb', '123', '!@#$', [123, '456', 789]]
name5=names                ## : ['zhangsan', 'lisi', 'aaa', 'bbb', '123', '!@#$', [123, '456', 789]]
--------------------修改之后--------------------
names                      ## : ['张三', 'lisi', 'aaa', 'bbb', '123', '!@#$', ['xxx', '456', 789]]
name2=names.copy()         ## : ['zhangsan', 'lisi', 'aaa', 'bbb', '123', '!@#$', ['xxx', '456', 789]]
name3=copy.copy(names)     ## : ['zhangsan', 'lisi', 'aaa', 'bbb', '123', '!@#$', ['xxx', '456', 789]]
name4=copy.deepcopy(names) ## : ['zhangsan', 'lisi', 'aaa', 'bbb', '123', '!@#$', [123, '456', 789]]
name5=names                ## : ['张三', 'lisi', 'aaa', 'bbb', '123', '!@#$', ['xxx', '456', 789]]