PHP初学乍练

接触PHP也已经两个星期了，因为公司的需要不得已从java改到了PHP，想想语言都是相通的学吧就！在这两个星期中大概了解了PHP的基本语法，还参加了一些项目的功能实现，总结一下吧养成这个好的习惯。

1,include、include_once、require、require_once 的区别

include 和 include_once的区别

include 会将你所需要的文件包含进来这样可以避免重复代码，正如include_once 所示的那样文件值导入一次，再倒入之前如果检测到已经导入则不会再倒入。

include 和 require 的区别

require 读入文件会用所读入的内容替换require 的语句，但是include则不会。这也导致了，如果include() 所包含的文件不存在的话，页面下面的代码仍将继续执行，而 require则不会继续执行.

2,zend framework 中 fetcheAll() 和 fetcheAssoc()的区别

fetcheAll() 返回的是一个连续的数组（Fetches all SQL result rows as a sequential array.）但是数组中的是对象。

      fetcheAssoc()返回的是一个联合的数组（Fetches all SQL result rows as an associative array.）数组中的还是数组。

例如一下对同一个结果集的返回形式

fecheAssoc():

Array ( 
[2] => Array ( [id] => 2 [first_name] => zhao [last_name] => liang [user_name] => liang ) 
[1] => Array ( [id] => 1 [first_name] => zhao [last_name] => liang1 [user_name] => liang1 ) 
[5] => Array ( [id] => 5 [first_name] => zhao [last_name] => liang3 [user_name] => liang3 ) 
[4] => Array ( [id] => 4 [first_name] => qian [last_name] => qian [user_name] => qian ) ) 
fetchAll()
Array ( 
[0] => stdClass Object ( [id] => 2 [first_name] => zhao [last_name] => liang [user_name] => liang ) 
[1] => stdClass Object ( [id] => 1 [first_name] => zhao [last_name] => liang1 [user_name] => liang1 ) 
[2] => stdClass Object ( [id] => 5 [first_name] => zhao [last_name] => liang3 [user_name] => liang3 )

[3] => stdClass Object ( [id] => 4 [first_name] => qian [last_name] => qian [user_name] => qian ) ) 

3,在PHP中各种数据类型的转换

向字符串的转换

布尔值的TRUE转换成字符串是“1”而FALSE则转换成“”空字符串；

数组转换成字符串“Array”；

Null转换成空字符串。

向数组的转换

对象向数组转换时，各个属性将是数组中的元素；

另外在print_r 格式化输出数组时会将数组的指针移动到数组的末尾，想要移动到数组开头还得用reset()函数来实现；

理解下面两种方法的不同

unset($bool_key);//清楚整个数组中的元素，在下一次添加时从0开始；另外这个函数在删除数组中的元素时不会重新将键值进行排序（array will not be reindexed） array_values()为重新排序函数；

foreach ($bool_key as $i => $value) {
unset($bool_key[$i]);
}//在添加元素时键值在原来的基础上增长（对于数字键）   

官方的一个Array的例子有助于对数组的理解

<?php

// Show all errors
error_reporting(E_ALL);

$arr = array('fruit' => 'apple', 'veggie' => 'carrot');

// Correct
print $arr['fruit'];  // apple
print $arr['veggie']; // carrot

// Incorrect.  This works but also throws a PHP error of level E_NOTICE because
// of an undefined constant named fruit
// 
// Notice: Use of undefined constant fruit - assumed 'fruit' in...
print $arr[fruit];    // apple

// This defines a constant to demonstrate what's going on.  The value 'veggie'
// is assigned to a constant named fruit.
define('fruit', 'veggie');

// Notice the difference now
print $arr['fruit'];  // apple
print $arr[fruit];    // carrot

// The following is okay, as it's inside a string. Constants are not looked for
// within strings, so no E_NOTICE occurs here
print "Hello $arr[fruit]";      // Hello apple

// With one exception: braces surrounding arrays within strings allows constants
// to be interpreted
print "Hello {$arr[fruit]}";    // Hello carrot
print "Hello {$arr['fruit']}";  // Hello apple

// This will not work, and will result in a parse error, such as:
// Parse error: parse error, expecting T_STRING' or T_VARIABLE' or T_NUM_STRING'
// This of course applies to using superglobals in strings as well
print "Hello $arr['fruit']";
print "Hello $_GET['foo']";

// Concatenation is another option
print "Hello " . $arr['fruit']; // Hello apple
?>

布尔值的转换

the boolean FALSE itself
the integer 0 (zero)
the float 0.0 (zero)
the empty string, and the string "0"
an array with zero elements
an object with zero member variables (PHP 4 only)
the special type NULL (including unset variables)
SimpleXML objects created from empty tags