上一篇：七、shell脚本语言文本三剑客（grep、AWK、sed）
目录
二、sed
sed叫做流编辑器，过滤和替换文本。
工作原理：sed 命令将当前处理的行读入模式空间进行处理，处理完把结果输出，并清空模式空 间。然后再将下一行读入模式空间进行处理输出，以此类推，直到最后一行。还有一个空间叫保持空间，又称暂存空间，可以暂时存放一些处理的数据，但不能直接输出，只能放到模式空间输出。 这两个空间其实就是在内存中初始化的一个内存区域，存放正在处理的数据和临时存放的数据。
1、格式
Usage:
sed [OPTION]... {script-only-if-no-other-script} [input-file]...
sed [选项] '地址 命令' file 2、选项
| 选项 | 描述 |
| -n | 不打印模式空间 |
| -e | 执行脚本、表达式来处理 |
| -f | 执行动作从文件读取执行 |
| -i | 修改原文件 |
| -r | 使用扩展正则表达式 |
3、sed命令
| 命令 | 描述 |
| s/regexp/replacement/ | 替换操作命令格式，替换字符串 |
| p | 打印当前模式空间 |
| P | 打印模式空间的第一行 |
| d | 删除模式空间，开始下一个循环 |
| D | 删除模式空间的第一行，开始下一个循环 |
| = | 打印当前行号 |
| a \text | 当前行追加文本 |
| i \text | 当前行上面插入文本 |
| c \text | 所选行替换新文本 |
| q | 立即退出 sed 脚本 |
| r | 追加文本来自文件 |
| : labe | label 为 b 和 t 命令 |
| b label | 分支到脚本中带有标签的位置，如果分支不存在则分支到脚本 的末尾 |
| t label | 如果 s///是一个成功的替换，才跳转到标签 |
| h H | 复制/追加模式空间到保持空间 |
| g G | 复制/追加保持空间到模式空间 |
| x | 交换模式空间和保持空间内容 |
| l | 打印模式空间的行，并显示控制字符$ |
| n N | 读取/追加下一行输入到模式空间 |
| w filename | 写入当前模式空间到文件 |
| ！ | 取反、否定 |
| & | 引用已匹配字符串 |
4、地址
| 地址 | 描述 |
| first~step | 步长，每 step 行，从第 first 开始 |
| $ | 匹配最后一行 |
| /regexp/ | 正则表达式匹配行 |
| number | 只匹配指定行 |
| addr1,addr2 | 开始匹配 addr1 行开始，直接 addr2 行结束 |
| addr1,+N | 从 addr1 行开始，向后的 N 行 |
| addr1,~N | 从 addr1 行开始，到 N 行结束 |
5、sed功能演示
sed功能验证准备：
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# cat /opt/servers
nimgtw 48003/udp # Nimbus Gateway
3gpp-cbsp 48049/tcp # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
isnetserv 48128/tcp # Image Systems Network Services
isnetserv 48128/udp # Image Systems Network Services
blp5 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
blp5 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/tcp # iqobject
iqobject 48619/udp # iqobject 5.1、sed匹配打印
1、打印匹配 blp5 开头的行
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# cat servers | sed -n '/^blp5/p'
blp5 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
blp5 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
或者
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# sed -n '/^blp5/p' servers
blp5 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
blp5 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator注：这里会有一个疑问的现场，就是去掉了-n之后的效果
[root@~ test]# sed '/^blp5/p' servers
nimgtw 48003/udp # Nimbus Gateway
3gpp-cbsp 48049/tcp # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
isnetserv 48128/tcp # Image Systems Network Services
isnetserv 48128/udp # Image Systems Network Services
blp5 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
blp5 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
blp5 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
blp5 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/tcp # iqobject
iqobject 48619/udp # iqobject 可以看到符合匹配条件的行重复显示了，根据这个我们可以简单的理解-n的效果就是指打印匹配到的内容。
2、打印第一行
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# cat servers | sed -n '1p'
nimgtw 48003/udp # Nimbus Gateway
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# sed -n '1p' servers
nimgtw 48003/udp # Nimbus Gateway 3、打印第一行至第三行
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# cat servers | sed -n '1,3p'
nimgtw 48003/udp # Nimbus Gateway
3gpp-cbsp 48049/tcp # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
isnetserv 48128/tcp # Image Systems Network Services
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# sed -n '1,3p' servers
nimgtw 48003/udp # Nimbus Gateway
3gpp-cbsp 48049/tcp # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
isnetserv 48128/tcp # Image Systems Network Services注：这里需要区分1,3p和1~3p的含义，1,3p是打印出1到3行的内容，1~3p是打印1行之后步长为3行的循环内容。这样说可能太绕口了，简单的理解就是 以1行为起，然后每3个步长为单位打印出所在的内容。
4、打印奇数行
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# seq 10 | sed -n '1~2p'
1
3
5
7
9注：打印奇数的原理就是起点是1，然后步长是2，就可以打印奇数的内容了，反向考虑就可以打印偶数了。
[root@~ test]# seq 10 | sed -n '2~2p'
2
4
6
8
105、打印匹配行及后一行的内容
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# cat servers | sed -n '/blp5/,+1p'
blp5 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
blp5 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
或
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# sed -n '/blp5/,+2p' servers
blp5 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
blp5 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw
6、打印最后一行的内容
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# cat servers | sed -n '$p'
iqobject 48619/udp # iqobject
或
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# sed -n '$p' servers
iqobject 48619/udp # iqobject7、不打印最后一行的内容
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# cat servers | sed -n '$!p'
nimgtw 48003/udp # Nimbus Gateway
3gpp-cbsp 48049/tcp # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
isnetserv 48128/tcp # Image Systems Network Services
isnetserv 48128/udp # Image Systems Network Services
blp5 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
blp5 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/tcp # iqobject
或
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# sed -n '$!p' servers
nimgtw 48003/udp # Nimbus Gateway
3gpp-cbsp 48049/tcp # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
isnetserv 48128/tcp # Image Systems Network Services
isnetserv 48128/udp # Image Systems Network Services
blp5 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
blp5 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/tcp # iqobject8、匹配范围
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# cat servers | sed -n '/^blp5/,/^com/p'
blp5 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
blp5 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw
或
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# sed -n '/^blp5/,/^com/p' servers
blp5 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
blp5 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw注：这里的现象会有一个问题，就是这里匹配是第一次匹配的内容，不是匹配所有符合的内容的。
匹配指定行到最后一行的内容
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# cat servers | sed -n '/blp5/,$p'
blp5 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
blp5 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/tcp # iqobject
iqobject 48619/udp # iqobject
或
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# sed -n '/blp5/,$p' servers
blp5 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
blp5 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/tcp # iqobject
iqobject 48619/udp # iqobject9、引用系统变量，用引号来匹配查找的内容
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# a=1
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# cat servers | sed -n "$a,3p"
nimgtw 48003/udp # Nimbus Gateway
3gpp-cbsp 48049/tcp # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
isnetserv 48128/tcp # Image Systems Network Services
或
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# a=1
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# sed -n "$a,3p" servers
nimgtw 48003/udp # Nimbus Gateway
3gpp-cbsp 48049/tcp # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
isnetserv 48128/tcp # Image Systems Network Services 注：
sed 命令用单引号时，里面变量需要用单引号引起来，或者 sed 命令用双引号，因为双引号解释特殊符号原有意义。
5.2、sed匹配删除
1、删除匹配行的内容
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# cat server_back | sed '/blp5/d'
nimgtw 48003/udp # Nimbus Gateway
3gpp-cbsp 48049/tcp # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
isnetserv 48128/tcp # Image Systems Network Services
isnetserv 48128/udp # Image Systems Network Services
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/tcp # iqobject
iqobject 48619/udp # iqobject
或
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# sed '/blp5/d' servers
nimgtw 48003/udp # Nimbus Gateway
3gpp-cbsp 48049/tcp # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
isnetserv 48128/tcp # Image Systems Network Services
isnetserv 48128/udp # Image Systems Network Services
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/tcp # iqobject
iqobject 48619/udp # iqobject 2、删除第一行的内容
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# cat servers |sed '1d'
3gpp-cbsp 48049/tcp # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
isnetserv 48128/tcp # Image Systems Network Services
isnetserv 48128/udp # Image Systems Network Services
blp5 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
blp5 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/tcp # iqobject
iqobject 48619/udp # iqobject
或
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# sed '1d' servers
3gpp-cbsp 48049/tcp # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
isnetserv 48128/tcp # Image Systems Network Services
isnetserv 48128/udp # Image Systems Network Services
blp5 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
blp5 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/tcp # iqobject
iqobject 48619/udp # iqobject 3、删除奇数行的内容
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# cat servers|sed '1~2d'
3gpp-cbsp 48049/tcp # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
isnetserv 48128/udp # Image Systems Network Services
blp5 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/udp # iqobject
或
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# sed '1~2d' servers
3gpp-cbsp 48049/tcp # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
isnetserv 48128/udp # Image Systems Network Services
blp5 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/udp # iqobject 如果是需要删除偶数行的内容的话，就是将条件修改一下将‘1~2d’修改为‘2~2d’就可以了。
4、删除指定行到指定行的内容
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# cat servers | sed '1,3d'
isnetserv 48128/udp # Image Systems Network Services
blp5 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
blp5 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/tcp # iqobject
iqobject 48619/udp # iqobject
或
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# sed '1,3d' servers
isnetserv 48128/udp # Image Systems Network Services
blp5 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
blp5 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/tcp # iqobject
iqobject 48619/udp # iqobject 5、去除空格 http.conf 文件空行或开头#号的行
# sed '/^#/d;/^$/d' /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 注：打印是把匹配的打印出来，删除是把匹配的删除，删除只是不用-n 选项。这里的删除操作是去掉匹配的内容，只显示需要的内容其实和打印的原理是相反的。
5.3、sed 替换
1、替换 blp5 字符串为 test
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# cat servers| sed 's/blp5/test/'
nimgtw 48003/udp # Nimbus Gateway
3gpp-cbsp 48049/tcp # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
isnetserv 48128/tcp # Image Systems Network Services
isnetserv 48128/udp # Image Systems Network Services
test 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
test 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/tcp # iqobject
iqobject 48619/udp # iqobject
或
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# sed 's/blp5/test/' servers
nimgtw 48003/udp # Nimbus Gateway
3gpp-cbsp 48049/tcp # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
isnetserv 48128/tcp # Image Systems Network Services
isnetserv 48128/udp # Image Systems Network Services
test 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
test 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/tcp # iqobject
iqobject 48619/udp # iqobject sed不加i选项的情况下是不会对原文件进行替换的操作的，如果需要对原文件进行操作，只要加入i选项即可。
样例：
[root@~ test]# cat /etc/selinux/config # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system. # SELINUX= can take one of these three values: # enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced. # permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing. # disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded. SELINUX=disabled # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three values: # targeted - Targeted processes are protected, # minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected. # mls - Multi Level Security protection. SELINUXTYPE=targeted [root@~ test]# sed -i 's/SELINUX=disabled/SELINUX=permissive/' /etc/selinux/config [root@~ test]# cat /etc/selinux/config # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system. # SELINUX= can take one of these three values: # enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced. # permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing. # disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded. SELINUX=permissive # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three values: # targeted - Targeted processes are protected, # minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected. # mls - Multi Level Security protection. SELINUXTYPE=targeted注：全局替换加 g：
# cat /opt/services |sed 's/blp5/test/g'
2、替换开头是 blp5 的字符串并打印匹配的内容
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# cat servers| sed -n 's/^blp5/test/p'
test 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
test 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
或
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# sed -n 's/^blp5/test/p' servers
test 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
test 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator3、使用&命令引用匹配内容并替换
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# cat servers| sed 's/48049/&.0/'
nimgtw 48003/udp # Nimbus Gateway
3gpp-cbsp 48049.0/tcp # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
isnetserv 48128/tcp # Image Systems Network Services
isnetserv 48128/udp # Image Systems Network Services
blp5 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
blp5 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/tcp # iqobject
iqobject 48619/udp # iqobject
或
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# sed 's/48049/&.0/' servers
nimgtw 48003/udp # Nimbus Gateway
3gpp-cbsp 48049.0/tcp # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
isnetserv 48128/tcp # Image Systems Network Services
isnetserv 48128/udp # Image Systems Network Services
blp5 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
blp5 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/tcp # iqobject
iqobject 48619/udp # iqobject也可以打印出替换的内容
sed -n 's/48049/&.0/p' servers
注：sed也能进行数据加工操作
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# echo '10.10.10.1 10.10.10.2 10.10.10.3' |sed -r 's/[^ ]+/"&"/g'
"10.10.10.1" "10.10.10.2" "10.10.10.3"4、对 1-5行的 blp5 进行替换
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# cat servers| sed '1,5s/blp5/test/'
nimgtw 48003/udp # Nimbus Gateway
3gpp-cbsp 48049/tcp # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
isnetserv 48128/tcp # Image Systems Network Services
isnetserv 48128/udp # Image Systems Network Services
test 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
blp5 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/tcp # iqobject
iqobject 48619/udp # iqobject
或
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# sed '1,5s/blp5/test/' servers
nimgtw 48003/udp # Nimbus Gateway
3gpp-cbsp 48049/tcp # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
isnetserv 48128/tcp # Image Systems Network Services
isnetserv 48128/udp # Image Systems Network Services
test 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
blp5 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/tcp # iqobject
iqobject 48619/udp # iqobject 这里的场景是1-5行的内容中匹配blp5的内容进行替换处理。
5、对匹配行进行替换
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# cat servers| sed '/48129\/tcp/s/blp5/test/'
nimgtw 48003/udp # Nimbus Gateway
3gpp-cbsp 48049/tcp # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
isnetserv 48128/tcp # Image Systems Network Services
isnetserv 48128/udp # Image Systems Network Services
test 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
blp5 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/tcp # iqobject
iqobject 48619/udp # iqobject
或
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# sed '/48129\/tcp/s/blp5/test/' servers
nimgtw 48003/udp # Nimbus Gateway
3gpp-cbsp 48049/tcp # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
isnetserv 48128/tcp # Image Systems Network Services
isnetserv 48128/udp # Image Systems Network Services
test 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
blp5 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/tcp # iqobject
iqobject 48619/udp # iqobject 注:这里是首先匹配符合的内容，然后再进行替换的操作
6、二次匹配替换
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# cat servers| sed 's/blp5/test/;s/3g/4g/'
nimgtw 48003/udp # Nimbus Gateway
4gpp-cbsp 48049/tcp # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
isnetserv 48128/tcp # Image Systems Network Services
isnetserv 48128/udp # Image Systems Network Services
test 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
test 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/tcp # iqobject
iqobject 48619/udp # iqobject
或
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# sed 's/blp5/test/;s/3g/4g/' servers
nimgtw 48003/udp # Nimbus Gateway
4gpp-cbsp 48049/tcp # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
isnetserv 48128/tcp # Image Systems Network Services
isnetserv 48128/udp # Image Systems Network Services
test 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
test 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/tcp # iqobject
iqobject 48619/udp # iqobject 注：可以纸打印出操作的内容
[root@~ test]# sed -n 's/blp5/test/p;s/3g/4g/p' servers 4gpp-cbsp 48049/tcp # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol test 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator test 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
7、分组使用，在每个字符串后面添加指定内容
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# cat servers | sed -r 's/(.*) (.*)(#.*)/\1\2test \3/'
nimgtw 48003/udp test # Nimbus Gateway
3gpp-cbsp 48049/tcp test # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
isnetserv 48128/tcp test # Image Systems Network Services
isnetserv 48128/udp test # Image Systems Network Services
blp5 48129/tcp test # Bloomberg locator
blp5 48129/udp test # Bloomberg locator
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp test # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp test # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/tcp test # iqobject
iqobject 48619/udp test # iqobject
或
[root@~ test]# sed -nr 's/(.*) (.*)(#.*)/\1 test\2\3/p' servers
nimgtw 48003/udp test# Nimbus Gateway
3gpp-cbsp 48049/tcp test# 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
isnetserv 48128/tcp test# Image Systems Network Services
isnetserv 48128/udp test# Image Systems Network Services
blp5 48129/tcp test# Bloomberg locator
blp5 48129/udp test# Bloomberg locator
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp test# com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp test# com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/tcp test# iqobject
iqobject 48619/udp test# iqobject
第一列是第一个小括号匹配，第二列第二个小括号匹配，第三列一样。将不变的字符串匹配分组， 再通过\数字按分组顺序反向引用
8、将协议与端口号位置调换
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# cat servers | sed -r 's/(.*)(\<[0-9]+\>)\/(tcp|udp)(.*)/\1\3\/\2\4/'
nimgtw udp/48003 # Nimbus Gateway
3gpp-cbsp tcp/48049 # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
isnetserv tcp/48128 # Image Systems Network Services
isnetserv udp/48128 # Image Systems Network Services
blp5 tcp/48129 # Bloomberg locator
blp5 udp/48129 # Bloomberg locator
com-bardac-dw tcp/48556 # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw udp/48556 # com-bardac-dw
iqobject tcp/48619 # iqobject
iqobject udp/48619 # iqobject
或
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# sed -r 's/(.*)(\<[0-9]+\>)\/(tcp|udp)(.*)/\1\3\/\2\4/' servers
nimgtw udp/48003 # Nimbus Gateway
3gpp-cbsp tcp/48049 # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
isnetserv tcp/48128 # Image Systems Network Services
isnetserv udp/48128 # Image Systems Network Services
blp5 tcp/48129 # Bloomberg locator
blp5 udp/48129 # Bloomberg locator
com-bardac-dw tcp/48556 # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw udp/48556 # com-bardac-dw
iqobject tcp/48619 # iqobject
iqobject udp/48619 # iqobject 9、位置调换
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# echo "abc cde xyz" |sed -r 's/(.*)x/\1X/'
abc cde Xyz
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# echo "abc:cde;123:456" |sed -r 's/([^:]+)(;.*:)([^:]+$)/\3\2\1/'
abc:456;123:cde10、注释匹配行后的多少行
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# seq 10 |sed '/5/,+3s/^/#/'
1
2
3
4
#5
#6
#7
#8
9
1011、注释指定多行
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# seq 5 |sed -r 's/^3|^4/&#/'
1
2
3#
4#
5
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# seq 5 |sed -r '/^3|^4/s/^/#/'
1
2
#3
#4
5
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# seq 5 |sed -r 's/^3|^4/#\0/'
1
2
#3
#4
512、去除开头和结尾空格或制表符
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# echo " 1 2 3 " |sed 's/^[ \t]*//;s/[ \t]*$//'
1 2 35.4、多重编辑
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# cat servers | sed -e '1,2d' -e 's/blp5/test/'
isnetserv 48128/tcp # Image Systems Network Services
isnetserv 48128/udp # Image Systems Network Services
test 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
test 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/tcp # iqobject
iqobject 48619/udp # iqobject
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# cat servers |sed '1,2d;s/blp5/test/'
isnetserv 48128/tcp # Image Systems Network Services
isnetserv 48128/udp # Image Systems Network Services
test 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
test 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/tcp # iqobject
iqobject 48619/udp # iqobject
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# sed '1,2d;s/blp5/test/' servers
isnetserv 48128/tcp # Image Systems Network Services
isnetserv 48128/udp # Image Systems Network Services
test 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
test 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/tcp # iqobject
iqobject 48619/udp # iqobject 多重编辑，理解就是多个表达式再执行，-e默认是不显示的
5.5、添加新内容
1、在 blp5 上一行添加 test
i \text ------------------------当前行上面插入文本
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# cat servers| sed '/blp5/i \test'
nimgtw 48003/udp # Nimbus Gateway
3gpp-cbsp 48049/tcp # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
isnetserv 48128/tcp # Image Systems Network Services
isnetserv 48128/udp # Image Systems Network Services
test
blp5 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
test
blp5 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/tcp # iqobject
iqobject 48619/udp # iqobject
或
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# sed '/blp5/i \test' servers
nimgtw 48003/udp # Nimbus Gateway
3gpp-cbsp 48049/tcp # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
isnetserv 48128/tcp # Image Systems Network Services
isnetserv 48128/udp # Image Systems Network Services
test
blp5 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
test
blp5 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/tcp # iqobject
iqobject 48619/udp # iqobject 2、在 blp5 下一行添加 test
a \text ---------------------------------------当前行下追加文本
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# cat servers| sed '/blp5/a \test'
nimgtw 48003/udp # Nimbus Gateway
3gpp-cbsp 48049/tcp # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
isnetserv 48128/tcp # Image Systems Network Services
isnetserv 48128/udp # Image Systems Network Services
blp5 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
test
blp5 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
test
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/tcp # iqobject
iqobject 48619/udp # iqobject
或
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# sed '/blp5/a \test' servers
nimgtw 48003/udp # Nimbus Gateway
3gpp-cbsp 48049/tcp # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
isnetserv 48128/tcp # Image Systems Network Services
isnetserv 48128/udp # Image Systems Network Services
blp5 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
test
blp5 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
test
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/tcp # iqobject
iqobject 48619/udp # iqobject3、将 blp5 替换新行
c \text ---------------------------------所选行替换新文本
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# cat servers| sed '/blp5/c \test'
nimgtw 48003/udp # Nimbus Gateway
3gpp-cbsp 48049/tcp # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
isnetserv 48128/tcp # Image Systems Network Services
isnetserv 48128/udp # Image Systems Network Services
test
test
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/tcp # iqobject
iqobject 48619/udp # iqobject
或
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# sed '/blp5/c \test' servers
nimgtw 48003/udp # Nimbus Gateway
3gpp-cbsp 48049/tcp # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
isnetserv 48128/tcp # Image Systems Network Services
isnetserv 48128/udp # Image Systems Network Services
test
test
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/tcp # iqobject
iqobject 48619/udp # iqobject 4、在指定行下一行添加一行
a \text ---------------------------------------当前行下追加文本
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# cat servers| sed '2a \test'
nimgtw 48003/udp # Nimbus Gateway
3gpp-cbsp 48049/tcp # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
test
isnetserv 48128/tcp # Image Systems Network Services
isnetserv 48128/udp # Image Systems Network Services
blp5 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
blp5 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/tcp # iqobject
iqobject 48619/udp # iqobject
或
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# sed '2a \test' servers
nimgtw 48003/udp # Nimbus Gateway
3gpp-cbsp 48049/tcp # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
test
isnetserv 48128/tcp # Image Systems Network Services
isnetserv 48128/udp # Image Systems Network Services
blp5 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
blp5 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/tcp # iqobject
iqobject 48619/udp # iqobject 5、在指定行前面和后面添加一行
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# seq 5 |sed '3s/.*/txt\n&/'
1
2
txt
3
4
5
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# seq 5 |sed '3s/.*/&\ntxt/'
1
2
3
txt
4
5这里场景构思是：再第三行进行替换的操作，任何值的匹配，然后再匹配的前面插入一行内容，这里的\n表示换行的作用，&表示匹配的内容。
5.6、读取文件并追加到匹配行后
r --------------------------------------------追加文本来自文件
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# cat a
123
456
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# cat servers| sed '/blp5/r a'
nimgtw 48003/udp # Nimbus Gateway
3gpp-cbsp 48049/tcp # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
isnetserv 48128/tcp # Image Systems Network Services
isnetserv 48128/udp # Image Systems Network Services
blp5 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
123
456
blp5 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
123
456
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/tcp # iqobject
iqobject 48619/udp # iqobject
或
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# sed '/blp5/r a' servers
nimgtw 48003/udp # Nimbus Gateway
3gpp-cbsp 48049/tcp # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
isnetserv 48128/tcp # Image Systems Network Services
isnetserv 48128/udp # Image Systems Network Services
blp5 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
123
456
blp5 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
123
456
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/tcp # iqobject
iqobject 48619/udp # iqobject 5.7、将匹配行写到文件
w filename -----------------------写入当前模式空间到文件
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# cat servers|sed '/blp5/w b.txt'
nimgtw 48003/udp # Nimbus Gateway
3gpp-cbsp 48049/tcp # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
isnetserv 48128/tcp # Image Systems Network Services
isnetserv 48128/udp # Image Systems Network Services
blp5 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
blp5 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/tcp # iqobject
iqobject 48619/udp # iqobject
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# cat b.txt
blp5 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
blp5 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
或
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# sed '/blp5/w b.txt' servers
nimgtw 48003/udp # Nimbus Gateway
3gpp-cbsp 48049/tcp # 3GPP Cell Broadcast Service Protocol
isnetserv 48128/tcp # Image Systems Network Services
isnetserv 48128/udp # Image Systems Network Services
blp5 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
blp5 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator
com-bardac-dw 48556/tcp # com-bardac-dw
com-bardac-dw 48556/udp # com-bardac-dw
iqobject 48619/tcp # iqobject
iqobject 48619/udp # iqobject
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# cat b.txt
blp5 48129/tcp # Bloomberg locator
blp5 48129/udp # Bloomberg locator 5.8、 读取下一行
n 读取下一行到模式空间。
N 追加下一行内容到模式空间，并以换行符\n 分隔。
1、打印匹配的下一行
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# seq 5 |sed -n '/3/{n;p}'
4这里需要区分一下-n和n的作用，-n是不打印模式空间，n表示读取下一行到模式空间
2、打印偶数
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# seq 6 |sed -n 'n;p'
2
4
6
或
[root@VM-8-10-centos opt]# seq 6 | sed -n '2~2p'
2
4
6sed 先读取第一行 1，执行 n 命令，获取下一行 2，此时模式空间是 2，执行 p 命令，打印模式空 间。 现在模式空间是 2，sed 再读取 3，执行 n 命令，获取下一行 4，此时模式空间为 4，执行 p 命 令，以此类推。功能和从2起步，步长是2的作用是一样的
3、打印奇数
[root@VM-8-10-centos ~]# seq 6 |sed 'n;d'
1
3
5
或
[root@VM-8-10-centos ~]# seq 6 |sed -n'1~2p'
1
3
5
或
[root@VM-8-10-centos ~]# seq 6 |sed -n 'p;n'
1
3
5sed 先读取第一行 1，此时模式空间是 1，并打印模式空间 1，执行 n 命令，获取下一行 2，执行 d（删除） 命令，删除模式空间的 2，sed 再读取 3，此时模式空间是 3，并打印模式空间，再执行 n 命令，获 取下一行 4，执行 d 命令，删除模式空间的 3，以此类推。
4、每三行执行一次 p 命令
[root@VM-8-10-centos ~]# seq 6 |sed 'n;n;p'
1
2
3
3
4
5
6
6sed 先读取第一行 1，并打印模式空间 1，执行 n 命令，获取下一行 2，并打印模式空间 2，再执行 n 命令，获取下一行 3，执行 p 命令，打印模式空间 3。sed 读取下一行 3，并打印模式空间 3,以此类 推
5、每三行替换一次
#方案1：
[root@VM-8-10-centos ~]# seq 6 |sed 'n;n;s/^/=/;s/$/=/'
1
2
=3=
4
5
=6=
#方案2：
[root@VM-8-10-centos ~]# seq 6 |sed '3~3{s/^/=/;s/$/=/}'
1
2
=3=
4
5
=6=注：当执行多个 sed 命令时，有时相互会产生影响，我们可以用大括号{}把他们括起来。
3~3的含义：从3行开始，步长也是3的。
6、N 命令的功能
N ------------------------------追加下一行输入到模式空间
案例一：
[root@VM-8-10-centos ~]# seq 6 |sed 'N;q'
1
2
[root@VM-8-10-centos ~]# seq 6 |sed 'N;s/\n//'
12
34
56
或者
[root@VM-8-10-centos ~]# seq 6 | sed -n 'N;s/\n//p'
12
34
56第一个命令：
sed 读取第一行 1，N 命令读取下一行 2，并以\n2 追加，此时模式空间是 1\n2，再执 行 q 退出。 为了进一步说明 N 的功能，看第二个命令：执行 N 命令后，此时模式空间是 1\n2，再执行把\n 替换 为空，此时模式空间是 12，并打印。
案例二：
[root@VM-8-10-centos ~]# seq 5 |sed -n 'N;p'
1
2
3
4
[root@VM-8-10-centos ~]# seq 6 |sed -n 'N;p'
1
2
3
4
5
6为什么第一个不打印 5 呢？ 因为 N 命令是读取下一行追加到 sed 读取的当前行，当 N 读取下一行没有内容时，则退出，也不会 执行 p 命令打印当前行。 当行数为偶数时，N 始终就能读到下一行，所以也会执行 p 命令。
7、打印奇数行数时的最后一行
[root@VM-8-10-centos ~]# seq 5 |sed -n '$!N;p'
1
2
3
4
5加一个满足条件，当 sed 执行到最后一行时，用感叹号不去执行 N 命令，随后执行 p 命令
5.9、打印和删除模式空间第一行
P 打印模式空间的第一行。
D 删除模式空间的第一行
1、打印奇数
[root@VM-8-10-centos ~]# seq 6 |sed -n 'N;P'
1
3
5 2、保留最后一行
[root@VM-8-10-centos ~]# seq 6 |sed 'N;D'
6读取第一行 1，执行 N 命令读取下一行并追加到模式空间，此时模式空间是 1\n2，执行 D 命令删除 模式空间第一行 1，剩余 2。 读取第二行，执行 N 命令，此时模式空间是 3\n4，执行 D 命令删除模式空间第一行 3，剩余 4。 以此类推，读取最后一行打印时，而 N 获取不到下一行则退出，不再执行 D，因此模式空间只剩余 6 就打印
5.10、保持空间操作
h： 复制模式空间内容到保持空间（覆盖）
H： 复制模式空间内容追加到保持空间
g ：复制保持空间内容到模式空间（覆盖）
G ：复制保持空间内容追加到模式空间
x ：模式空间与保持空间内容互换
1、将匹配的内容覆盖到另一个匹配
h -----------------------------复制模式空间内容到保持空间（覆盖）
g -----------------------------复制保持空间内容到模式空间（覆盖）
[root@VM-8-10-centos ~]# seq 6 |sed -e '/3/{h;d}' -e '/5/g'
1
2
4
3
6
或
[root@VM-8-10-centos ~]# seq 6 | sed '/3/{h;d};/5/g'
1
2
4
3
6注：h 命令把匹配的 3 复制到保持空间，d 命令删除模式空间的 3。后面命令再对模式空间匹配 5，并用 g 命令把保持空间 3 覆盖模式空间 5
2、将匹配的内容放到最后
h -------------------------------复制模式空间内容到保持空间（覆盖）
G -------------------------------复制保持空间内容追加到模式空间
[root@VM-8-10-centos ~]# seq 6 |sed -e '/3/{h;d}' -e '$G'
1
2
4
5
6
3
或
[root@VM-8-10-centos ~]# seq 6 |sed '/3/{h;d};$G'
1
2
4
5
6
33、交换模式空间和保持空间
h -------------------------------复制模式空间内容到保持空间（覆盖）
G -------------------------------复制保持空间内容追加到模式空间
x -------------------------------模式空间与保持空间内容互换
[root@VM-8-10-centos ~]# seq 6 |sed -e '/3/{h;d}' -e '/5/x' -e '$G'
1
2
4
3
6
5
或
[root@VM-8-10-centos ~]# seq 6 |sed '/3/{h;d};/5/x;$G'
1
2
4
3
6
5看后面命令，在模式空间匹配 5 并将保持空间的 3 与 5 交换，5 就变成了 3,。最后把保持空间的 5 追加到模式空间的。
4、倒叙输出
h -------------------------------复制模式空间内容到保持空间（覆盖）
G -------------------------------复制保持空间内容追加到模式空间
[root@VM-8-10-centos ~]# seq 5 |sed '1!G;h;$!d'
5
4
3
2
1分析下：
1!G 是将第一行不执行把保持空间内容追加到模式空间，因为现在保持空间还没有数据。
h 是将模式空间放到保持空间暂存。
$!d 是最后一行不执行删除模式空间的内容。
过程如下：
1、读取第一行 1 时，跳过 G 命令，执行 h 命令将模式空间 1 复制到保持空间，执行 d 命令删除模式空 间的 1。
2、读取第二行 2 时，模式空间是 2，执行 G 命令，将保持空间 1 追加到模式空间，此时模式空间是 2\n1，执行 h 命令将 2\n1 覆盖到保持空间，d 删除模式空间。
3、读取第三行 3 时，模式空间是 3，执行 G 命令，将保持空间 2\n1 追加到模式空间，此时模式空间是 3\n2\n1，执行 h 命令将模式空间内容复制到保持空间，d 删除模式空间。
4、读取第四行 4 时，模式空间是 4，执行 G 命令，将保持空间 3\n2\n1 追加到模式空间，此时模式空间是 4\n3\n2\n1，执行 h 命令将模式空间内容复制到保持空间，d 删除模式空间。
5、读到第 5 行时，模式空间是 5，执行 G 命令，将保持空间的 4\n3\n2\n1 追加模式空间， 此时的模式空间是5\n4\n3\n2\n1，不执行 d，模式空间保留，输出就是5\n4\n3\n2\n1。
总结，每次读取的行的内容先放到模式空间，再复制到保持空间，然后再d 命令删除模式空间内容，防止输 出，再追加到模式空间，因为追加到模式空间，会追加到新读取的一行的后面，循环这样操作， 就把所有行一行行追加到新读取行的后面，就形成了倒叙。
5、每行后面添加新空行
G -------------------------------复制保持空间内容追加到模式空间
[root@VM-8-10-centos ~]# seq 10 |sed G
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
6、打印匹配行的上一行内容
h： 复制模式空间内容到保持空间（覆盖）
x ：模式空间与保持空间内容互换
[root@VM-8-10-centos ~]# seq 5 |sed -n '/3/{x;p};h'
2读取第一行 1，没有匹配到 3，不执行{x;p}，执行 h 命令将模式空间内容 1 覆盖到保持空间。
读取第二行 2，没有匹配到 3，不执行{x;p}，执行 h 命令将模式空间内容 2 覆盖到保持空间。
读取第三行 3，匹配到 3，执行 x 命令把模式空间 3 与保持空间 2 交换，再执行 p 打印模式空间 2.
7、打印匹配行到最后一行或下一行到最后一行
h： 复制模式空间内容到保持空间（覆盖）
x ：模式空间与保持空间内容互换
N ：追加下一行输入到模式空间
[root@VM-8-10-centos ~]# seq 5 |sed -n '/3/,$p'
3
4
5
[root@VM-8-10-centos ~]# seq 5 |sed -n '/3/,${h;x;p}'
3
4
5
[root@VM-8-10-centos ~]# seq 5 |sed -n '/3/{:a;N;$!ba;p}'
3
4
5
[root@VM-8-10-centos ~]# seq 5 |sed -n '/3/{n;:a;N;$!ba;p}'
4
5
# 匹配到 3 时，n 读取下一行 4，此时模式空间是 4，
# 执行 N 命令读取下一行并追加到模式空间，此时 模式空间是 4\n5，
# 标签循环完成后打印模式空间 4\n5。5.11、标签
标签可以控制流，实现分支判断。
: lable name 定义标签b lable 跳转到指定标签，如果没有标签则到脚本末尾
t lable 跳转到指定标签，前提是 s///命令执行成功
1、将换行符替换成逗号
方法一：
[root@VM-8-10-centos ~]# seq 6 |sed 'N;s/\n/,/'
1,2
3,4
5,6
# 这种方式并不能满足我们的需求，每次 sed 读取到模式空间再打印是新行，替换\n 也只能对 N 命令 追加后的 1\n2 这样替换。
这时就可以用到标签了
[root@VM-8-10-centos ~]# seq 6 |sed ':a;N;s/\n/,/;b a'
1,2,3,4,5,6看看这里的标签使用，
:a 是定义的标签名，b a 是跳转到 a 位置。
sed 读取第一行 1，N 命令读取下一行 2，此时模式空间是 1\n2，执行替换，此时模式空间是 1,2，执行 b 命令再跳转到标签 a 位置继续执行 N 命令，
读取下一行 3 追加到模式空间，此时模式 空间是 1,2\n3，执行替换，此时模式空间是 1,2,3，执行 b 命令再跳转到标签 a 位置继续执行 N 命令，
读取下一行 4追加到模式空间，此时模式 空间是 1,2,3\n4，执行替换，此时模式空间是 1,2,3,4，执行 b 命令再跳转到标签 a 位置继续执行 N 命令，
读取下一行 5追加到模式空间，此时模式 空间是 1,2,3,4\n5，执行替换，此时模式空间是 1,2,3,4,5，执行 b 命令再跳转到标签 a 位置继续执行 N 命令，
读取下一行 6 追加到模式空间，此时模式 空间是 1,2,3,4,5\n6，执行替换，此时模式空间是 1,2,3,4,5,6，执行 b 命令再跳转到标签 a 位置继续执行 N 命令，
没有读取到下一行内容，显示模式空间的内容就是1,2,3,4,5,6
方法二：
[root@VM-8-10-centos ~]# seq 6 |sed ':a;N;$!b a;s/\n/,/g'
1,2,3,4,5,6先将每行读入到模式空间，最后再执行全局替换。$!是如果是最后一行，则不执行 b a 跳转，最后 执行全局替换。
[root@VM-8-10-centos ~]# seq 6 |sed ':a;N;b a;s/\n/,/g'
1
2
3
4
5
6可以看到，不加$!是没有替换，因为循环到 N 命令没有读到行就退出了，后面的替换也就没执行
2、每三个数字加个一个逗号
#方法一：
[root@VM-8-10-centos ~]# echo "123456789" |sed -r 's/([0-9]+)([0-9]+{3})/\1,\2/'
123456,789
#方法二：
[root@VM-8-10-centos ~]# echo "123456789" |sed -r ':a;s/([0-9]+)([0-9]+{3})/\1,\2/;t a'
123,456,789
#方案三：
[root@VM-8-10-centos ~]# echo "123456789" |sed -r ':a;s/([0-9]+)([0-9]+{2})/\1,\2/;t a'
1,23,45,67,89执行第一次时，替换最后一个，跳转后，再对 123456 匹配替换，直到匹配替换不成功，不执行 t 命 令。
5.12、忽略大小写匹配
I ---------------------------------------------------忽略大小写
[root@VM-8-10-centos ~]# echo -e "a\nA\nb\nc" |sed 's/a/1/Ig'
1
1
b
c5.13、获取总行数
= -------------------------------------------------打印当前行号
[root@VM-8-10-centos ~]# seq 10 |sed -n '$='
10总结：
如上就是sed命令功能解说，希望可以帮助到大家，动动小手点赞加关注！！！
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