int修改为long的悲剧

一.背景

     应用app依赖consumer.jar,provider.jar,而consumer.jar依赖provider.jar，并且consumer.jar中的Client.java通过接口User.java调用provider.jar的提供的用户信息查询服务（可以是远程服务或本地服务），如果接口的参数由int变为long，而consumer.jar代码没有重新编译，将会出现java.lang.NoSuchMethodError,如果应用程序只做Exception的捕捉，意味整个请求可能就crash了。

二.问题还原

      需求：Client调用User接口，查询用户信息，并打印到控制台

      服务消费者：consumer.jar用Client.java模拟，Client.java依赖User.java

      服务提供者：provider .jar用User.java和UserImpl.java模拟

1.消费者Client.java

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        User user = new UserImpl();
        user.find(Integer.valueof("123"));
    }
}

2.提供者接口User.java

public interface User {
    void find(long userId);
}

3.提供者实现UserImpl.java

public class UserImpl implements User {
    @Override
    public void find(long userId) {
        System.out.println("mr.jiang");
    }
}

如果接口User将参数类型int变成long，并重新编译打包，提供给应用app使用，而consumer.jar没有重新进行编译，会出现java.lang.NoSuchMethodError:错误，具体分析如下

1.未变更前find(int userId)

编译：javac Client.java ,javac UserImpl.java javac User.java

Client字节码：javap -p -v Client

public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
  Code:
   Stack=2, Locals=2, Args_size=1
   0:	new	#2; //class UserImpl
   3:	dup
   4:	invokespecial	#3; //Method UserImpl."<init>":()V
   7:	astore_1
   8:	aload_1
   9:	bipush	123
   11:	invokeinterface	#4,  2; //InterfaceMethod User.find:(I)V  这里为I，也就是int（映射关系见最后的截图）
   16:	return
  LineNumberTable: 
   line 4: 0
   line 5: 8
   line 6: 16

User字节码：javap -p -v User

public interface User
  SourceFile: "User.java"
  minor version: 0
  major version: 50
  Constant pool:
const #1 = class	#7;	//  User
const #2 = class	#8;	//  java/lang/Object
const #3 = Asciz	find;
const #4 = Asciz	(I)V;
const #5 = Asciz	SourceFile;
const #6 = Asciz	User.java;
const #7 = Asciz	User;
const #8 = Asciz	java/lang/Object;

{
public abstract void find(int);

}

2.find(int userId)改成find(long userId)

find(int userId)改成find(long userId)，然后javac User.java ,javac UserImpl.java,不编译Client.java

Client字节码：javap -p -v Client 

public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
  Code:
   Stack=2, Locals=2, Args_size=1
   0:	new	#2; //class UserImpl
   3:	dup
   4:	invokespecial	#3; //Method UserImpl."<init>":()V
   7:	astore_1
   8:	aload_1
   9:	bipush	123
   11:	invokeinterface	#4,  2; //InterfaceMethod User.find:(I)V   这里还是I，此时如果运行，则出问题
   16:	return
  LineNumberTable: 
   line 4: 0
   line 5: 8
   line 6: 16

User字节码：javap -p -v User

Compiled from "User.java"
public interface User
  SourceFile: "User.java"
  minor version: 0
  major version: 50
  Constant pool:
const #1 = class	#7;	//  User
const #2 = class	#8;	//  java/lang/Object
const #3 = Asciz	find;
const #4 = Asciz	(J)V;
const #5 = Asciz	SourceFile;
const #6 = Asciz	User.java;
const #7 = Asciz	User;
const #8 = Asciz	java/lang/Object;

{
public abstract void find(long);

}

运行 java Client 出现error

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: User.find(I)V
	at Client.main(Client.java:5)

3.重新编译Client.java 

编译：javac Client

Client字节码：javap -p -c Client

public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
  Code:
   Stack=3, Locals=2, Args_size=1
   0:	new	#2; //class UserImpl
   3:	dup
   4:	invokespecial	#3; //Method UserImpl."<init>":()V
   7:	astore_1
   8:	aload_1
   9:	ldc2_w	#4; //long 123l
   12:	invokeinterface	#6,  3; //InterfaceMethod User.find:(J)V ==>虽然代码中是123,但是这里“隐式”转成了J，就是long，运行正常
   17:	return
  LineNumberTable: 
   line 4: 0
   line 5: 8
   line 6: 17

运行

java Client
控制台输出结果：mr.jiang

三.建议

虽说int，long能够进行装箱和拆箱，但是通过jar包依赖场景下， 被依赖方的修改，必须通知 依赖方进行编译，打包，发布，否则出现问题是error级别的。

附图：