python系列教程170——help函数

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Python配备了一个help函数,使文档字符串更易于显示。help函数会将其格式化成各种类型的排列友好的形式。

>>>import sys

>>>help(sys.getrefcount)

Help on built-in function getrefcount in module sys:




getrefcount(...)

    getrefcount(object) -> integer

    Return the reference count of object.The count returned is generally

    one higher than you might expect,because it includes the (temporary)

    ...more omitted...

就较大对象而言,诸如,模块和类,help显示内容会分成几段。

>>>help(sys)

Help on built-in module sys:




NAME

    sys

FILE

    (built-in)

MODULE DOCS

    http://docs.python.org/library/sys

DESCRIPTION

    This module provides access to some objects used or maintained by the

    interpreter and to functions that interact strongly with the interpreter.

    ...more omitted...

FUNCTIONS

    __displayhook__ = displayhook(...)

        displayhook(object) -> None

        Print an object to sys.stdout and also save it in builtins.

        ...more omitted...

DATA

    __stderr__ = <io.TextIOWrapper object at 0x0236E950>

    __stdin__ = <io.TextIOWrapper object at 0x02366550>

    __stdout__ = <io.TextIOWrapper object at 0x02366E30>

    ...more omitted...

你也可以对内置函数、方法以及类型使用help。要取得内置类型的help信息,就使用其类型名称(例如,字典为dict,字符串为str,列表为list)。

>>>help(dict)

Help on class dict in module builtins:




class dict(object)

 | dict() -> new empty dictionary.

 | dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's

 ...more omitted...




>>>help(str.replace)

Help on method_descriptor:




replace(...)

    S.replace (old,new[,count]) -> str

    Return a copy of S with all occurrences of substring

    ...more omitted...

>>>help(ord)

Help on built-in function ord in module builtins:




ord(...)

   ord(c) -> integer

   Return the integer ordinal of a one-character string.

最后,help函数也能用在模块上,就像内置工具一样。

>>>import docstrings

>>>help(docstrings.square)

Help on function square in module docstrings:




square(x)

    function documentation

    can we have your liver then?




>>>help(docstrings.Employee)

Help on class Employee in module docstrings:

class Employee(builtins.object)

 | class documentation

 |

 | Data descriptors defined here:

 ...more omitted...




>>>help(docstrings)

Help on module docstrings:




NAME

    docstrings

FILE

    c:\misc\docstrings.py




DESCRIPTION

    Module documentation

    Words Go Here




CLASSES

    builtins.object

        Employee

    class Employee(builtins.object)

     | class documentation

     |

     | Data descriptors defined here:

     ...more omitted...

FUNCTIONS

    square(x)

        function documentation

           can we have your liver then?

    DATA

       spam = 40
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