一、作用域在函数里面定义变量用static修饰
#include <stdio.h>
void getNum();
main(){
getNum();
getNum();
}
void getNum(){
static num = 0;
num = num + 1;
printf("%d\n",num);
}
其输出为:
12pateo@pateo-B86N53X:~/work/study$ gcc test.c -o test
pateo@pateo-B86N53X:~/work/study$ ./test
1
2
比较下面这个
#include <stdio.h>
void getNum();
main(){
getNum();
getNum();
getNum2();
}
void getNum(){
static num = 0;
num = num + 1;
printf("%d\n",num);
}
void getNum2(){
num = num + 1;
printf("%d\n",num);
}
pateo@pateo-B86N53X:~/work/study$ gcc test.c -o test
test.c:21: warning: conflicting types for ‘getNum2’
test.c:8: warning: previous implicit declaration of ‘getNum2’ was here
test.c: In function ‘getNum2’:
test.c:24: error: ‘num’ undeclared (first use in this function)
test.c:24: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
test.c:24: error: for each function it appears in.)
再看看下面这个
二、作用域为全局定义变量用static修饰
#include <stdio.h>
static num = 0;
void getNum();
main(){
getNum();
getNum();
getNum2();
}
void getNum(){
num = num + 1;
printf("%d\n",num);
}
void getNum2(){
num = num + 1;
printf("%d\n",num);
}
pateo@pateo-B86N53X:~/work/study$ gcc test.c -o test
test.c:22: warning: conflicting types for ‘getNum2’
test.c:9: warning: previous implicit declaration of ‘getNum2’ was here
pateo@pateo-B86N53X:~/work/study$ ./test
1
2
3
三、有关static修饰的函数
test.c
#include <stdio.h>
int getNum(int num){
num = num + 1;
return num;
}
main.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include "test.h"
int main(){
getNum(1);
}
int getNum(int num){
num = num + 1;
printf("%d\n",num);
return num;
}
test.h
int getNum(int num);
以上编译会报错,如下:
pateo@pateo-B86N53X:~/work/study$ cc main.c test.c -o main
/tmp/ccSlvPI5.o: In function `getNum':
test.c:(.text+0x0): multiple definition of `getNum'
/tmp/cc6nT5zz.o:main.c:(.text+0x26): first defined here
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
pateo@pateo-B86N53X:~/work/study$
现在我们修改下test.c文件在那个函数前面增加一个static
#include <stdio.h>
static int getNum(int num){
num = num + 1;
return num;
}
这样就不会报错了
说明:static的作用域只在本文件中
同样,如果是变量在一个文件中定义了,在另外一个文件中也编译了,如果他们一起编译,则也会报错,除非在另一个文件中此变量私有化即在此变量前面加一个static