java 代码细节（split temporary variable）

这个观点来自《重构-----改善既有代码的设计》

You have a temporary variable assigned to more than once, but is not a loop variable nor a collecting temporary variable.

02

Make a separate temporary variable for each assignment.

03

double temp = 2 * (_height + _width);
System.out.println (temp);
temp = _height * _width;
System.out.println (temp);

04

final double perimeter = 2 * (_height + _width);
System.out.println (perimeter);
final double area = _height * _width;
System.out.println (area);

Motivation

05

Temporary variables are made for various uses. Some of these uses naturally lead to the temp’s being assigned to several times. Loop variables change for each run around a loop (such as the i in for (int i=0; i<10; i++). Collecting temporary variables collect together some value that is built up during the method.

06

Many other temporaries are used to hold the result of a long-winded bit of code for easy reference later. These kinds of variables should be set only once. That they are set more than once is a sign that they have more than one responsibility within the method. Any variable with more than one responsibility should be replaced with a temp for each responsibility. Using a temp for two different things is very confusing for the reader.

Mechanics

07

• Change the name of a temp at its declaration and its first assignment.

  If the later assignments are of the form i = i + some expression, that indicates that it is a collecting temporary variable, so don’t split it. The operator for a collecting temporary variable usually is addition, string concatenation, writing to a stream, or adding to a collection.

• Declare the new temp as final.
• Change all references of the temp up to its second assignment.
• Declare the temp at its second assignment.
• Compile and test.
• Repeat in stages, each stage renaming at the declaration, and changing references until the next assignment.

Example

08

For this example I compute the distance traveled by a haggis. From a standing start, a haggis experiences an initial force. After a delayed period a secondary force kicks in to further accelerate the haggis. Using the common laws of motion, I can compute the distance traveled as follows:

09

double getDistanceTravelled (int time) {
    double result;
    double acc = _primaryForce / _mass;
    int primaryTime = Math.min(time, _delay);
    result = 0.5 * acc * primaryTime * primaryTime;
    int secondaryTime = time - _delay;
    if (secondaryTime > 0) {
         double primaryVel = acc * _delay;
         acc = (_primaryForce + _secondaryForce) / _mass;
         result +=  primaryVel * secondaryTime + 0.5 * acc * secondaryTime * secondaryTime;
    }
    return result;
}

10

A nice awkward little function. The interesting thing for our example is the way the variable acc is set twice. It has two responsibilities: one to hold the initial acceleration caused by the first force and another later to hold the acceleration with both forces. This I want to split.

11

I start at the beginning by changing the name of the temp and declaring the new name as final. Then I change all references to the temp from that point up to the next assignment. At the next assignment I declare it:

12

double getDistanceTravelled (int time) {
    double result;
    final   double primaryAcc  = _primaryForce / _mass;
    int primaryTime = Math.min(time, _delay);
    result = 0.5 * primaryAcc * primaryTime * primaryTime;
    int secondaryTime = time - _delay;
    if (secondaryTime > 0) {
        double primaryVel = primaryAcc * _delay;
        double acc = (_primaryForce + _secondaryForce) / _mass;
        result +=  primaryVel * secondaryTime + 0.5 * acc * secondaryTime * secondaryTime;
    }
    return result;
}

13

I choose the new name to represent only the first use of the temp. I make it final to ensure it is only set once. I can then declare the original temp at its second assignment. Now I can compile and test, and all should work.

14

I continue on the second assignment of the temp. This removes the original temp name completely, replacing it with a new temp named for the second use.

15

double getDistanceTravelled (int time) {
    double result;
    final double primaryAcc = _primaryForce / _mass;
    int primaryTime = Math.min(time, _delay);
    result = 0.5 * primaryAcc * primaryTime * primaryTime;
    int secondaryTime = time - _delay;
    if (secondaryTime > 0) {
        double primaryVel = primaryAcc * _delay;
        final double secondaryAcc = (_primaryForce + _secondaryForce) / _mass;
        result +=  primaryVel * secondaryTime + 0.5 *
            secondaryAcc * secondaryTime * secondaryTime;
    }
    return result;
}

16

I’m sure you can think of a lot more refactoring to be done here. Enjoy it. (I’m sure it’s better than eating the haggis—do you know what they put in those things?)