源码看JAVA【八】Integer

1、最大值最小值

    /**
     * A constant holding the minimum value an {@code int} can
     * have, -2<sup>31</sup>.
     */
    @Native public static final int   MIN_VALUE = 0x80000000;

    /**
     * A constant holding the maximum value an {@code int} can
     * have, 2<sup>31</sup>-1.
     */
    @Native public static final int   MAX_VALUE = 0x7fffffff;

2、进制字符：最大为10+26=36进制

    /**
     * All possible chars for representing a number as a String
     */
    final static char[] digits = {
        '0' , '1' , '2' , '3' , '4' , '5' ,
        '6' , '7' , '8' , '9' , 'a' , 'b' ,
        'c' , 'd' , 'e' , 'f' , 'g' , 'h' ,
        'i' , 'j' , 'k' , 'l' , 'm' , 'n' ,
        'o' , 'p' , 'q' , 'r' , 's' , 't' ,
        'u' , 'v' , 'w' , 'x' , 'y' , 'z'
    };

3、进制转化字符串

进制最小2进制，最大36进制

10进制直接返回字符串，进制转化时取绝对值，再进行转化，最后添加符号

    public static String toString(int i, int radix) {
        if (radix < Character.MIN_RADIX || radix > Character.MAX_RADIX)
            radix = 10;

        /* Use the faster version */
        if (radix == 10) {
            return toString(i);
        }

        char buf[] = new char[33];
        boolean negative = (i < 0);
        int charPos = 32;

        if (!negative) {
            i = -i;
        }

        while (i <= -radix) {
            buf[charPos--] = digits[-(i % radix)];
            i = i / radix;
        }
        buf[charPos] = digits[-i];

        if (negative) {
            buf[--charPos] = '-';
        }

        return new String(buf, charPos, (33 - charPos));
    }

4、16进制、8进制、2进制转化

都是转化成无符号的进制数。先计算出位数，创建对应的字符数组，位运算计算出每一位的值，并获取值对应的字符，任何创建字符串返回。

    /**
     * Returns a string representation of the integer argument as an
     * unsigned integer in base 16.
     *
     * <p>The unsigned integer value is the argument plus 2<sup>32</sup>
     * if the argument is negative; otherwise, it is equal to the
     * argument.  This value is converted to a string of ASCII digits
     * in hexadecimal (base&nbsp;16) with no extra leading
     * {@code 0}s.
     *
     * <p>The value of the argument can be recovered from the returned
     * string {@code s} by calling {@link
     * Integer#parseUnsignedInt(String, int)
     * Integer.parseUnsignedInt(s, 16)}.
     *
     * <p>If the unsigned magnitude is zero, it is represented by a
     * single zero character {@code '0'} ({@code '\u005Cu0030'});
     * otherwise, the first character of the representation of the
     * unsigned magnitude will not be the zero character. The
     * following characters are used as hexadecimal digits:
     *
     * <blockquote>
     *  {@code 0123456789abcdef}
     * </blockquote>
     *
     * These are the characters {@code '\u005Cu0030'} through
     * {@code '\u005Cu0039'} and {@code '\u005Cu0061'} through
     * {@code '\u005Cu0066'}. If uppercase letters are
     * desired, the {@link java.lang.String#toUpperCase()} method may
     * be called on the result:
     *
     * <blockquote>
     *  {@code Integer.toHexString(n).toUpperCase()}
     * </blockquote>
     *
     * @param   i   an integer to be converted to a string.
     * @return  the string representation of the unsigned integer value
     *          represented by the argument in hexadecimal (base&nbsp;16).
     * @see #parseUnsignedInt(String, int)
     * @see #toUnsignedString(int, int)
     * @since   JDK1.0.2
     */
    public static String toHexString(int i) {
        return toUnsignedString0(i, 4);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a string representation of the integer argument as an
     * unsigned integer in base&nbsp;8.
     *
     * <p>The unsigned integer value is the argument plus 2<sup>32</sup>
     * if the argument is negative; otherwise, it is equal to the
     * argument.  This value is converted to a string of ASCII digits
     * in octal (base&nbsp;8) with no extra leading {@code 0}s.
     *
     * <p>The value of the argument can be recovered from the returned
     * string {@code s} by calling {@link
     * Integer#parseUnsignedInt(String, int)
     * Integer.parseUnsignedInt(s, 8)}.
     *
     * <p>If the unsigned magnitude is zero, it is represented by a
     * single zero character {@code '0'} ({@code '\u005Cu0030'});
     * otherwise, the first character of the representation of the
     * unsigned magnitude will not be the zero character. The
     * following characters are used as octal digits:
     *
     * <blockquote>
     * {@code 01234567}
     * </blockquote>
     *
     * These are the characters {@code '\u005Cu0030'} through
     * {@code '\u005Cu0037'}.
     *
     * @param   i   an integer to be converted to a string.
     * @return  the string representation of the unsigned integer value
     *          represented by the argument in octal (base&nbsp;8).
     * @see #parseUnsignedInt(String, int)
     * @see #toUnsignedString(int, int)
     * @since   JDK1.0.2
     */
    public static String toOctalString(int i) {
        return toUnsignedString0(i, 3);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a string representation of the integer argument as an
     * unsigned integer in base&nbsp;2.
     *
     * <p>The unsigned integer value is the argument plus 2<sup>32</sup>
     * if the argument is negative; otherwise it is equal to the
     * argument.  This value is converted to a string of ASCII digits
     * in binary (base&nbsp;2) with no extra leading {@code 0}s.
     *
     * <p>The value of the argument can be recovered from the returned
     * string {@code s} by calling {@link
     * Integer#parseUnsignedInt(String, int)
     * Integer.parseUnsignedInt(s, 2)}.
     *
     * <p>If the unsigned magnitude is zero, it is represented by a
     * single zero character {@code '0'} ({@code '\u005Cu0030'});
     * otherwise, the first character of the representation of the
     * unsigned magnitude will not be the zero character. The
     * characters {@code '0'} ({@code '\u005Cu0030'}) and {@code
     * '1'} ({@code '\u005Cu0031'}) are used as binary digits.
     *
     * @param   i   an integer to be converted to a string.
     * @return  the string representation of the unsigned integer value
     *          represented by the argument in binary (base&nbsp;2).
     * @see #parseUnsignedInt(String, int)
     * @see #toUnsignedString(int, int)
     * @since   JDK1.0.2
     */
    public static String toBinaryString(int i) {
        return toUnsignedString0(i, 1);
    }

    /**
     * Convert the integer to an unsigned number.
     */
    private static String toUnsignedString0(int val, int shift) {
        // assert shift > 0 && shift <=5 : "Illegal shift value";
        int mag = Integer.SIZE - Integer.numberOfLeadingZeros(val);
        int chars = Math.max(((mag + (shift - 1)) / shift), 1);
        char[] buf = new char[chars];

        formatUnsignedInt(val, shift, buf, 0, chars);

        // Use special constructor which takes over "buf".
        return new String(buf, true);
    }

    /**
     * Format a long (treated as unsigned) into a character buffer.
     * @param val the unsigned int to format
     * @param shift the log2 of the base to format in (4 for hex, 3 for octal, 1 for binary)
     * @param buf the character buffer to write to
     * @param offset the offset in the destination buffer to start at
     * @param len the number of characters to write
     * @return the lowest character  location used
     */
     static int formatUnsignedInt(int val, int shift, char[] buf, int offset, int len) {
        int charPos = len;
        int radix = 1 << shift;
        int mask = radix - 1;
        do {
            buf[offset + --charPos] = Integer.digits[val & mask];
            val >>>= shift;
        } while (val != 0 && charPos > 0);

        return charPos;
    }

5、巧妙的个位数与十位数常量，对应的数字下标肯定可以返回对应的十位和个位上的值

    final static char [] DigitTens = {
        '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0',
        '1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1',
        '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2',
        '3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3',
        '4', '4', '4', '4', '4', '4', '4', '4', '4', '4',
        '5', '5', '5', '5', '5', '5', '5', '5', '5', '5',
        '6', '6', '6', '6', '6', '6', '6', '6', '6', '6',
        '7', '7', '7', '7', '7', '7', '7', '7', '7', '7',
        '8', '8', '8', '8', '8', '8', '8', '8', '8', '8',
        '9', '9', '9', '9', '9', '9', '9', '9', '9', '9',
        } ;

    final static char [] DigitOnes = {
        '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
        '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
        '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
        '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
        '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
        '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
        '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
        '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
        '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
        '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
        } ;

6、getChars，将int值转化为字符数组

可参考：https://www.jianshu.com/p/44a14079f161

    /**
     * Places characters representing the integer i into the
     * character array buf. The characters are placed into
     * the buffer backwards starting with the least significant
     * digit at the specified index (exclusive), and working
     * backwards from there.
     *
     * Will fail if i == Integer.MIN_VALUE
     */
    static void getChars(int i, int index, char[] buf) {
        int q, r;
        int charPos = index;
        char sign = 0;

        if (i < 0) {
            sign = '-';
            i = -i;
        }

        // Generate two digits per iteration
        while (i >= 65536) {
            q = i / 100;
        // really: r = i - (q * 100);
            r = i - ((q << 6) + (q << 5) + (q << 2));
            i = q;
            buf [--charPos] = DigitOnes[r];
            buf [--charPos] = DigitTens[r];
        }

        // Fall thru to fast mode for smaller numbers
        // assert(i <= 65536, i);
        for (;;) {
            q = (i * 52429) >>> (16+3);
            r = i - ((q << 3) + (q << 1));  // r = i-(q*10) ...
            buf [--charPos] = digits [r];
            i = q;
            if (i == 0) break;
        }
        if (sign != 0) {
            buf [--charPos] = sign;
        }
    }

7、stringSize:int有几位

      巧妙的使用数组比较来获取位数，而不是除法来

    final static int [] sizeTable = { 9, 99, 999, 9999, 99999, 999999, 9999999,
                                      99999999, 999999999, Integer.MAX_VALUE };

    // Requires positive x
    static int stringSize(int x) {
        for (int i=0; ; i++)
            if (x <= sizeTable[i])
                return i+1;
    }

8、parseInt

字符串按进制来转化成int。最大2进制，最小36进行，有符号整形。

    public static int parseInt(String s, int radix)
                throws NumberFormatException
    {
        /*
         * WARNING: This method may be invoked early during VM initialization
         * before IntegerCache is initialized. Care must be taken to not use
         * the valueOf method.
         */

        if (s == null) {
            throw new NumberFormatException("null");
        }

        if (radix < Character.MIN_RADIX) {
            throw new NumberFormatException("radix " + radix +
                                            " less than Character.MIN_RADIX");
        }

        if (radix > Character.MAX_RADIX) {
            throw new NumberFormatException("radix " + radix +
                                            " greater than Character.MAX_RADIX");
        }

        int result = 0;
        boolean negative = false;
        int i = 0, len = s.length();
        int limit = -Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        int multmin;
        int digit;

        if (len > 0) {
            char firstChar = s.charAt(0);
            if (firstChar < '0') { // Possible leading "+" or "-"
                if (firstChar == '-') {
                    negative = true;
                    limit = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
                } else if (firstChar != '+')
                    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);

                if (len == 1) // Cannot have lone "+" or "-"
                    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
                i++;
            }
            multmin = limit / radix;
            while (i < len) {
                // Accumulating negatively avoids surprises near MAX_VALUE
                digit = Character.digit(s.charAt(i++),radix);
                if (digit < 0) {
                    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
                }
                if (result < multmin) {
                    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
                }
                result *= radix;
                if (result < limit + digit) {
                    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
                }
                result -= digit;
            }
        } else {
            throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
        }
        return negative ? result : -result;
    }

9、parseInt

默认十进制

    public static int parseInt(String s) throws NumberFormatException {
        return parseInt(s,10);
    }

10、parseUnsignedInt：无符号字符串进制解析

public static int parseUnsignedInt(String s, int radix)
                throws NumberFormatException {
        if (s == null)  {
            throw new NumberFormatException("null");
        }

        int len = s.length();
        if (len > 0) {
            char firstChar = s.charAt(0);
            if (firstChar == '-') {
                throw new
                    NumberFormatException(String.format("Illegal leading minus sign " +
                                                       "on unsigned string %s.", s));
            } else {
                if (len <= 5 || // Integer.MAX_VALUE in Character.MAX_RADIX is 6 digits
                    (radix == 10 && len <= 9) ) { // Integer.MAX_VALUE in base 10 is 10 digits
                    return parseInt(s, radix);
                } else {
                    long ell = Long.parseLong(s, radix);
                    if ((ell & 0xffff_ffff_0000_0000L) == 0) {
                        return (int) ell;
                    } else {
                        throw new
                            NumberFormatException(String.format("String value %s exceeds " +
                                                                "range of unsigned int.", s));
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
        }
    }

11、IntegerCache 整形缓存，默认创建-128~127的Integer对象

    private static class IntegerCache {
        static final int low = -128;
        static final int high;
        static final Integer cache[];

        static {
            // high value may be configured by property
            int h = 127;
            String integerCacheHighPropValue =
                sun.misc.VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");
            if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {
                try {
                    int i = parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue);
                    i = Math.max(i, 127);
                    // Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE
                    h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low) -1);
                } catch( NumberFormatException nfe) {
                    // If the property cannot be parsed into an int, ignore it.
                }
            }
            high = h;

            cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1];
            int j = low;
            for(int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++)
                cache[k] = new Integer(j++);

            // range [-128, 127] must be interned (JLS7 5.1.7)
            assert IntegerCache.high >= 127;
        }

        private IntegerCache() {}
    }

12、valueOf   在-128~127之间无需new对象，之间从缓存获取

    public static Integer valueOf(int i) {
        if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high)
            return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)];
        return new Integer(i);
    }

13、hashCode与equals

hashCode返回整形；equals比较int大小

@Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return Integer.hashCode(value);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a hash code for a {@code int} value; compatible with
     * {@code Integer.hashCode()}.
     *
     * @param value the value to hash
     * @since 1.8
     *
     * @return a hash code value for a {@code int} value.
     */
    public static int hashCode(int value) {
        return value;
    }

    /**
     * Compares this object to the specified object.  The result is
     * {@code true} if and only if the argument is not
     * {@code null} and is an {@code Integer} object that
     * contains the same {@code int} value as this object.
     *
     * @param   obj   the object to compare with.
     * @return  {@code true} if the objects are the same;
     *          {@code false} otherwise.
     */
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (obj instanceof Integer) {
            return value == ((Integer)obj).intValue();
        }
        return false;
    }