本文主要研究的内容如下：
1. 什么是系统调用？
2. 系统调用的作用？
3. 系统调用的过程 ?
我们知道从不同的角度可以把操作系统看作不同的作用， 操作系统其实就是管理系统硬件资源的一些代码，协调系统良好的运行， 那么我们要怎样才能够访问系统的资源呢？其实一个方法是系统调用， 因为我们把操作系统分为内核态与用户态（主要是为了安全， 因为有些特权指令只有在内核态才能够访问）， 我们编写的应用程序要访问和心态的代码必须用一种适当的方法进入内核， 其实系统调用也是分析系统内核的一种方法（也可以从系统加电到初始化完成的角度去理解Linux的内核）， 我们编写代码调用系统调用总的来说有两种方法， 一种是采用汇编语言直接用调用号进入内核， 另外一种方法就是用库的形式（如glibc库）由封装库进入内核， 然后执行完内核服务后返回到用户层。
[flydream@flydream ThinkingInC++]$ gcc -g -Wall -static -m32 test_system_call.c //采用静态链接
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status 是缺少glibc-static.i686 yum 安装之
-m32 （编译32为程序， 如果系统是64位的则默认回编译64位）
[flydream@flydream ThinkingInC++]$ gcc -g -Wall -static -m32 test_system_call.c //编译成功
[flydream@flydream ThinkingInC++]$ ls
a.out hello.cpp test.cpp test_system_call.c test_system_call.o
fork.c open.c test_system_call test_system_call.i test_system_call.s
[flydream@flydream ThinkingInC++]$ ./a.out
Input a num : 89
The return from kernel is 89 !
[flydream@flydream ThinkingInC++]$
下面我们来看看系统调用的详细过程:
现看看我们的测试代码：
[flydream@flydream ThinkingInC++]$ cat test_system_call.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <syscall.h>
int main(void)
{
int input;
printf("Input a num : ");
scanf("%d",&input);
long rval = syscall(347, input); //这里的347 自己添加的系统调用号. 这个程序也说明了怎么自己添加系统调用
printf("The return from kernel is %ld !\n", rval);
return 0;
}
[flydream@flydream ThinkingInC++]$
对上面的代码说明：
1. 关于syscall的申明与实现 （关于如何知道在那个头文件中声明的可以用 man查看）
[root@flydream ThinkingInC++]# cat -n /usr/include/unistd.h | grep syscall
1075 In Unix, `syscall' sets `errno' for all errors and most calls return -1
1082 extern long int syscall (long int __sysno, ...) __THROW;
[root@flydream ThinkingInC++]# man syscall
SYSCALL(2) Linux Programmer's Manual SYSCALL(2)
NAME
syscall - indirect system call
SYNOPSIS
#define _GNU_SOURCE /* See feature_test_macros(7) */
#include <unistd.h> //从这里可以知道在那个头文件声明
#include <sys/syscall.h> /* For SYS_xxx definitions */
int syscall(int number, ...);
2. syscall函数的实现， 我下载了glibc源码库， 因为syscall函数的实现是在glibc库里面。
[flydream@flydream glibc-2.14.1]$ vim sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/i386/syscall.S
.........
24 .text
25 ENTRY (syscall) //syscall函数的实现
26
27 PUSHARGS_6 /* Save register contents. */ 在这里保存寄存器上下文， 由宏实现，具体代码参看库源码
28 _DOARGS_6(44) /* Load arguments. */ 在这里保存用户传递给系统调用的参数， 如果参数大于等于6个则参数会保存在内存中， 然后由EBX指向参数栈
29 movl 20(%esp), %eax /* Load syscall number into %eax. */ 这里就是保存系统调用号到EAX寄存器， 不同的体系结构可能不一样。
30 ENTER_KERNEL /* Do the system call. */ 这个宏实现进入内核， 下面讨论
31 POPARGS_6 /* Restore register contents. */ 在这里由系统调用返回， 也就是请求内核服务完成了， 内核执行成功与否有EAX中的值确定
32 cmpl $-4095, %eax /* Check %eax for error. */
33 jae SYSCALL_ERROR_LABEL /* Jump to error handler if error. */ 错误处理
34 L(pseudo_end):
35 ret /* Return to caller. */
36
..............
3. 上面两部都只是在用户空间， 其实是在执行glibc库的一些代码现在看看 ENTER_KERNEL /* Do the system call. */
23
24 .text
25 ENTRY (syscall)
26
27 PUSHARGS_6 /* Save register contents. */
28 _DOARGS_6(44) /* Load arguments. */
29 movl 20(%esp), %eax /* Load syscall number into %eax. */
30 ENTER_KERNEL /* Do the system call. */
31 POPARGS_6 /* Restore register contents. */
32 cmpl $-4095, %eax /* Check %eax for error. */
33 jae SYSCALL_ERROR_LABEL /* Jump to error handler if error. */
34 L(pseudo_end):
35 ret /* Return to caller. */
36
37 PSEUDO_END (syscall)
# pri kind tag file
1 F d ENTER_KERNEL ./sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/i386/sysdep.h
195
2 F d ENTER_KERNEL ./sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/i386/sysdep.h
197
3 F d ENTER_KERNEL ./sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/i386/sysdep.h
200
在文件/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/i386/sysdep.h中
191 /* The original calling convention for system calls on Linux/i386 is
192 to use int $0x80. */
193 #ifdef I386_USE_SYSENTER
194 # ifdef SHARED
195 # define ENTER_KERNEL call *%gs:SYSINFO_OFFSET
196 # else
197 # define ENTER_KERNEL call *_dl_sysinfo
198 # endif
199 #else
200 # define ENTER_KERNEL int $0x80 //软中断陷入内核， 关于这条指令详解见下面， 执行这条指令后CPU就执行内核态代码了
201 #endif
202
4. 经过上面三步就执行内核态代码了， 然而怎么执行内核态代码的呢？
关键在于 int $0x80都做了些什么， 其实0x80是中断向量号， 我们可以从中断向量表里面根据终端向量号可以找到中断服务程序的入口地址， 然而中断向量表的初始化是在内核初始化中完成的在/opt/linux-3.0.4/init/main.c的start_kernel中
508 setup_log_buf(0);
509 pidhash_init();
510 vfs_caches_init_early();
511 sort_main_extable();
512 trap_init();
513 mm_init();
进入trap_init()函数
2 F f trap_init ./arch/x86/kernel/traps.c
来到了 ./arch/x86/kernel/traps.c文件中
void __init trap_init(void)
825 {
826 int i;
827
828 #ifdef CONFIG_EISA
829 void __iomem *p = early_ioremap(0x0FFFD9, 4);
830
831 if (readl(p) == 'E' + ('I'<<8) + ('S'<<16) + ('A'<<24))
832 EISA_bus = 1;
833 early_iounmap(p, 4);
834 #endif
835
836 set_intr_gate(0, ÷_error);
837 set_intr_gate_ist(2, &nmi, NMI_STACK);
838 /* int4 can be called from all */
839 set_system_intr_gate(4, &overflow);
840 set_intr_gate(5, &bounds);
841 set_intr_gate(6, &invalid_op);
842 set_intr_gate(7, &device_not_available);
843 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
844 set_task_gate(8, GDT_ENTRY_DOUBLEFAULT_TSS);
845 #else
846 set_intr_gate_ist(8, &double_fault, DOUBLEFAULT_STACK);
847 #endif
848 set_intr_gate(9, &coprocessor_segment_overrun);
849 set_intr_gate(10, &invalid_TSS);
850 set_intr_gate(11, &segment_not_present);
851 set_intr_gate_ist(12, &stack_segment, STACKFAULT_STACK);
852 set_intr_gate(13, &general_protection);
853 set_intr_gate(15, &spurious_interrupt_bug);
854 set_intr_gate(16, &coprocessor_error);
855 set_intr_gate(17, &alignment_check);
856 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_MCE
857 set_intr_gate_ist(18, &machine_check, MCE_STACK);
858 #endif
859 set_intr_gate(19, &simd_coprocessor_error);
860
861 /* Reserve all the builtin and the syscall vector: */
862 for (i = 0; i < FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR; i++)
863 set_bit(i, used_vectors);
864
865 #ifdef CONFIG_IA32_EMULATION
866 set_system_intr_gate(IA32_SYSCALL_VECTOR, ia32_syscall);
867 set_bit(IA32_SYSCALL_VECTOR, used_vectors);
868 #endif
869
870 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
871 set_system_trap_gate(SYSCALL_VECTOR, &system_call);
872 set_bit(SYSCALL_VECTOR, used_vectors);
873 #endif
874
875 /*
876 * Should be a barrier for any external CPU state:
877 */
878 cpu_init();
879
880 x86_init.irqs.trap_init();
881 }
看到这个函数中最重要的一行
871 set_system_trap_gate(SYSCALL_VECTOR, &system_call);
参数SYSCALL_VECTOR来自文件
"./arch/x86/include/asm/irq_vectors.h" 185L, 5237C
49 #define IA32_SYSCALL_VECTOR 0x80
50 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
51 # define SYSCALL_VECTOR 0x80
52 #endif
参数 system_call 来自文件[flydream@flydream linux-3.0.4]$ vim arch/x86/kernel/entry_32.S
498 ENTRY(system_call)
499 RING0_INT_FRAME # can't unwind into user space anyway
500 pushl_cfi %eax # save orig_eax
501 SAVE_ALL
502 GET_THREAD_INFO(%ebp)
503 # system call tracing in operation / emulation
504 testl $_TIF_WORK_SYSCALL_ENTRY,TI_flags(%ebp)
505 jnz syscall_trace_entry
506 cmpl $(nr_syscalls), %eax
507 jae syscall_badsys
508 syscall_call:
509 call *sys_call_table(,%eax,4)
510 movl %eax,PT_EAX(%esp) # store the retu
set_system_trap_gate这个函数就不详细讲解了， 主要是初始化中断向量表， 我们从这里看到了从系统调用一直走到这里说明从glibc库里面的那个int $0x80要执行的函数在初始化的时候已经注册好了， 那么现在就要去执行上面汇编语言编写的system_call函数了一直到509行
看到 509行 call *sys_call_table(,%eax,4)
我们看看sys_call_table在那里定义的呢？
在下面这个文件中:
[flydream@flydream linux-3.0.4]$ cat -n arch/x86/kernel/syscall_table_32.S
1 ENTRY(sys_call_table)
2 .long sys_restart_syscall /* 0 - old "setup()" system call, used for restarting */
3 .long sys_exit
4 .long ptregs_fork
5 .long sys_read
6 .long sys_write
7 .long sys_open /* 5 */
8 .long sys_close
9 .long sys_waitpid
10 .long sys_creat
11 .long sys_link
12 .long sys_unlink /* 10 */
13 .long ptregs_execve
14 .long sys_chdir
15 .long sys_time
16 .long sys_mknod
17 .long sys_chmod /* 15 */
18 .long sys_lchown16
19 .long sys_ni_syscall /* old break syscall holder */
20 .long sys_stat
21 .long sys_lseek
22 .long sys_getpid /* 20 */
23 .long sys_mount
24 .long sys_oldumount
25 .long sys_setuid16
26 .long sys_getuid16
27 .long sys_stime /* 25 */
28 .long sys_ptrace
29 .long sys_alarm
30 .long sys_fstat
31 .long sys_pause
32 .long sys_utime /* 30 */
33 .long sys_ni_syscall /* old stty syscall holder */
34 .long sys_ni_syscall /* old gtty syscall holder */
35 .long sys_access
36 .long sys_nice
37 .long sys_ni_syscall /* 35 - old ftime syscall holder */
38 .long sys_sync
39 .long sys_kill
40 .long sys_rename
41 .long sys_mkdir
42 .long sys_rmdir /* 40 */
43 .long sys_dup
44 .long sys_pipe
45 .long sys_times
46 .long sys_ni_syscall /* old prof syscall holder */
47 .long sys_brk /* 45 */
48 .long sys_setgid16
49 .long sys_getgid16
50 .long sys_signal
51 .long sys_geteuid16
52 .long sys_getegid16 /* 50 */
53 .long sys_acct
54 .long sys_umount /* recycled never used phys() */
55 .long sys_ni_syscall /* old lock syscall holder */
56 .long sys_ioctl
57 .long sys_fcntl /* 55 */
58 .long sys_ni_syscall /* old mpx syscall holder */
59 .long sys_setpgid
60 .long sys_ni_syscall /* old ulimit syscall holder */
61 .long sys_olduname
62 .long sys_umask /* 60 */
63 .long sys_chroot
64 .long sys_ustat
65 .long sys_dup2
66 .long sys_getppid
67 .long sys_getpgrp /* 65 */
68 .long sys_setsid
69 .long sys_sigaction
70 .long sys_sgetmask
71 .long sys_ssetmask
72 .long sys_setreuid16 /* 70 */
73 .long sys_setregid16
74 .long sys_sigsuspend
75 .long sys_sigpending
76 .long sys_sethostname
77 .long sys_setrlimit /* 75 */
78 .long sys_old_getrlimit
79 .long sys_getrusage
80 .long sys_gettimeofday
81 .long sys_settimeofday
82 .long sys_getgroups16 /* 80 */
83 .long sys_setgroups16
84 .long sys_old_select
85 .long sys_symlink
86 .long sys_lstat
87 .long sys_readlink /* 85 */
88 .long sys_uselib
89 .long sys_swapon
90 .long sys_reboot
91 .long sys_old_readdir
92 .long sys_old_mmap /* 90 */
93 .long sys_munmap
94 .long sys_truncate
95 .long sys_ftruncate
96 .long sys_fchmod
97 .long sys_fchown16 /* 95 */
98 .long sys_getpriority
99 .long sys_setpriority
100 .long sys_ni_syscall /* old profil syscall holder */
101 .long sys_statfs
102 .long sys_fstatfs /* 100 */
103 .long sys_ioperm
104 .long sys_socketcall
105 .long sys_syslog
106 .long sys_setitimer
107 .long sys_getitimer /* 105 */
108 .long sys_newstat
109 .long sys_newlstat
110 .long sys_newfstat
111 .long sys_uname
112 .long ptregs_iopl /* 110 */
113 .long sys_vhangup
114 .long sys_ni_syscall /* old "idle" system call */
115 .long ptregs_vm86old
116 .long sys_wait4
117 .long sys_swapoff /* 115 */
118 .long sys_sysinfo
119 .long sys_ipc
120 .long sys_fsync
121 .long ptregs_sigreturn
122 .long ptregs_clone /* 120 */
123 .long sys_setdomainname
124 .long sys_newuname
125 .long sys_modify_ldt
126 .long sys_adjtimex
127 .long sys_mprotect /* 125 */
128 .long sys_sigprocmask
129 .long sys_ni_syscall /* old "create_module" */
130 .long sys_init_module
131 .long sys_delete_module
132 .long sys_ni_syscall /* 130: old "get_kernel_syms" */
133 .long sys_quotactl
134 .long sys_getpgid
135 .long sys_fchdir
136 .long sys_bdflush
137 .long sys_sysfs /* 135 */
138 .long sys_personality
139 .long sys_ni_syscall /* reserved for afs_syscall */
140 .long sys_setfsuid16
141 .long sys_setfsgid16
142 .long sys_llseek /* 140 */
143 .long sys_getdents
144 .long sys_select
145 .long sys_flock
146 .long sys_msync
147 .long sys_readv /* 145 */
148 .long sys_writev
149 .long sys_getsid
150 .long sys_fdatasync
151 .long sys_sysctl
152 .long sys_mlock /* 150 */
153 .long sys_munlock
154 .long sys_mlockall
155 .long sys_munlockall
156 .long sys_sched_setparam
157 .long sys_sched_getparam /* 155 */
158 .long sys_sched_setscheduler
159 .long sys_sched_getscheduler
160 .long sys_sched_yield
161 .long sys_sched_get_priority_max
162 .long sys_sched_get_priority_min /* 160 */
163 .long sys_sched_rr_get_interval
164 .long sys_nanosleep
165 .long sys_mremap
166 .long sys_setresuid16
167 .long sys_getresuid16 /* 165 */
168 .long ptregs_vm86
169 .long sys_ni_syscall /* Old sys_query_module */
170 .long sys_poll
171 .long sys_nfsservctl
172 .long sys_setresgid16 /* 170 */
173 .long sys_getresgid16
174 .long sys_prctl
175 .long ptregs_rt_sigreturn
176 .long sys_rt_sigaction
177 .long sys_rt_sigprocmask /* 175 */
178 .long sys_rt_sigpending
179 .long sys_rt_sigtimedwait
180 .long sys_rt_sigqueueinfo
181 .long sys_rt_sigsuspend
182 .long sys_pread64 /* 180 */
183 .long sys_pwrite64
184 .long sys_chown16
185 .long sys_getcwd
186 .long sys_capget
187 .long sys_capset /* 185 */
188 .long ptregs_sigaltstack
189 .long sys_sendfile
190 .long sys_ni_syscall /* reserved for streams1 */
191 .long sys_ni_syscall /* reserved for streams2 */
192 .long ptregs_vfork /* 190 */
193 .long sys_getrlimit
194 .long sys_mmap_pgoff
195 .long sys_truncate64
196 .long sys_ftruncate64
197 .long sys_stat64 /* 195 */
198 .long sys_lstat64
199 .long sys_fstat64
200 .long sys_lchown
201 .long sys_getuid
202 .long sys_getgid /* 200 */
203 .long sys_geteuid
204 .long sys_getegid
205 .long sys_setreuid
206 .long sys_setregid
207 .long sys_getgroups /* 205 */
208 .long sys_setgroups
209 .long sys_fchown
210 .long sys_setresuid
211 .long sys_getresuid
212 .long sys_setresgid /* 210 */
213 .long sys_getresgid
214 .long sys_chown
215 .long sys_setuid
216 .long sys_setgid
217 .long sys_setfsuid /* 215 */
218 .long sys_setfsgid
219 .long sys_pivot_root
220 .long sys_mincore
221 .long sys_madvise
222 .long sys_getdents64 /* 220 */
223 .long sys_fcntl64
224 .long sys_ni_syscall /* reserved for TUX */
225 .long sys_ni_syscall
226 .long sys_gettid
227 .long sys_readahead /* 225 */
228 .long sys_setxattr
229 .long sys_lsetxattr
230 .long sys_fsetxattr
231 .long sys_getxattr
232 .long sys_lgetxattr /* 230 */
233 .long sys_fgetxattr
234 .long sys_listxattr
235 .long sys_llistxattr
236 .long sys_flistxattr
237 .long sys_removexattr /* 235 */
238 .long sys_lremovexattr
239 .long sys_fremovexattr
240 .long sys_tkill
241 .long sys_sendfile64
242 .long sys_futex /* 240 */
243 .long sys_sched_setaffinity
244 .long sys_sched_getaffinity
245 .long sys_set_thread_area
246 .long sys_get_thread_area
247 .long sys_io_setup /* 245 */
248 .long sys_io_destroy
249 .long sys_io_getevents
250 .long sys_io_submit
251 .long sys_io_cancel
252 .long sys_fadvise64 /* 250 */
253 .long sys_ni_syscall
254 .long sys_exit_group
255 .long sys_lookup_dcookie
256 .long sys_epoll_create
257 .long sys_epoll_ctl /* 255 */
258 .long sys_epoll_wait
259 .long sys_remap_file_pages
260 .long sys_set_tid_address
261 .long sys_timer_create
262 .long sys_timer_settime /* 260 */
263 .long sys_timer_gettime
264 .long sys_timer_getoverrun
265 .long sys_timer_delete
266 .long sys_clock_settime
267 .long sys_clock_gettime /* 265 */
268 .long sys_clock_getres
269 .long sys_clock_nanosleep
270 .long sys_statfs64
271 .long sys_fstatfs64
272 .long sys_tgkill /* 270 */
273 .long sys_utimes
274 .long sys_fadvise64_64
275 .long sys_ni_syscall /* sys_vserver */
276 .long sys_mbind
277 .long sys_get_mempolicy
278 .long sys_set_mempolicy
279 .long sys_mq_open
280 .long sys_mq_unlink
281 .long sys_mq_timedsend
282 .long sys_mq_timedreceive /* 280 */
283 .long sys_mq_notify
284 .long sys_mq_getsetattr
285 .long sys_kexec_load
286 .long sys_waitid
287 .long sys_ni_syscall /* 285 */ /* available */
288 .long sys_add_key
289 .long sys_request_key
290 .long sys_keyctl
291 .long sys_ioprio_set
292 .long sys_ioprio_get /* 290 */
293 .long sys_inotify_init
294 .long sys_inotify_add_watch
295 .long sys_inotify_rm_watch
296 .long sys_migrate_pages
297 .long sys_openat /* 295 */
298 .long sys_mkdirat
299 .long sys_mknodat
300 .long sys_fchownat
301 .long sys_futimesat
302 .long sys_fstatat64 /* 300 */
303 .long sys_unlinkat
304 .long sys_renameat
305 .long sys_linkat
306 .long sys_symlinkat
307 .long sys_readlinkat /* 305 */
308 .long sys_fchmodat
309 .long sys_faccessat
310 .long sys_pselect6
311 .long sys_ppoll
312 .long sys_unshare /* 310 */
313 .long sys_set_robust_list
314 .long sys_get_robust_list
315 .long sys_splice
316 .long sys_sync_file_range
317 .long sys_tee /* 315 */
318 .long sys_vmsplice
319 .long sys_move_pages
320 .long sys_getcpu
321 .long sys_epoll_pwait
322 .long sys_utimensat /* 320 */
323 .long sys_signalfd
324 .long sys_timerfd_create
325 .long sys_eventfd
326 .long sys_fallocate
327 .long sys_timerfd_settime /* 325 */
328 .long sys_timerfd_gettime
329 .long sys_signalfd4
330 .long sys_eventfd2
331 .long sys_epoll_create1
332 .long sys_dup3 /* 330 */
333 .long sys_pipe2
334 .long sys_inotify_init1
335 .long sys_preadv
336 .long sys_pwritev
337 .long sys_rt_tgsigqueueinfo /* 335 */
338 .long sys_perf_event_open
339 .long sys_recvmmsg
340 .long sys_fanotify_init
341 .long sys_fanotify_mark
342 .long sys_prlimit64 /* 340 */
343 .long sys_name_to_handle_at
344 .long sys_open_by_handle_at
345 .long sys_clock_adjtime
346 .long sys_syncfs
347 .long sys_sendmmsg /* 345 */
348 .long sys_setns /* 346 */
349 .long sys_RIRI /* 347 This is added by JYP for syscall 347 这一项是我自己测试添加的 */
说明这里的系统调用号为347
[flydream@flydream linux-3.0.4]$
回到call *sys_call_table(,%eax,4)， 那么会执行我们指定系统调用号的函数， 这些函数都是内核的核心函数， 也就是为什么说我们可以用系统调用进入到内核态。
上面列出的sys_***函数的实现主要是在/opt/linux-3.0.4/kernel目录下
比如在/opt/linux-3.0.4/kernel/sys.c中就有很多， 如果自己添加系统调用就可以在这个文件中添加相关的实现。 我自己添加的在/opt/linux-3.0.4/kernel/sys.c文件中：『下面的程序来源于网络』
939 SYSCALL_DEFINE1(RIRI, int, num)
940 {
941 struct task_struct *pos;
942 struct list_head *current_head;
943 int count=0;
944 printk("Traversal module is working..\n");
945 current_head=&(current->tasks);
946 list_for_each_entry(pos,current_head,tasks)
947 {
948 count++;
949 printk("[process %d]: %s's pid is %d\n",count,pos->comm,pos->pid);
950 }
951 printk(KERN_ALERT"The number of process is %d\n",count);
952 printk(KERN_ALERT"This is a sample test output from kernel!\nAnd this is added by JYP !\n");
953 return (long)num;
954 }
其他的系统调用也是通过上面的原理实现的。
/opt/linux-3.0.4/kernel/sys.c这个文件中就有很多比如：
[flydream@flydream kernel]$ cat -n sys.c | grep DEFINE | more
173 SYSCALL_DEFINE3(setpriority, int, which, int, who, int, niceval)
240 SYSCALL_DEFINE2(getpriority, int, which, int, who)
388 static DEFINE_MUTEX(reboot_mutex);
398 SYSCALL_DEFINE4(reboot, int, magic1, int, magic2, unsigned int, cmd,
514 SYSCALL_DEFINE2(setregid, gid_t, rgid, gid_t, egid)
561 SYSCALL_DEFINE1(setgid, gid_t, gid)
624 SYSCALL_DEFINE2(setreuid, uid_t, ruid, uid_t, euid)
685 SYSCALL_DEFINE1(setuid, uid_t, uid)
726 SYSCALL_DEFINE3(setresuid, uid_t, ruid, uid_t, euid, uid_t, suid)
776 SYSCALL_DEFINE3(getresuid, uid_t __user *, ruid, uid_t __user *, euid, uid_t __user *, suid)
791 SYSCALL_DEFINE3(setresgid, gid_t, rgid, gid_t, egid, gid_t, sgid)
830 SYSCALL_DEFINE3(getresgid, gid_t __user *, rgid, gid_t __user *, egid, gid_t __user *, sgid)
849 SYSCALL_DEFINE1(setfsuid, uid_t, uid)
882 SYSCALL_DEFINE1(setfsgid, gid_t, gid)
926 SYSCALL_DEFINE1(times, struct tms __user *, tbuf)
939 SYSCALL_DEFINE1(RIRI, int, num)
968 SYSCALL_DEFINE2(setpgid, pid_t, pid, pid_t, pgid)
1039 SYSCALL_DEFINE1(getpgid, pid_t, pid)
1069 SYSCALL_DEFINE0(getpgrp)
1076 SYSCALL_DEFINE1(getsid, pid_t, pid)
1104 SYSCALL_DEFINE0(setsid)
1176 SYSCALL_DEFINE1(newuname, struct new_utsname __user *, name)
1196 SYSCALL_DEFINE1(uname, struct old_utsname __user *, name)
1215 SYSCALL_DEFINE1(olduname, struct oldold_utsname __user *, name)
1250 SYSCALL_DEFINE2(sethostname, char __user *, name, int, len)
1275 SYSCALL_DEFINE2(gethostname, char __user *, name, int, len)
1300 SYSCALL_DEFINE2(setdomainname, char __user *, name, int, len)
1323 SYSCALL_DEFINE2(getrlimit, unsigned int, resource, struct rlimit __user *, rlim)
1341 SYSCALL_DEFINE2(old_getrlimit, unsigned int, resource,
1483 SYSCALL_DEFINE4(prlimit64, pid_t, pid, unsigned int, resource,
1525 SYSCALL_DEFINE2(setrlimit, unsigned int, resource, struct rlimit __user *, rlim)
1658 SYSCALL_DEFINE2(getrusage, int, who, struct rusage __user *, ru)
1666 SYSCALL_DEFINE1(umask, int, mask)
1672 SYSCALL_DEFINE5(prctl, int, option, unsigned long, arg2, unsigned long, arg3,
1827 SYSCALL_DEFINE3(getcpu, unsigned __user *, cpup, unsigned __user *, nodep,
可以看到很多系统调用的内核态实现都是在这个文件中， 我自己添加的也在里面可以看到
939 SYSCALL_DEFINE1(RIRI, int, num)
这些函数的声明：
[flydream@flydream linux-3.0.4]$ cat -n include/linux/syscalls.h | grep "asmlinkage long sys_"
189 asmlinkage long sys_##sname(void)
191 #define SYSCALL_DEFINE0(name) asmlinkage long sys_##name(void)
247 #define SYSCALL_DEFINE(name) asmlinkage long sys_##name
253 asmlinkage long sys_RIRI(int num); /* added by JYP just for test syscall */
254 asmlinkage long sys_time(time_t __user *tloc);
255 asmlinkage long sys_stime(time_t __user *tptr);
256 asmlinkage long sys_gettimeofday(struct timeval __user *tv,
258 asmlinkage long sys_settimeofday(struct timeval __user *tv,
260 asmlinkage long sys_adjtimex(struct timex __user *txc_p);
262 asmlinkage long sys_times(struct tms __user *tbuf);
264 asmlinkage long sys_gettid(void);
265 asmlinkage long sys_nanosleep(struct timespec __user *rqtp, struct timespec __user *rmtp);
266 asmlinkage long sys_alarm(unsigned int seconds);
267 asmlinkage long sys_getpid(void);
268 asmlinkage long sys_getppid(void);
269 asmlinkage long sys_getuid(void);
270 asmlinkage long sys_geteuid(void);
271 asmlinkage long sys_getgid(void);
272 asmlinkage long sys_getegid(void);
273 asmlinkage long sys_getresuid(uid_t __user *ruid, uid_t __user *euid, uid_t __user *suid);
274 asmlinkage long sys_getresgid(gid_t __user *rgid, gid_t __user *egid, gid_t __user *sgid);
275 asmlinkage long sys_getpgid(pid_t pid);
276 asmlinkage long sys_getpgrp(void);
277 asmlinkage long sys_getsid(pid_t pid);
278 asmlinkage long sys_getgroups(int gidsetsize, gid_t __user *grouplist);
280 asmlinkage long sys_setregid(gid_t rgid, gid_t egid);
281 asmlinkage long sys_setgid(gid_t gid);
282 asmlinkage long sys_setreuid(uid_t ruid, uid_t euid);
283 asmlinkage long sys_setuid(uid_t uid);
284 asmlinkage long sys_setresuid(uid_t ruid, uid_t euid, uid_t suid);
285 asmlinkage long sys_setresgid(gid_t rgid, gid_t egid, gid_t sgid);
286 asmlinkage long sys_setfsuid(uid_t uid);
287 asmlinkage long sys_setfsgid(gid_t gid);
288 asmlinkage long sys_setpgid(pid_t pid, pid_t pgid);
289 asmlinkage long sys_setsid(void);
290 asmlinkage long sys_setgroups(int gidsetsize, gid_t __user *grouplist);
292 asmlinkage long sys_acct(const char __user *name);
293 asmlinkage long sys_capget(cap_user_header_t header,
295 asmlinkage long sys_capset(cap_user_header_t header,
297 asmlinkage long sys_personality(unsigned int personality);
299 asmlinkage long sys_sigpending(old_sigset_t __user *set);
300 asmlinkage long sys_sigprocmask(int how, old_sigset_t __user *set,
302 asmlinkage long sys_getitimer(int which, struct itimerval __user *value);
303 asmlinkage long sys_setitimer(int which,
306 asmlinkage long sys_timer_create(clockid_t which_clock,
309 asmlinkage long sys_timer_gettime(timer_t timer_id,
311 asmlinkage long sys_timer_getoverrun(timer_t timer_id);
312 asmlinkage long sys_timer_settime(timer_t timer_id, int flags,
315 asmlinkage long sys_timer_delete(timer_t timer_id);
316 asmlinkage long sys_clock_settime(clockid_t which_clock,
318 asmlinkage long sys_clock_gettime(clockid_t which_clock,
320 asmlinkage long sys_clock_adjtime(clockid_t which_clock,
322 asmlinkage long sys_clock_getres(clockid_t which_clock,
324 asmlinkage long sys_clock_nanosleep(clockid_t which_clock, int flags,
328 asmlinkage long sys_nice(int increment);
329 asmlinkage long sys_sched_setscheduler(pid_t pid, int policy,
331 asmlinkage long sys_sched_setparam(pid_t pid,
333 asmlinkage long sys_sched_getscheduler(pid_t pid);
334 asmlinkage long sys_sched_getparam(pid_t pid,
336 asmlinkage long sys_sched_setaffinity(pid_t pid, unsigned int len,
338 asmlinkage long sys_sched_getaffinity(pid_t pid, unsigned int len,
340 asmlinkage long sys_sched_yield(void);
341 asmlinkage long sys_sched_get_priority_max(int policy);
342 asmlinkage long sys_sched_get_priority_min(int policy);
343 asmlinkage long sys_sched_rr_get_interval(pid_t pid,
345 asmlinkage long sys_setpriority(int which, int who, int niceval);
346 asmlinkage long sys_getpriority(int which, int who);
348 asmlinkage long sys_shutdown(int, int);
349 asmlinkage long sys_reboot(int magic1, int magic2, unsigned int cmd,
351 asmlinkage long sys_restart_syscall(void);
352 asmlinkage long sys_kexec_load(unsigned long entry, unsigned long nr_segments,
356 asmlinkage long sys_exit(int error_code);
357 asmlinkage long sys_exit_group(int error_code);
358 asmlinkage long sys_wait4(pid_t pid, int __user *stat_addr,
360 asmlinkage long sys_waitid(int which, pid_t pid,
363 asmlinkage long sys_waitpid(pid_t pid, int __user *stat_addr, int options);
364 asmlinkage long sys_set_tid_address(int __user *tidptr);
365 asmlinkage long sys_futex(u32 __user *uaddr, int op, u32 val,
369 asmlinkage long sys_init_module(void __user *umod, unsigned long len,
371 asmlinkage long sys_delete_module(const char __user *name_user,
374 asmlinkage long sys_rt_sigprocmask(int how, sigset_t __user *set,
376 asmlinkage long sys_rt_sigpending(sigset_t __user *set, size_t sigsetsize);
377 asmlinkage long sys_rt_sigtimedwait(const sigset_t __user *uthese,
381 asmlinkage long sys_rt_tgsigqueueinfo(pid_t tgid, pid_t pid, int sig,
383 asmlinkage long sys_kill(int pid, int sig);
384 asmlinkage long sys_tgkill(int tgid, int pid, int sig);
385 asmlinkage long sys_tkill(int pid, int sig);
386 asmlinkage long sys_rt_sigqueueinfo(int pid, int sig, siginfo_t __user *uinfo);
387 asmlinkage long sys_sgetmask(void);
388 asmlinkage long sys_ssetmask(int newmask);
389 asmlinkage long sys_signal(int sig, __sighandler_t handler);
390 asmlinkage long sys_pause(void);
392 asmlinkage long sys_sync(void);
393 asmlinkage long sys_fsync(unsigned int fd);
394 asmlinkage long sys_fdatasync(unsigned int fd);
395 asmlinkage long sys_bdflush(int func, long data);
396 asmlinkage long sys_mount(char __user *dev_name, char __user *dir_name,
399 asmlinkage long sys_umount(char __user *name, int flags);
400 asmlinkage long sys_oldumount(char __user *name);
401 asmlinkage long sys_truncate(const char __user *path, long length);
402 asmlinkage long sys_ftruncate(unsigned int fd, unsigned long length);
403 asmlinkage long sys_stat(const char __user *filename,
405 asmlinkage long sys_statfs(const char __user * path,
407 asmlinkage long sys_statfs64(const char __user *path, size_t sz,
409 asmlinkage long sys_fstatfs(unsigned int fd, struct statfs __user *buf);
410 asmlinkage long sys_fstatfs64(unsigned int fd, size_t sz,
412 asmlinkage long sys_lstat(const char __user *filename,
414 asmlinkage long sys_fstat(unsigned int fd,
416 asmlinkage long sys_newstat(const char __user *filename,
418 asmlinkage long sys_newlstat(const char __user *filename,
420 asmlinkage long sys_newfstat(unsigned int fd, struct stat __user *statbuf);
421 asmlinkage long sys_ustat(unsigned dev, struct ustat __user *ubuf);
423 asmlinkage long sys_stat64(const char __user *filename,
425 asmlinkage long sys_fstat64(unsigned long fd, struct stat64 __user *statbuf);
426 asmlinkage long sys_lstat64(const char __user *filename,
428 asmlinkage long sys_truncate64(const char __user *path, loff_t length);
429 asmlinkage long sys_ftruncate64(unsigned int fd, loff_t length);
432 asmlinkage long sys_setxattr(const char __user *path, const char __user *name,
434 asmlinkage long sys_lsetxattr(const char __user *path, const char __user *name,
436 asmlinkage long sys_fsetxattr(int fd, const char __user *name,
438 asmlinkage long sys_getxattr(const char __user *path, const char __user *name,
440 asmlinkage long sys_lgetxattr(const char __user *path, const char __user *name,
442 asmlinkage long sys_fgetxattr(int fd, const char __user *name,
444 asmlinkage long sys_listxattr(const char __user *path, char __user *list,
446 asmlinkage long sys_llistxattr(const char __user *path, char __user *list,
448 asmlinkage long sys_flistxattr(int fd, char __user *list, size_t size);
449 asmlinkage long sys_removexattr(const char __user *path,
451 asmlinkage long sys_lremovexattr(const char __user *path,
453 asmlinkage long sys_fremovexattr(int fd, const char __user *name);
455 asmlinkage long sys_brk(unsigned long brk);
456 asmlinkage long sys_mprotect(unsigned long start, size_t len,
458 asmlinkage long sys_mremap(unsigned long addr,
461 asmlinkage long sys_remap_file_pages(unsigned long start, unsigned long size,
464 asmlinkage long sys_msync(unsigned long start, size_t len, int flags);
465 asmlinkage long sys_fadvise64(int fd, loff_t offset, size_t len, int advice);
466 asmlinkage long sys_fadvise64_64(int fd, loff_t offset, loff_t len, int advice);
467 asmlinkage long sys_munmap(unsigned long addr, size_t len);
468 asmlinkage long sys_mlock(unsigned long start, size_t len);
469 asmlinkage long sys_munlock(unsigned long start, size_t len);
470 asmlinkage long sys_mlockall(int flags);
471 asmlinkage long sys_munlockall(void);
472 asmlinkage long sys_madvise(unsigned long start, size_t len, int behavior);
473 asmlinkage long sys_mincore(unsigned long start, size_t len,
476 asmlinkage long sys_pivot_root(const char __user *new_root,
478 asmlinkage long sys_chroot(const char __user *filename);
479 asmlinkage long sys_mknod(const char __user *filename, int mode,
481 asmlinkage long sys_link(const char __user *oldname,
483 asmlinkage long sys_symlink(const char __user *old, const char __user *new);
484 asmlinkage long sys_unlink(const char __user *pathname);
485 asmlinkage long sys_rename(const char __user *oldname,
487 asmlinkage long sys_chmod(const char __user *filename, mode_t mode);
488 asmlinkage long sys_fchmod(unsigned int fd, mode_t mode);
490 asmlinkage long sys_fcntl(unsigned int fd, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg);
492 asmlinkage long sys_fcntl64(unsigned int fd,
495 asmlinkage long sys_pipe(int __user *fildes);
496 asmlinkage long sys_pipe2(int __user *fildes, int flags);
497 asmlinkage long sys_dup(unsigned int fildes);
498 asmlinkage long sys_dup2(unsigned int oldfd, unsigned int newfd);
499 asmlinkage long sys_dup3(unsigned int oldfd, unsigned int newfd, int flags);
500 asmlinkage long sys_ioperm(unsigned long from, unsigned long num, int on);
501 asmlinkage long sys_ioctl(unsigned int fd, unsigned int cmd,
503 asmlinkage long sys_flock(unsigned int fd, unsigned int cmd);
504 asmlinkage long sys_io_setup(unsigned nr_reqs, aio_context_t __user *ctx);
505 asmlinkage long sys_io_destroy(aio_context_t ctx);
506 asmlinkage long sys_io_getevents(aio_context_t ctx_id,
511 asmlinkage long sys_io_submit(aio_context_t, long,
513 asmlinkage long sys_io_cancel(aio_context_t ctx_id, struct iocb __user *iocb,
515 asmlinkage long sys_sendfile(int out_fd, int in_fd,
517 asmlinkage long sys_sendfile64(int out_fd, int in_fd,
519 asmlinkage long sys_readlink(const char __user *path,
521 asmlinkage long sys_creat(const char __user *pathname, int mode);
522 asmlinkage long sys_open(const char __user *filename,
524 asmlinkage long sys_close(unsigned int fd);
525 asmlinkage long sys_access(const char __user *filename, int mode);
526 asmlinkage long sys_vhangup(void);
527 asmlinkage long sys_chown(const char __user *filename,
529 asmlinkage long sys_lchown(const char __user *filename,
531 asmlinkage long sys_fchown(unsigned int fd, uid_t user, gid_t group);
533 asmlinkage long sys_chown16(const char __user *filename,
535 asmlinkage long sys_lchown16(const char __user *filename,
537 asmlinkage long sys_fchown16(unsigned int fd, old_uid_t user, old_gid_t group);
538 asmlinkage long sys_setregid16(old_gid_t rgid, old_gid_t egid);
539 asmlinkage long sys_setgid16(old_gid_t gid);
540 asmlinkage long sys_setreuid16(old_uid_t ruid, old_uid_t euid);
541 asmlinkage long sys_setuid16(old_uid_t uid);
542 asmlinkage long sys_setresuid16(old_uid_t ruid, old_uid_t euid, old_uid_t suid);
543 asmlinkage long sys_getresuid16(old_uid_t __user *ruid,
545 asmlinkage long sys_setresgid16(old_gid_t rgid, old_gid_t egid, old_gid_t sgid);
546 asmlinkage long sys_getresgid16(old_gid_t __user *rgid,
548 asmlinkage long sys_setfsuid16(old_uid_t uid);
549 asmlinkage long sys_setfsgid16(old_gid_t gid);
550 asmlinkage long sys_getgroups16(int gidsetsize, old_gid_t __user *grouplist);
551 asmlinkage long sys_setgroups16(int gidsetsize, old_gid_t __user *grouplist);
552 asmlinkage long sys_getuid16(void);
553 asmlinkage long sys_geteuid16(void);
554 asmlinkage long sys_getgid16(void);
555 asmlinkage long sys_getegid16(void);
558 asmlinkage long sys_utime(char __user *filename,
560 asmlinkage long sys_utimes(char __user *filename,
562 asmlinkage long sys_lseek(unsigned int fd, off_t offset,
564 asmlinkage long sys_llseek(unsigned int fd, unsigned long offset_high,
567 asmlinkage long sys_read(unsigned int fd, char __user *buf, size_t count);
568 asmlinkage long sys_readahead(int fd, loff_t offset, size_t count);
569 asmlinkage long sys_readv(unsigned long fd,
572 asmlinkage long sys_write(unsigned int fd, const char __user *buf,
574 asmlinkage long sys_writev(unsigned long fd,
577 asmlinkage long sys_pread64(unsigned int fd, char __user *buf,
579 asmlinkage long sys_pwrite64(unsigned int fd, const char __user *buf,
581 asmlinkage long sys_preadv(unsigned long fd, const struct iovec __user *vec,
583 asmlinkage long sys_pwritev(unsigned long fd, const struct iovec __user *vec,
585 asmlinkage long sys_getcwd(char __user *buf, unsigned long size);
586 asmlinkage long sys_mkdir(const char __user *pathname, int mode);
587 asmlinkage long sys_chdir(const char __user *filename);
588 asmlinkage long sys_fchdir(unsigned int fd);
589 asmlinkage long sys_rmdir(const char __user *pathname);
590 asmlinkage long sys_lookup_dcookie(u64 cookie64, char __user *buf, size_t len);
591 asmlinkage long sys_quotactl(unsigned int cmd, const char __user *special,
593 asmlinkage long sys_getdents(unsigned int fd,
596 asmlinkage long sys_getdents64(unsigned int fd,
600 asmlinkage long sys_setsockopt(int fd, int level, int optname,
602 asmlinkage long sys_getsockopt(int fd, int level, int optname,
604 asmlinkage long sys_bind(int, struct sockaddr __user *, int);
605 asmlinkage long sys_connect(int, struct sockaddr __user *, int);
606 asmlinkage long sys_accept(int, struct sockaddr __user *, int __user *);
607 asmlinkage long sys_accept4(int, struct sockaddr __user *, int __user *, int);
608 asmlinkage long sys_getsockname(int, struct sockaddr __user *, int __user *);
609 asmlinkage long sys_getpeername(int, struct sockaddr __user *, int __user *);
610 asmlinkage long sys_send(int, void __user *, size_t, unsigned);
611 asmlinkage long sys_sendto(int, void __user *, size_t, unsigned,
613 asmlinkage long sys_sendmsg(int fd, struct msghdr __user *msg, unsigned flags);
614 asmlinkage long sys_sendmmsg(int fd, struct mmsghdr __user *msg,
616 asmlinkage long sys_recv(int, void __user *, size_t, unsigned);
617 asmlinkage long sys_recvfrom(int, void __user *, size_t, unsigned,
619 asmlinkage long sys_recvmsg(int fd, struct msghdr __user *msg, unsigned flags);
620 asmlinkage long sys_recvmmsg(int fd, struct mmsghdr __user *msg,
623 asmlinkage long sys_socket(int, int, int);
624 asmlinkage long sys_socketpair(int, int, int, int __user *);
625 asmlinkage long sys_socketcall(int call, unsigned long __user *args);
626 asmlinkage long sys_listen(int, int);
627 asmlinkage long sys_poll(struct pollfd __user *ufds, unsigned int nfds,
629 asmlinkage long sys_select(int n, fd_set __user *inp, fd_set __user *outp,
631 asmlinkage long sys_old_select(struct sel_arg_struct __user *arg);
632 asmlinkage long sys_epoll_create(int size);
633 asmlinkage long sys_epoll_create1(int flags);
634 asmlinkage long sys_epoll_ctl(int epfd, int op, int fd,
636 asmlinkage long sys_epoll_wait(int epfd, struct epoll_event __user *events,
638 asmlinkage long sys_epoll_pwait(int epfd, struct epoll_event __user *events,
642 asmlinkage long sys_gethostname(char __user *name, int len);
643 asmlinkage long sys_sethostname(char __user *name, int len);
644 asmlinkage long sys_setdomainname(char __user *name, int len);
645 asmlinkage long sys_newuname(struct new_utsname __user *name);
646 asmlinkage long sys_uname(struct old_utsname __user *);
647 asmlinkage long sys_olduname(struct oldold_utsname __user *);
649 asmlinkage long sys_getrlimit(unsigned int resource,
652 asmlinkage long sys_old_getrlimit(unsigned int resource, struct rlimit __user *rlim);
654 asmlinkage long sys_setrlimit(unsigned int resource,
656 asmlinkage long sys_prlimit64(pid_t pid, unsigned int resource,
659 asmlinkage long sys_getrusage(int who, struct rusage __user *ru);
660 asmlinkage long sys_umask(int mask);
662 asmlinkage long sys_msgget(key_t key, int msgflg);
663 asmlinkage long sys_msgsnd(int msqid, struct msgbuf __user *msgp,
665 asmlinkage long sys_msgrcv(int msqid, struct msgbuf __user *msgp,
667 asmlinkage long sys_msgctl(int msqid, int cmd, struct msqid_ds __user *buf);
669 asmlinkage long sys_semget(key_t key, int nsems, int semflg);
670 asmlinkage long sys_semop(int semid, struct sembuf __user *sops,
672 asmlinkage long sys_semctl(int semid, int semnum, int cmd, union semun arg);
673 asmlinkage long sys_semtimedop(int semid, struct sembuf __user *sops,
676 asmlinkage long sys_shmat(int shmid, char __user *shmaddr, int shmflg);
677 asmlinkage long sys_shmget(key_t key, size_t size, int flag);
678 asmlinkage long sys_shmdt(char __user *shmaddr);
679 asmlinkage long sys_shmctl(int shmid, int cmd, struct shmid_ds __user *buf);
680 asmlinkage long sys_ipc(unsigned int call, int first, unsigned long second,
683 asmlinkage long sys_mq_open(const char __user *name, int oflag, mode_t mode, struct mq_attr __user *attr);
684 asmlinkage long sys_mq_unlink(const char __user *name);
685 asmlinkage long sys_mq_timedsend(mqd_t mqdes, const char __user *msg_ptr, size_t msg_len, unsigned int msg_prio, const struct timespec __user *abs_timeout);
686 asmlinkage long sys_mq_timedreceive(mqd_t mqdes, char __user *msg_ptr, size_t msg_len, unsigned int __user *msg_prio, const struct timespec __user *abs_timeout);
687 asmlinkage long sys_mq_notify(mqd_t mqdes, const struct sigevent __user *notification);
688 asmlinkage long sys_mq_getsetattr(mqd_t mqdes, const struct mq_attr __user *mqstat, struct mq_attr __user *omqstat);
690 asmlinkage long sys_pciconfig_iobase(long which, unsigned long bus, unsigned long devfn);
691 asmlinkage long sys_pciconfig_read(unsigned long bus, unsigned long dfn,
694 asmlinkage long sys_pciconfig_write(unsigned long bus, unsigned long dfn,
698 asmlinkage long sys_prctl(int option, unsigned long arg2, unsigned long arg3,
700 asmlinkage long sys_swapon(const char __user *specialfile, int swap_flags);
701 asmlinkage long sys_swapoff(const char __user *specialfile);
702 asmlinkage long sys_sysctl(struct __sysctl_args __user *args);
703 asmlinkage long sys_sysinfo(struct sysinfo __user *info);
704 asmlinkage long sys_sysfs(int option,
706 asmlinkage long sys_nfsservctl(int cmd,
709 asmlinkage long sys_syslog(int type, char __user *buf, int len);
710 asmlinkage long sys_uselib(const char __user *library);
711 asmlinkage long sys_ni_syscall(void);
712 asmlinkage long sys_ptrace(long request, long pid, unsigned long addr,
715 asmlinkage long sys_add_key(const char __user *_type,
721 asmlinkage long sys_request_key(const char __user *_type,
726 asmlinkage long sys_keyctl(int cmd, unsigned long arg2, unsigned long arg3,
729 asmlinkage long sys_ioprio_set(int which, int who, int ioprio);
730 asmlinkage long sys_ioprio_get(int which, int who);
731 asmlinkage long sys_set_mempolicy(int mode, unsigned long __user *nmask,
733 asmlinkage long sys_migrate_pages(pid_t pid, unsigned long maxnode,
736 asmlinkage long sys_move_pages(pid_t pid, unsigned long nr_pages,
741 asmlinkage long sys_mbind(unsigned long start, unsigned long len,
746 asmlinkage long sys_get_mempolicy(int __user *policy,
751 asmlinkage long sys_inotify_init(void);
752 asmlinkage long sys_inotify_init1(int flags);
753 asmlinkage long sys_inotify_add_watch(int fd, const char __user *path,
755 asmlinkage long sys_inotify_rm_watch(int fd, __s32 wd);
757 asmlinkage long sys_spu_run(int fd, __u32 __user *unpc,
759 asmlinkage long sys_spu_create(const char __user *name,
762 asmlinkage long sys_mknodat(int dfd, const char __user * filename, int mode,
764 asmlinkage long sys_mkdirat(int dfd, const char __user * pathname, int mode);
765 asmlinkage long sys_unlinkat(int dfd, const char __user * pathname, int flag);
766 asmlinkage long sys_symlinkat(const char __user * oldname,
768 asmlinkage long sys_linkat(int olddfd, const char __user *oldname,
770 asmlinkage long sys_renameat(int olddfd, const char __user * oldname,
772 asmlinkage long sys_futimesat(int dfd, const char __user *filename,
774 asmlinkage long sys_faccessat(int dfd, const char __user *filename, int mode);
775 asmlinkage long sys_fchmodat(int dfd, const char __user * filename,
777 asmlinkage long sys_fchownat(int dfd, const char __user *filename, uid_t user,
779 asmlinkage long sys_openat(int dfd, const char __user *filename, int flags,
781 asmlinkage long sys_newfstatat(int dfd, const char __user *filename,
783 asmlinkage long sys_fstatat64(int dfd, const char __user *filename,
785 asmlinkage long sys_readlinkat(int dfd, const char __user *path, char __user *buf,
787 asmlinkage long sys_utimensat(int dfd, const char __user *filename,
789 asmlinkage long sys_unshare(unsigned long unshare_flags);
791 asmlinkage long sys_splice(int fd_in, loff_t __user *off_in,
795 asmlinkage long sys_vmsplice(int fd, const struct iovec __user *iov,
798 asmlinkage long sys_tee(int fdin, int fdout, size_t len, unsigned int flags);
800 asmlinkage long sys_sync_file_range(int fd, loff_t offset, loff_t nbytes,
802 asmlinkage long sys_sync_file_range2(int fd, unsigned int flags,
804 asmlinkage long sys_get_robust_list(int pid,
807 asmlinkage long sys_set_robust_list(struct robust_list_head __user *head,
809 asmlinkage long sys_getcpu(unsigned __user *cpu, unsigned __user *node, struct getcpu_cache __user *cache);
810 asmlinkage long sys_signalfd(int ufd, sigset_t __user *user_mask, size_t sizemask);
811 asmlinkage long sys_signalfd4(int ufd, sigset_t __user *user_mask, size_t sizemask, int flags);
812 asmlinkage long sys_timerfd_create(int clockid, int flags);
813 asmlinkage long sys_timerfd_settime(int ufd, int flags,
816 asmlinkage long sys_timerfd_gettime(int ufd, struct itimerspec __user *otmr);
817 asmlinkage long sys_eventfd(unsigned int count);
818 asmlinkage long sys_eventfd2(unsigned int count, int flags);
819 asmlinkage long sys_fallocate(int fd, int mode, loff_t offset, loff_t len);
820 asmlinkage long sys_old_readdir(unsigned int, struct old_linux_dirent __user *, unsigned int);
821 asmlinkage long sys_pselect6(int, fd_set __user *, fd_set __user *,
824 asmlinkage long sys_ppoll(struct pollfd __user *, unsigned int,
827 asmlinkage long sys_fanotify_init(unsigned int flags, unsigned int event_f_flags);
828 asmlinkage long sys_fanotify_mark(int fanotify_fd, unsigned int flags,
831 asmlinkage long sys_syncfs(int fd);
836 asmlinkage long sys_perf_event_open(
840 asmlinkage long sys_mmap_pgoff(unsigned long addr, unsigned long len,
843 asmlinkage long sys_old_mmap(struct mmap_arg_struct __user *arg);
844 asmlinkage long sys_name_to_handle_at(int dfd, const char __user *name,
847 asmlinkage long sys_open_by_handle_at(int mountdirfd,
850 asmlinkage long sys_setns(int fd, int nstype);
[flydream@flydream linux-3.0.4]$
到这里为止可以清除系统调用的具体实现流程了， 也知道自己怎么添加系统调用了。
其实系统调用可以绕开Glibc直接有汇编语言实现比如：
[flydream@flydream Assembler]$ cat hello1.s
#hello1.s
.section .data #这里是数据段
prompt_str: .ascii "Enter Your Name : "
pstr_end: .set STR_SIZE, pstr_end - prompt_str
greet_str: .ascii "你好："
gstr_end: .set GSTR_SIZE, gstr_end - greet_str
.section .bss
.lcomm buff, 32
.macro write str, str_size
movl $4, %eax
movl $1, %ebx
movl \str, %ecx
movl \str_size, %edx
int $0x80
.endm
.macro read buff, buff_size
movl $3, %eax
movl $0, %ebx
movl \buff, %ecx
movl \buff_size, %edx
int $0x80
.endm
.section .text
.global _start
_start:
write $prompt_str, $STR_SIZE
read $buff, $32
pushl %eax
write $greet_str, $GSTR_SIZE
popl %edx
write $buff, %edx
_exit:
movl $1, %eax
movl $0, %ebx
int $0x80
[flydream@flydream Assembler]$
上面是一段汇编， 直接通过寄存器传递参数：
EAX， 系统调用号
EBX ，第一个参数
ECX ，第二个参数
EDX ，第三个参数
当参数超过5个的时候就要用栈来保存参数列表， 然后用EBX指向这个栈列表地址。
上面直接用汇编语言直接用系统调用号与用库然后进入内核有什么区别呢， 用汇编可以减少对动态链接库的支持， 速度也要快一些：
[flydream@flydream Assembler]$ as hello1.s -o hello1.o
[flydream@flydream Assembler]$ ld hello1.o -o hello1
[flydream@flydream Assembler]$ ldd hello1 //没有链接库
not a dynamic executable
[flydream@flydream Assembler]$ ./hello1
Enter Your Name : jiang
你好：jiang
[flydream@flydream Assembler]$
[flydream@flydream ThinkingInC++]$ gcc -g -Wall test_system_call.c -o test_system_call
[flydream@flydream ThinkingInC++]$ ldd test_system_call
linux-gate.so.1 => (0xb77dd000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x4ea1d000)
/lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x4e9f8000)
[flydream@flydream ThinkingInC++]$ ./test_system_call //自己添加的系统调用成功运行
Input a num : 89
The return from kernel is 89 !
[flydream@flydream ThinkingInC++]$
[root@flydream ThinkingInC++]# dmesg -C //清空日志消息
然后在运行
[root@flydream ThinkingInC++]# ./test_system_call
Input a num : 77
The return from kernel is 77 !
[root@flydream ThinkingInC++]#
然后看结果：
[root@flydream ThinkingInC++]# dmesg
[17361.393544] Traversal module is working..
[17361.393550] [process 1]: swapper's pid is 0
[17361.393552] [process 2]: systemd's pid is 1
[17361.393555] [process 3]: kthreadd's pid is 2
[17361.393557] [process 4]: ksoftirqd/0's pid is 3
[17361.393560] [process 5]: migration/0's pid is 6
[17361.393562] [process 6]: watchdog/0's pid is 7
[17361.393565] [process 7]: migration/1's pid is 8
[17361.393567] [process 8]: ksoftirqd/1's pid is 10
[17361.393570] [process 9]: watchdog/1's pid is 12
[17361.393572] [process 10]: migration/2's pid is 13
[17361.393574] [process 11]: kworker/2:0's pid is 14
[17361.393575] [process 12]: ksoftirqd/2's pid is 15
[17361.393577] [process 13]: watchdog/2's pid is 16
[17361.393579] [process 14]: migration/3's pid is 17
[17361.393580] [process 15]: ksoftirqd/3's pid is 19
[17361.393582] [process 16]: watchdog/3's pid is 20
[17361.393584] [process 17]: cpuset's pid is 21
[17361.393585] [process 18]: khelper's pid is 22
[17361.393587] [process 19]: netns's pid is 23
[17361.393589] [process 20]: sync_supers's pid is 24
[17361.393591] [process 21]: bdi-default's pid is 25
[17361.393592] [process 22]: kintegrityd's pid is 26
[17361.393594] [process 23]: kblockd's pid is 27
[17361.393596] [process 24]: ata_sff's pid is 28
[17361.393597] [process 25]: khubd's pid is 29
[17361.393599] [process 26]: md's pid is 30
[17361.393600] [process 27]: kswapd0's pid is 32
[17361.393602] [process 28]: ksmd's pid is 33
[17361.393604] [process 29]: khugepaged's pid is 34
[17361.393606] [process 30]: fsnotify_mark's pid is 35
[17361.393608] [process 31]: crypto's pid is 36
[17361.393609] [process 32]: kthrotld's pid is 42
[17361.393611] [process 33]: scsi_eh_0's pid is 45
[17361.393613] [process 34]: scsi_eh_1's pid is 46
[17361.393614] [process 35]: kworker/u:2's pid is 47
[17361.393616] [process 36]: scsi_eh_2's pid is 48
[17361.393618] [process 37]: scsi_eh_3's pid is 49
[17361.393619] [process 38]: kworker/u:3's pid is 50
[17361.393621] [process 39]: kpsmoused's pid is 53
[17361.393623] [process 40]: kworker/3:1's pid is 55
[17361.393625] [process 41]: ttm_swap's pid is 157
[17361.393626] [process 42]: jbd2/sda10-8's pid is 297
[17361.393628] [process 43]: ext4-dio-unwrit's pid is 298
[17361.393630] [process 44]: kauditd's pid is 328
[17361.393632] [process 45]: udevd's pid is 336
[17361.393634] [process 46]: flush-8:0's pid is 346
[17361.393636] [process 47]: systemd-stdout-'s pid is 349
[17361.393637] [process 48]: rpciod's pid is 480
[17361.393639] [process 49]: cfg80211's pid is 497
[17361.393641] [process 50]: ktpacpid's pid is 569
[17361.393642] [process 51]: ktpacpi_nvramd's pid is 572
[17361.393644] [process 52]: hd-audio0's pid is 607
[17361.393646] [process 53]: kvm-irqfd-clean's pid is 642
[17361.393648] [process 54]: jbd2/sda8-8's pid is 732
[17361.393649] [process 55]: ext4-dio-unwrit's pid is 733
[17361.393651] [process 56]: auditd's pid is 771
[17361.393653] [process 57]: audispd's pid is 777
[17361.393654] [process 58]: sedispatch's pid is 780
[17361.393656] [process 59]: abrtd's pid is 789
[17361.393658] [process 60]: NetworkManager's pid is 809
[17361.393660] [process 61]: atd's pid is 811
[17361.393661] [process 62]: acpid's pid is 820
[17361.393663] [process 63]: gpm's pid is 828
[17361.393664] [process 64]: abrt-dump-oops's pid is 829
[17361.393666] [process 65]: systemd-logind's pid is 832
[17361.393668] [process 66]: irqbalance's pid is 833
[17361.393670] [process 67]: system-setup-ke's pid is 834
[17361.393671] [process 68]: avahi-daemon's pid is 836
[17361.393673] [process 69]: avahi-daemon's pid is 838
[17361.393675] [process 70]: mcelog's pid is 840
[17361.393676] [process 71]: crond's pid is 842
[17361.393678] [process 72]: iscsi_eh's pid is 860
[17361.393680] [process 73]: ib_addr's pid is 862
[17361.393681] [process 74]: ib_mcast's pid is 863
[17361.393683] [process 75]: iw_cm_wq's pid is 864
[17361.393685] [process 76]: ib_cm's pid is 865
[17361.393686] [process 77]: rdma_cm's pid is 866
[17361.393688] [process 78]: cnic_wq's pid is 870
[17361.393690] [process 79]: dbus-daemon's pid is 871
[17361.393691] [process 80]: polkitd's pid is 881
[17361.393693] [process 81]: rsyslogd's pid is 885
[17361.393695] [process 82]: modem-manager's pid is 891
[17361.393697] [process 83]: iscsiuio's pid is 893
[17361.393698] [process 84]: iscsid's pid is 901
[17361.393700] [process 85]: iscsid's pid is 902
[17361.393702] [process 86]: sshd's pid is 912
[17361.393703] [process 87]: xinetd's pid is 913
[17361.393705] [process 88]: rpc.idmapd's pid is 918
[17361.393707] [process 89]: libvirtd's pid is 932
[17361.393708] [process 90]: rpcbind's pid is 936
[17361.393710] [process 91]: rpc.statd's pid is 1039
[17361.393712] [process 92]: gdm-binary's pid is 1059
[17361.393714] [process 93]: mysqld's pid is 1172
[17361.393715] [process 94]: /usr/sbin/httpd's pid is 1181
[17361.393717] [process 95]: dnsmasq's pid is 1226
[17361.393719] [process 96]: gdm-simple-slav's pid is 1244
[17361.393720] [process 97]: Xorg's pid is 1249
[17361.393722] [process 98]: console-kit-dae's pid is 1306
[17361.393724] [process 99]: /usr/sbin/httpd's pid is 1307
[17361.393726] [process 100]: /usr/sbin/httpd's pid is 1308
[17361.393728] [process 101]: /usr/sbin/httpd's pid is 1309
[17361.393729] [process 102]: /usr/sbin/httpd's pid is 1310
[17361.393731] [process 103]: /usr/sbin/httpd's pid is 1311
[17361.393733] [process 104]: /usr/sbin/httpd's pid is 1312
[17361.393735] [process 105]: /usr/sbin/httpd's pid is 1313
[17361.393736] [process 106]: accounts-daemon's pid is 1314
[17361.393738] [process 107]: /usr/sbin/httpd's pid is 1315
[17361.393740] [process 108]: upowerd's pid is 1398
[17361.393742] [process 109]: rtkit-daemon's pid is 1452
[17361.393743] [process 110]: gdm-session-wor's pid is 1485
[17361.393745] [process 111]: gnome-keyring-d's pid is 1492
[17361.393747] [process 112]: gnome-session's pid is 1498
[17361.393749] [process 113]: dbus-launch's pid is 1508
[17361.393751] [process 114]: dbus-daemon's pid is 1509
[17361.393752] [process 115]: imsettings-daem's pid is 1520
[17361.393754] [process 116]: gvfsd's pid is 1523
[17361.393756] [process 117]: gvfs-fuse-daemo's pid is 1535
[17361.393758] [process 118]: gconfd-2's pid is 1633
[17361.393759] [process 119]: gnome-settings-'s pid is 1644
[17361.393761] [process 120]: pulseaudio's pid is 1650
[17361.393763] [process 121]: gconf-helper's pid is 1653
[17361.393765] [process 122]: cupsd's pid is 1658
[17361.393766] [process 123]: gsd-printer's pid is 1660
[17361.393768] [process 124]: gvfs-gdu-volume's pid is 1668
[17361.393770] [process 125]: udisks-daemon's pid is 1670
[17361.393772] [process 126]: udisks-daemon's pid is 1671
[17361.393774] [process 127]: gvfs-afc-volume's pid is 1677
[17361.393775] [process 128]: gvfs-gphoto2-vo's pid is 1680
[17361.393777] [process 129]: colord's pid is 1682
[17361.393779] [process 130]: gnome-shell's pid is 1685
[17361.393781] [process 131]: dconf-service's pid is 1691
[17361.393782] [process 132]: nautilus's pid is 1695
[17361.393784] [process 133]: deja-dup-monito's pid is 1698
[17361.393786] [process 134]: evolution-alarm's pid is 1699
[17361.393788] [process 135]: abrt-applet's pid is 1702
[17361.393789] [process 136]: tracker-miner-f's pid is 1703
[17361.393791] [process 137]: tracker-store's pid is 1708
[17361.393793] [process 138]: gnome-screensav's pid is 1714
[17361.393795] [process 139]: nm-applet's pid is 1727
[17361.393796] [process 140]: gdu-notificatio's pid is 1730
[17361.393798] [process 141]: cairo-dock's pid is 1738
[17361.393800] [process 142]: zeitgeist-datah's pid is 1757
[17361.393802] [process 143]: zeitgeist-daemo's pid is 1818
[17361.393803] [process 144]: udevd's pid is 1913
[17361.393805] [process 145]: udevd's pid is 1914
[17361.393807] [process 146]: e-calendar-fact's pid is 1918
[17361.393808] [process 147]: e-addressbook-f's pid is 1991
[17361.393810] [process 148]: goa-daemon's pid is 2003
[17361.393812] [process 149]: ibus-daemon's pid is 2129
[17361.393814] [process 150]: gvfsd-trash's pid is 2134
[17361.393815] [process 151]: gvfsd-computer's pid is 2142
[17361.393817] [process 152]: gnome-shell-cal's pid is 2147
[17361.393819] [process 153]: mission-control's pid is 2152
[17361.393821] [process 154]: gvfsd-network's pid is 2158
[17361.393823] [process 155]: gvfsd-dnssd's pid is 2174
[17361.393824] [process 156]: gpasted's pid is 2194
[17361.393826] [process 157]: libsocialweb-co's pid is 2202
[17361.393828] [process 158]: gvfsd-burn's pid is 2209
[17361.393829] [process 159]: gvfsd-metadata's pid is 2218
[17361.393831] [process 160]: ibus-dconf's pid is 2227
[17361.393833] [process 161]: python's pid is 2229
[17361.393835] [process 162]: ibus-x11's pid is 2231
[17361.393836] [process 163]: ibus-engine-pin's pid is 2235
[17361.393838] [process 164]: ibus-engine-xkb's pid is 2236
[17361.393840] [process 165]: dhclient's pid is 2253
[17361.393841] [process 166]: sendmail's pid is 2317
[17361.393843] [process 167]: sendmail's pid is 2385
[17361.393845] [process 168]: firefox's pid is 2724
[17361.393846] [process 169]: plugin-containe's pid is 3065
[17361.393848] [process 170]: gnome-terminal's pid is 3334
[17361.393849] [process 171]: gnome-pty-helpe's pid is 3341
[17361.393851] [process 172]: bash's pid is 3342
[17361.393853] [process 173]: kworker/1:2's pid is 10234
[17361.393855] [process 174]: bash's pid is 21235
[17361.393856] [process 175]: kworker/0:1's pid is 22101
[17361.393858] [process 176]: kworker/2:1's pid is 22432
[17361.393860] [process 177]: kworker/1:1's pid is 22552
[17361.393861] [process 178]: kworker/0:2's pid is 22947
[17361.393863] [process 179]: kworker/3:2's pid is 23134
[17361.393865] [process 180]: kworker/1:0's pid is 23168
[17361.393867] [process 181]: su's pid is 23549
[17361.393868] [process 182]: bash's pid is 23553
[17361.393870] [process 183]: kworker/0:0's pid is 23650
[17361.393872] The number of process is 183
[17361.393874] This is a sample test output from kernel!
[17361.393875] And this is added by JYP !
[root@flydream ThinkingInC++]#
还有一种不需要动态链接库的就是静态编译， 对比静态编译和动态编译
[root@flydream ThinkingInC++]# gcc -g -Wall -static -m32 test_system_call.c -o test_system_call
[root@flydream ThinkingInC++]# ldd test_system_call
not a dynamic executable
[root@flydream ThinkingInC++]# du -sh test_system_call
736K test_system_call
[root@flydream ThinkingInC++]# ./test_system_call
Input a num : 89
The return from kernel is 89 !
[root@flydream ThinkingInC++]# gcc -g -Wall test_system_call.c -o test_system_call
[root@flydream ThinkingInC++]# ldd test_system_call
linux-gate.so.1 => (0xb7893000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x4ea1d000)
/lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x4e9f8000)
[root@flydream ThinkingInC++]# ./test_system_call
Input a num : 78
The return from kernel is 78 !
[root@flydream ThinkingInC++]# du -sh test_system_call
8.0K test_system_call
好了总算写完了。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
搞忘了总结了：
其实系统调用执行的流程如下：
用户代码==》系统调用==》进入库函数（/lib/libc.so）==>软中断进入内核==》执行已经有内核初始化注册号了的system_call函数===》执行相关系统调用函数==>一层一层返回。
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